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Stephens ZP, Firth CL, Cantinotti M, Fuller D, Winters M, Kestens Y. Imagining and implementing healthy city interventions: Combined results from parallel concept mapping exercises in Montreal with community members and stakeholders. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2024; 115:599-610. [PMID: 38713363 PMCID: PMC11382639 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Built environment interventions provide structural solutions to complex urban challenges. Though community voices are part of municipal decision-making, planners and public health professionals need tools to better integrate their perspectives for desired changes (what) when implementing built environment interventions (how). We present two simultaneous concept mapping exercises conducted in Montréal, Canada, to facilitate the consideration of these dimensions. METHODS Community members were prompted about neighbourhood changes that could improve their quality of life; stakeholders were prompted about factors that contribute to successful implementation of interventions. Through each exercise, items were generated, grouped, and rated on importance and feasibility. Concept maps were produced using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. The clusters identified by community members and stakeholders were combined into a Community × Stakeholder Matrix, which supported discussions on interventions with the research's Advisory Committee. RESULTS Thirty-two community members generated 41 responses, which resulted in 6 clusters: (1) strengthen public transportation, (2) reduce space dedicated to cars, (3) foster local social connections, (4) develop quality cycling infrastructure, (5) improve pedestrian accessibility, and (6) green the city. Thirty-seven stakeholders generated 40 items, which resulted in 5 clusters: (1) collaboration with stakeholders and citizens, (2) planning and evaluation, (3) common vision for the future, (4) regulatory framework and funding, and (5) context-informed approach. CONCLUSION Capturing the collective vision of our urban environments and the processes underlying change through concept mapping can lead to more successful changes. We propose combining understandings of the what and how into a matrix to support evaluation and strategic planning of interventions and better integrate community voices into operational planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caislin Leah Firth
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yan Kestens
- Centre de recherche en santé publique, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Couper I, Jaques K, Reid A, Harris P. Placemaking and infrastructure through the lens of levelling up for health equity: A scoping review. Health Place 2023; 80:102975. [PMID: 36774810 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.102975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The planning and delivery of infrastructure influences how places create health equity. The scholarship on place and health has recently been developed into 'levelling up' principles for equity focussed policy and planning. We conducted a scoping review of the literature on infrastructure through urban regeneration and placemaking interventions. We interrogated the 15 final selected articles for their use of one or more of the five 'levelling' up principles. No article encompassed all five principles. It was most common to find two or three principles in action. Reviewing the articles against the principles allows a deeper explanation of how infrastructure planning practice can positively impact on health equity. We conclude that applying all the principles in standard infrastructure planning practice has great potential for creating places that are positive for health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Couper
- Centre for Health Equity, Training, Research & Evaluation (CHETRE), Part of the UNSW Australia Research Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity, A Unit of Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Ingham Institute, Liverpool Hospital Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool, BC NSW, 1871, Australia
| | - Karla Jaques
- Centre for Health Equity, Training, Research & Evaluation (CHETRE), Part of the UNSW Australia Research Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity, A Unit of Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Ingham Institute, Liverpool Hospital Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool, BC NSW, 1871, Australia
| | - Andrew Reid
- Centre for Health Equity, Training, Research & Evaluation (CHETRE), Part of the UNSW Australia Research Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity, A Unit of Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Ingham Institute, Liverpool Hospital Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool, BC NSW, 1871, Australia
| | - Patrick Harris
- Centre for Health Equity, Training, Research & Evaluation (CHETRE), Part of the UNSW Australia Research Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity, A Unit of Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Ingham Institute, Liverpool Hospital Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool, BC NSW, 1871, Australia.
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Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Semantic Web-Based Strategies for Enhancing Educational System Development. INT J SEMANT WEB INF 2022. [DOI: 10.4018/ijswis.302895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Educators have been calling for reform for a decade. Recent technical breakthroughs have led to various improvements in the semantic web-based education system. After last year's COVID-19 outbreak, development quickened. Many countries and educational systems now concentrate on providing students with online education, which differs greatly from traditional classroom education. Online education allows students to learn at their own pace and the system. As a consequence, we may say that education has become more dynamic. In the educational system, this changing nature makes user demands difficult to identify. Many instructors suggest using machine learning, artificial intelligence, or ontology to improve traditional teaching methods. Due to the lack of survey studies examining and comparing all of the researcher's semantic web-based teaching methodologies, we decided to conduct this survey. This paper's goal is to analyse all available possibilities for semantic web-based education systems that enable new researchers to develop their knowledge.
