1
|
Libuy N, Church D, Ploubidis G, Fitzsimons E. Fast food proximity and weight gain in childhood and adolescence: Evidence from Great Britain. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2024; 33:449-465. [PMID: 37971895 PMCID: PMC10952272 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
We study the relationship between proximity to fast food restaurants and weight gain from late childhood to early adolescence. We use the Millennium Cohort Study, a UK-wide nationally representative longitudinal study, linked with granular geocoded food outlet data to measure the presence of fast food outlets around children's homes and schools from ages 7 to 14. We find that proximity to fast food outlets is associated with increased weight (body mass index, overweight, obese, body fat, weight), but only among those with maternal education below degree level. Within this sample, those with lower levels of emotional regulation are at heightened risk of weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Libuy
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, UCLLondonUK
| | - David Church
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, UCLLondonUK
| | - George Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, UCLLondonUK
| | - Emla Fitzsimons
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, UCLLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Williams BD, Sisson SB, Lowery BC, Dev DA, Horm DM, Campbell JE, Finneran DA, Graef-Downard J. Relationships between proximity to grocery stores and Oklahoma Early Care and Education classroom nutrition practices. Prev Med Rep 2022; 29:101917. [PMID: 35935450 PMCID: PMC9352449 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The study purpose was to determine associations between proximity to grocery stores and Early Care and Education programs' (i.e., ECEs) classroom nutrition practices and barriers, by ECE context (Head Start, community-based childcare [CBC], and family child care homes [FCCHs]). A statewide cross-sectional survey was implemented in Oklahoma ECEs. Directors reported classroom nutrition practices with the Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment tool, and barriers to implementation. Locations of 457 grocery stores statewide were determined by in-person audit. Geocoded ECEs were considered within a "low proximity" area if no grocery stores were available within a 0.25-mile radius for urban, or 10-mile radius for rural, ECEs. From November 2019 to February 2020, 54 Head Starts, 159 CBCs, and 160 FCCHs participated. 31.0 % were considered as low proximity. Head Starts demonstrated the highest classroom nutrition scores for mealtime practices, and nutrition education and policy. While proximity to grocery stores was not related to classroom nutrition practices for any ECE context (p > 0.05), FCCHs located within a low proximity area reported barriers to implementing those practices more often compared to FCCHs in an area within accessible proximity of grocery store. Thus, proximity to grocery stores was related to barriers in FCCHs only; those provider's experiences and perceptions may be most susceptible to influence of the community nutrition environment, compared to other ECE contexts. Contrary to studies in residential areas and schools, nutrition environments were not related to nutrition practices in ECEs. ECEs may serve as protective micro-environments supporting health for children residing in nearby low-access communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