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Laustsen CE, Petersson P, Westergren A, Haak M. Involvement of professionals in research: knowledge integration, development of practice, and challenges: a group concept mapping study. Health Res Policy Syst 2021; 19:115. [PMID: 34380506 PMCID: PMC8408930 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-021-00763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research and practice are often considered as two different worlds with different values, which causes a gap between them. Involving professionals such as practitioners, managers, decision-makers, and policy-makers in research on ageing and health might address the gap between research and practice, strengthen the healthcare system, and increase older people's possibilities for healthy ageing. The aim of this study was to conceptualize professionals' involvement in research on ageing and health from the perspective of the professionals themselves. METHODS A mixed method called group concept mapping was used. Professionals with experience being involved in research on ageing and health participated in qualitative data collection through brainstorming sessions (n = 29) and by sorting statements (n = 29). Afterwards, they participated in a quantitative data collection by rating statements according to how much each statement strengthened practice (n = 30) and strengthened research (n = 28). Multidimensional scaling analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to conduct quantitative analysis. Latent qualitative analysis was also conducted. RESULTS Analysis resulted in eight clusters which illustrated conceptual areas of professionals' involvement in research projects. The qualitative latent construct of the cluster map resulted in the themes: challenges for professionals; prerequisites and professionals' learning can contribute to development of practice; and integrated knowledge benefits older people. There was a strong correlation between what strengthens practice and research (r = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates conceptual areas of professionals' own perspectives on what their involvement in research can lead to. Their involvement may lead to knowledge being integrated, and the professionals may learn through their involvement, which can contribute to the development of practice. However, there can also be challenges that need to be handled when professionals are involved in research. The study can be useful for improving the understanding of and actual involvement of professionals in research, and for optimizing the involvement of professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Laustsen
- Research Platform for Collaboration for Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia Petersson
- Research Platform for Collaboration for Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Albert Westergren
- Research Platform for Collaboration for Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Haak
- Research Platform for Collaboration for Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Envisioning Happy Places for All: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Transformations in the Urban Environment on the Wellbeing of Vulnerable Groups. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13148086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Urban planning and design can impact mental health, but it is unclear how ever-growing and changing cities can sustain the psychological wellbeing of vulnerable groups, who are among the most mentally sensitive to spatial inequalities. This systematic review synthesised quantitative and qualitative studies on urban design interventions and their impact on wellbeing in vulnerable groups. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched five online databases from inception to May 2020. A total of 10 papers were included. We found mixed evidence of benefits for wellbeing linked to urban regeneration projects or focused interventions (green spaces, transport, security). Interventions that were centred around participation, sustainable living, and quality of design (e.g., perceived sense of safety) were associated with increased residential satisfaction and wellbeing, particularly among low-income communities and women. Risk of bias was low to medium, but there was high methodological heterogeneity; studies were mainly from Western countries, and none of the included studies investigated the experiences of people with disabilities, migrants, or racial minorities. This review highlights the importance of inclusive and sustainable design interventions to create happy places for all strata of society, although further investigation is warranted.
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Liu J, Li G. Comprehensive benefit evaluation on urban village micro-transformation based on extension matter-element model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2019.1569817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingkuang Liu
- Department of Construction Management, School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guokai Li
- Department of Construction Management, School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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Lauwers L, Leone M, Guyot M, Pelgrims I, Remmen R, Van den Broeck K, Keune H, Bastiaens H. Exploring how the urban neighborhood environment influences mental well-being using walking interviews. Health Place 2020; 67:102497. [PMID: 33352488 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mental well-being in cities is being challenged worldwide and a more detailed understanding of how urban environments influence mental well-being is needed. This qualitative study explores neighborhood factors and their interactions in relation to mental well-being. Individual semi-structured walking interviews were conducted with 28 adults living in the Brussels-Capital Region. This paper provides a detailed description of physical neighborhood factors (green-blue spaces, services, design and maintenance, traffic, cellphone towers) and social neighborhood factors (neighbor ties, neighbor diversity, social security) that link to mental well-being. A socio-ecological framework is presented to explain interactions among those neighborhood factors, and personal and institutional factors, in relation to mental well-being. The findings are linked to existing concepts and theories to better understand the mechanisms underlying the associations between the urban neighborhood environment and mental well-being. Finally, implications of the walking interview method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lauwers
- Centre for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Michael Leone
- Nature and Society Team, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Madeleine Guyot
- Center for Operations Research and Econometrics, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Ingrid Pelgrims
- Department of Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Roy Remmen
- Centre for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Kris Van den Broeck
- Chair Public Mental Health, Centre for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Hans Keune
- Belgian Biodiversity Platform, Nature and Society Team, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium; Chair Care and the Natural Living Environment, Centre for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Hilde Bastiaens
- Centre for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Towards the Healthy Community: Residents’ Perceptions of Integrating Urban Agriculture into the Old Community Micro-Transformation in Guangzhou, China. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12208324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the renewal of old communities, one of the development directions is to improve health and enhance well-being. A healthy community includes four aspects of health, namely, healthy production, healthy lifestyle, healthy environment and ecosystem, and healthy physical and mental states of residents living in the community. Urban agriculture (UA), as a form of the community garden, is a supplementary form for the lack of production function in the urban community. It also has the potential to contribute to sustainable and resilient urban communities. This study focuses on analysing the health benefits of UA and attempts to identify old community residents’ attitudes and perceptions towards UA and understand their confusion and worry. The purpose of this study is to promote the healthy and sustainable development of old communities by integrating UA into the micro-transformation of old communities and provide planning and design strategies and community development ideas for the micro-transformation. Surveys were conducted on 10 old communities in Yuexiu district, located in Guangzhou, China. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM Statistical SPSS version 26 to obtain information on the factor structure of residents’ perceptions towards the health benefits of UA. The analysis results showed significant differences between gender groups and the status of children on old community residents’ perceptions towards general UA benefits. The main factors accounting for old community residents’ perceptions towards the health benefits of UA were environmental health benefits, physical and psychological health benefits, and community health benefits. When developing UA in old communities, co-construction and co-sharing mode, public participation mode, and promotion mode are three important development strategies. Construction location, design style, and seasonal design are also critical for the construction of UA in old communities.
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Firth CL, Stephens ZP, Cantinotti M, Fuller D, Kestens Y, Winters M. Successes and failures of built environment interventions: Using concept mapping to assess stakeholder perspectives in four Canadian cities. Soc Sci Med 2020; 268:113383. [PMID: 32980679 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy communities can be supported through built environment interventions that redesign cities for improved health outcomes. Understanding the context of these interventions is critical for assessing how an intervention impacts population health; such context is often poorly documented. This study uses concept mapping to capture stakeholders' perspectives on the factors that influence the success and failure of built environment interventions across cities. METHODS The INTErventions, Research, and Action in Cities Team (INTERACT) research program undertook concept mapping exercises related to interventions in four Canadian cities: public bike share program (Vancouver); a cycling network (Victoria); a bus rapid transit program (Saskatoon); and interventions related to the Montreal Sustainability Plan (Montreal). Concept mapping synthesised stakeholder perceptions and Go zones were used to prioritise factors based on importance and feasibility. Resulting themes were integrated into implementation science frameworks. RESULTS Across four cities, 95 stakeholders participated. An average of 38 factors were identified in each city, resulting in 5 emerging clusters in Victoria and Montreal and 6 clusters in Vancouver and Saskatoon. Clusters covered domains of economic and political context, intervention planning, equity considerations, user experience, and stakeholder engagement. Common across all cities was the importance of stakeholder engagement. Concerns for citizen safety were prominent in Victoria, Vancouver, and Saskatoon. Interventions in Saskatoon and Vancouver were related to programs, and reliability of service and ease of use emerged. Go zones highlighted 2-5 items in each city, which can inform priority actions. CONCLUSION Our study provides stakeholders' collective thinking on the contextual factors that influence the success and failure of built environment interventions. Organising context within an implementation science framework can provide a common language to synthesise stakeholder perspectives across settings. Go zone items can inform city-specific priority actions to support a common vision around implementing built environment interventions in pursuit of designing equitable and healthy cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caislin L Firth
- Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Zoé Poirier Stephens
- Université de Montréal/Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Pavillon S, 850 Rue St-Denis, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Michael Cantinotti
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, G8Z 4M3, Canada.
| | - Daniel Fuller
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Yan Kestens
- Université de Montréal/Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Pavillon S, 850 Rue St-Denis, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Meghan Winters
- Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Franco M, Díez J, Gullón P, Margolles M, Cofiño R, Pasarín M, Borrell C. Towards a policy relevant neighborhoods and health agenda: engaging citizens, researchers, policy makers and public health professionals. SESPAS Report 2018. GACETA SANITARIA 2018; 32 Suppl 1:69-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Moore THM, Kesten JM, López-López JA, Ijaz S, McAleenan A, Richards A, Gray S, Savović J, Audrey S. The effects of changes to the built environment on the mental health and well-being of adults: Systematic review. Health Place 2018; 53:237-257. [PMID: 30196042 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the influence of place on health, and the need to distinguish between environmental and individual level factors. For environmental-level factors, current evidence tends to show associations through cross-sectional and uncontrolled longitudinal analyses rather than through more robust study designs that can provide stronger causal evidence. We restricted this systematic review to randomised (or cluster) randomised controlled trials and controlled before-and-after studies of changes to the built environment. Date of search was December 2016. We identified 14 studies. No evidence was found of an effect on mental health from 'urban regeneration' and 'improving green infrastructure' studies. Beneficial effects on quality-of-life outcomes from 'improving green infrastructure' were found in two studies. One 'improving green infrastructure' study reported an improvement in social isolation. Risk-of-bias assessment indicated robust data from only four studies. Overall, evidence for the impact of built environment interventions on mental health and quality-of-life is weak. Future research requires more robust study designs and interdisciplinary research involving public health, planning and urban design experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H M Moore
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - J M Kesten
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - J A López-López
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - S Ijaz
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - A McAleenan
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - A Richards
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - S Gray
- Department of Health and Applied Social Science, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - J Savović
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - S Audrey
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
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Malmusi D, Muntaner C, Borrell C. Social and Economic Policies Matter for Health Equity: Conclusions of the SOPHIE Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2018; 48:417-434. [PMID: 29895205 DOI: 10.1177/0020731418779954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since 2011, the SOPHIE project has accumulated evidence regarding the influence of social and economic policies on population health levels, as well as on health inequalities according to socioeconomic position, gender, and immigrant status. Through comparative analyses and evaluation case studies across Europe, SOPHIE has shown how these health inequalities vary according to contexts in macroeconomics, social protection, labor market, built environment, housing, gender equity, and immigrant integration and may be reduced by equity-oriented policies in these fields. These studies can help public health and social justice advocates to build a strong case for fairer social and economic policies that will lead to the reduction of health inequalities that most governments have included among their policy goals. In this article, we summarize the main findings and policy implications of the SOPHIE project and the lessons learned on civil society participation in research and results communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Malmusi
- 1 Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,2 CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Barceloa, Catalonia, Spain.,3 Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Carme Borrell
- 2 CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Barceloa, Catalonia, Spain.,3 Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,5 Agencia de Salut Publica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Gracia E, López-Quílez A, Marco M, Lila M. Mapping child maltreatment risk: a 12-year spatio-temporal analysis of neighborhood influences. Int J Health Geogr 2017; 16:38. [PMID: 29047364 PMCID: PMC5648468 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-017-0111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ‘Place’ matters in understanding prevalence variations and inequalities in child maltreatment risk. However, most studies examining ecological variations in child maltreatment risk fail to take into account the implications of the spatial and temporal dimensions of neighborhoods. In this study, we conduct a high-resolution small-area study to analyze the influence of neighborhood characteristics on the spatio-temporal epidemiology of child maltreatment risk. Methods We conducted a 12-year (2004–2015) small-area Bayesian spatio-temporal epidemiological study with all families with child maltreatment protection measures in the city of Valencia, Spain. As neighborhood units, we used 552 census block groups. Cases were geocoded using the family address. Neighborhood-level characteristics analyzed included three indicators of neighborhood disadvantage—neighborhood economic status, neighborhood education level, and levels of policing activity—, immigrant concentration, and residential instability. Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling and disease mapping methods were used to provide area-specific risk estimations. Results Results from a spatio-temporal autoregressive model showed that neighborhoods with low levels of economic and educational status, with high levels of policing activity, and high immigrant concentration had higher levels of substantiated child maltreatment risk. Disease mapping methods were used to analyze areas of excess risk. Results showed chronic spatial patterns of high child maltreatment risk during the years analyzed, as well as stability over time in areas of low risk. Areas with increased or decreased child maltreatment risk over the years were also observed. Conclusions A spatio-temporal epidemiological approach to study the geographical patterns, trends over time, and the contextual determinants of child maltreatment risk can provide a useful method to inform policy and action. This method can offer a more accurate description of the problem, and help to inform more localized prevention and intervention strategies. This new approach can also contribute to an improved epidemiological surveillance system to detect ecological variations in risk, and to assess the effectiveness of the initiatives to reduce this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Gracia
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio López-Quílez
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miriam Marco
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisol Lila
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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McCartney G, Hearty W, Taulbut M, Mitchell R, Dryden R, Collins C. Regeneration and health: a structured, rapid literature review. Public Health 2017; 148:69-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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The impact of urban regeneration programmes on health and health-related behaviour: Evaluation of the Dutch District Approach 6.5 years from the start. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177262. [PMID: 28486487 PMCID: PMC5423649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale regeneration programmes to improve the personal conditions and living circumstances in deprived areas may affect health and the lifestyle of the residents. Previous evaluations concluded that a large-scale urban regeneration programme in the Netherlands had some positive effects within 3.5 years. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects at the longer run. METHODS With a quasi-experimental research design we assessed changes in the prevalence of general health, mental health, physical activity, overweight, obesity, and smoking between the pre-intervention (2003-04 -mid 2008) and intervention period (mid 2008-2013-14) in 40 deprived target districts and comparably deprived control districts. We used the Difference-in-Difference (DiD) to assess programme impact. Additionally, we stratified analyses by sex and by the intensity of the regeneration programme. RESULTS Changes in health and health related behaviours from pre-intervention to the intervention period were about equally large in the target districts as in control districts. DiD impact estimates were inconsistent and not statistically significant. Sex differences in DiD estimates were not consistent or significant. Furthermore, DiD impact estimates were not consistently larger in target districts with more intensive intervention programmes. CONCLUSION We found no evidence that this Dutch urban regeneration programme had an impact in the longer run on self-reported health and related behaviour at the area level.
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Klijs B, Mendes de Leon CF, Kibele EU, Smidt N. Do social relations buffer the effect of neighborhood deprivation on health-related quality of life? Results from the LifeLines Cohort Study. Health Place 2017; 44:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Stankov I, Howard NJ, Daniel M, Cargo M. Policy, Research and Residents' Perspectives on Built Environments Implicated in Heart Disease: A Concept Mapping Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E170. [PMID: 28208786 PMCID: PMC5334724 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
An underrepresentation of stakeholder perspectives within urban health research arguably limits our understanding of what is a multi-dimensional and complex relationship between the built environment and health. By engaging a wide range of stakeholders using a participatory concept mapping approach, this study aimed to achieve a more holistic and nuanced understanding of the built environments shaping disease risk, specifically cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Moreover, this study aimed to ascertain the importance and changeability of identified environments through government action. Through the concept mapping process, community members, researchers, government and non-government stakeholders collectively identified eleven clusters encompassing 102 built environmental domains related to CMR, a number of which are underrepresented within the literature. Among the identified built environments, open space, public transportation and pedestrian environments were highlighted as key targets for policy intervention. Whilst there was substantive convergence in stakeholder groups' perspectives concerning the built environment and CMR, there were disparities in the level of importance government stakeholders and community members respectively assigned to pedestrian environments and street connectivity. These findings support the role of participatory methods in strengthening how urban health issues are understood and in affording novel insights into points of action for public health and policy intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Stankov
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Natasha J Howard
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Mark Daniel
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Margaret Cargo
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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Salvador-Piedrafita M, Malmusi D, Mehdipanah R, Rodríguez-Sanz M, Espelt A, Pérez C, Solf E, Abajo del Rincón M, Borrell C. Views on the Effects of the Spanish Dependency Law on Caregivers’ Quality of Life Using Concept Mapping. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2017; 47:233-257. [DOI: 10.1177/0020731416685494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In 2006 the Spanish Dependency Law established new rights for people in situation of dependency. The impact of the Law could have also affected the quality of life of their carers. This study aims to understand how the Law may have influenced caregivers’ quality of life through their own perceptions and those of Primary Health Care professionals, and to compare both perspectives. The study used Concept Mapping, a mixed methods technique. In total, 16 caregivers and 21 professionals participated. Both groups identified a mix of positive and negative effects. Uncertainties and delays in granting benefits were reported. However, several advantages were identified, such as the possibility of sharing the burden of care, thus reducing its physical, mental and social consequences, while at the same time being able to maintain responsibility. Most of the mechanisms identified were common to both caregivers and professionals; the most notable differences were that the latter attached more importance to economic support and less to the negative effects of implementation of the Law. This study reveals positive effects of the Law on caregivers’ quality of life and the potential for improvement of some negative aspects in its implementation related with the context of austerity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Salvador-Piedrafita
- Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Training Unit in Preventive Medicine and Public Health PSMar-UPF-ASPB, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davide Malmusi
- Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Reserach (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roshanak Mehdipanah
- Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, USA
| | - Maica Rodríguez-Sanz
- Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Reserach (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carme Borrell
- Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Reserach (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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Marín-González E, Malmusi D, Camprubí L, Borrell C. The Role of Dissemination as a Fundamental Part of a Research Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2016; 47:258-276. [PMID: 27799595 DOI: 10.1177/0020731416676227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dissemination and communication of research should be considered as an integral part of any research project. Both help in increasing the visibility of research outputs, public engagement in science and innovation, and confidence of society in research. Effective dissemination and communication are vital to ensure that the conducted research has a social, political, or economical impact. They draw attention of governments and stakeholders to research results and conclusions, enhancing their visibility, comprehension, and implementation. In the European project SOPHIE (Evaluating the Impact of Structural Policies on Health Inequalities and Their Social Determinants and Fostering Change), dissemination was an essential component of the project in order to achieve the purpose of fostering policy change based on research findings. Here we provide our experience and make some recommendations based on our learning. A strong use of online communication (website, Twitter, and Slideshare accounts), the production of informative videos, the research partnership with civil society organizations, and the organization of final concluding scientific events, among other instruments, helped to reach a large public within the scientific community, civil society, and the policy making arena and to influence the public view on the impact on health and equity of certain policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Marín-González
- 1 Agència de Salut Pùblica de Barcelona.,2 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Davide Malmusi
- 1 Agència de Salut Pùblica de Barcelona.,2 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,3 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Camprubí
- 1 Agència de Salut Pùblica de Barcelona.,2 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Borrell
- 1 Agència de Salut Pùblica de Barcelona.,2 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,3 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,4 Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Zapata Moya AR, Navarro Yáñez CJ. Impact of area regeneration policies: performing integral interventions, changing opportunity structures and reducing health inequalities. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 71:239-247. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-207080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Is it better to invest in place or people to maximize population health? Evaluation of the general health impact of urban regeneration in Dutch deprived neighbourhoods. Health Place 2016; 41:50-57. [PMID: 27544344 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the general health impact of urban regeneration programmes in deprived Dutch districts. We compared initiatives that focused on the improvement of place with initiatives that mainly invested in people. METHOD A quasi-experimental design compared the trend in good perceived general health in the target districts with comparison districts. Generalized general mixed models assessed the rate of change in prevalence of good health per half year during a prolonged period before and after the start of the interventions. RESULTS Neither the target districts that invested mainly in place nor the ones with interventions focused on people showed trends in general health different than comparison districts (p>0.05). However, only districts with interventions focused on place showed no deterioration in general health during the intervention period. The trend change in these districts differed significantly from the change in the districts that invested mainly in people (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Urban regeneration programmes that focus on place may be effective in promoting general health.
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Egan M, Lawson L, Kearns A, Conway E, Neary J. Neighbourhood demolition, relocation and health. A qualitative longitudinal study of housing-led urban regeneration in Glasgow, UK. Health Place 2015; 33:101-8. [PMID: 25814338 PMCID: PMC4463975 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a qualitative longitudinal study to explore how adult residents of disadvantaged urban neighbourhoods (Glasgow, UK) experienced neighbourhood demolition and relocation. Data from 23 households was collected in 2011 and 2012. Some participants described moves to new or improved homes in different neighbourhoods as beneficial to their and their families’ wellbeing. Others suggested that longstanding illnesses and problems with the new home and/or neighbourhood led to more negative experiences. Individual-level contextual differences, home and neighbourhood-level factors and variations in intervention implementation influence the experiences of residents involved in relocation programmes. Housing-led urban regeneration can improve social determinants of health but can also be socially disruptive. We found qualitative evidence of complex experiences during regeneration involving neighbourhood demolition and relocation. Individual, household, home and neighbourhood characteristics influence residents’ positive and negative experiences. Longstanding illness was a particular barrier to residents benefiting from improved residential environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Egan
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Louise Lawson
- Urban Studies, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ade Kearns
- Urban Studies, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Conway
- Urban Studies, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Neary
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Morrison J, Pons-Vigués M, Díez E, Pasarin MI, Salas-Nicás S, Borrell C. Perceptions and beliefs of public policymakers in a Southern European city. Int J Equity Health 2015; 14:18. [PMID: 25890326 PMCID: PMC4343064 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-015-0143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Socio-economic inequalities in health are large in urban areas; however, local municipal governments may plan, manage and provide services and policies which can reduce these. The objective of this study was to describe the beliefs and perceptions of public policymakers in a European city, Barcelona. They are the key actors in designing and implementing urban public policies. Methods A qualitative research study describing policymakers’ beliefs on health inequalities. The study population were twelve policymakers. These were politicians or officers from the city council. Informant profiles were selected using a theoretical sample. Semi-structured individual interviews were performed to collect the data and a thematic content analysis was carried out. Results Politicians were aware of health inequalities in their city and identified diverse social causes. They viewed reducing inequalities as a priority for the city’s government. Officers were less knowledgeable and described less efforts in addressing health inequalities. It was stated by some that reducing inequalities in non-health sectors helped to reduce health inequalities indirectly and there was some collaboration between two sectors. The most frequent barriers encountered when implementing policies were funding and the cities’ limited authority. Conclusions Officers and policymakers had different levels of awareness and access to information on health and its socials determinants. Officers referred to specific causes of health inequalities and policies which related to their sectors and politicians were more familiar with upstream determinants and policies. Some participants explained that policies and programmes needed to be evaluated and very little intersectoral action was said to be carried out. More efforts should be made to provide all policymakers with information on the social determinants of health inequalities. Research on health inequalities and policy should engage with policymakers and promote health as a cross cutting issue in the city council in liaison with the third sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Morrison
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK. .,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. .,Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mariona Pons-Vigués
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Elia Díez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. .,Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Isabel Pasarin
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. .,Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Carme Borrell
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. .,Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Mehdipanah R, Manzano A, Borrell C, Malmusi D, Rodriguez-Sanz M, Greenhalgh J, Muntaner C, Pawson R. Exploring complex causal pathways between urban renewal, health and health inequality using a theory-driven realist approach. Soc Sci Med 2014; 124:266-74. [PMID: 25486624 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urban populations are growing and to accommodate these numbers, cities are becoming more involved in urban renewal programs to improve the physical, social and economic conditions in different areas. This paper explores some of the complexities surrounding the link between urban renewal, health and health inequalities using a theory-driven approach. METHODS We focus on an urban renewal initiative implemented in Barcelona, the Neighbourhoods Law, targeting Barcelona's (Spain) most deprived neighbourhoods. We present evidence from two studies on the health evaluation of the Neighbourhoods Law, while drawing from recent urban renewal literature, to follow a four-step process to develop a program theory. We then use two specific urban renewal interventions, the construction of a large central plaza and the repair of streets and sidewalks, to further examine this link. DISCUSSION In order for urban renewal programs to affect health and health inequality, neighbours must use and adapt to the changes produced by the intervention. However, there exist barriers that can result in negative outcomes including factors such as accessibility, safety and security. CONCLUSION This paper provides a different perspective to the field that is largely dominated by traditional quantitative studies that are not always able to address the complexities such interventions provide. Furthermore, the framework and discussions serve as a guide for future research, policy development and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Mehdipanah
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana Manzano
- School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Carme Borrell
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Davide Malmusi
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Maica Rodriguez-Sanz
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Carles Muntaner
- Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ray Pawson
- School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Leeds, UK
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Ortiz-Hernández L, Janssen I. Social disorder, physical activity and adiposity in Mexican adults: Evidence from a longitudinal study. Health Place 2014; 30:13-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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The association between neighborhood residential rehabilitation and injection drug use in Baltimore, Maryland, 2000-2011. Health Place 2014; 28:142-9. [PMID: 24840154 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study utilized multilevel cross-classified models to longitudinally assess the association between neighborhood residential rehabilitation and injection drug use. We also assessed whether relocating between neighborhoods of varying levels of residential rehabilitation was associated with injection drug use. Residential rehabilitation was categorized into three groups (e.g. low, moderate, high), and lagged one visit to ensure temporality. After adjusting for neighborhood and individual-level factors, residence in a neighborhood with moderate residential rehabilitation was associated with a 23% reduction in injection drug use [AOR=0.77; 95% CI (0.67,0.87)]; residence in a neighborhood with high residential rehabilitation was associated with a 26% reduction in injection drug use [AOR=0.74; 95% CI (0.61,0.91)]. Continuous residence within neighborhoods with moderate/high rehabilitation, and relocating to neighborhoods with moderate/high rehabilitation, were associated with a lower likelihood of injection drug use. Additional studies are needed to understand the mechanisms behind these relationships.
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Mehdipanah R, Rodríguez-Sanz M, Malmusi D, Muntaner C, Díez E, Bartoll X, Borrell C. The effects of an urban renewal project on health and health inequalities: a quasi-experimental study in Barcelona. J Epidemiol Community Health 2014; 68:811-7. [PMID: 24803086 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decade, the Neighbourhoods Law in Catalonia (Spain) funded municipalities that presented urban renewal projects within disadvantaged neighbourhoods focusing on physical, social and economic improvements. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of this law on the health and health inequalities of residents in the intervened neighbourhoods in the city of Barcelona. METHODS A quasi-experimental predesign and postdesign was used to compare adult residents in five intervened neighbourhoods with eight non-intervened comparison neighbourhoods with similar socioeconomic characteristics. The Barcelona Health Survey was used for studying self-rated and mental health in pre (2001, 2006) and post (2011) years. Poisson regression models stratified by sex were used to compute prevalence ratios comparing 2011 with 2006, and later stratified by social class, to study health inequalities. RESULTS The intervened neighbourhoods had a significant decrease in poor self-rated health in both sexes while no significant changes occurred in the comparison group. When stratified by social class, a significant improvement was observed in poor self-rated health in the manual group of the intervened neighbourhoods in both sexes, resulting in a decrease in self-rated health inequalities. Similar results were observed in poor mental health of women, while in men, poor mental health worsens in both neighbourhood groups but mostly in the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS The Neighbourhoods Law had a positive effect on self-rated health and seems to prevent poor mental health increases in both sexes and especially among manual social classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Mehdipanah
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maica Rodríguez-Sanz
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davide Malmusi
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Muntaner
- Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada Department of Health Care Management, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Elia Díez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Bartoll
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Borrell
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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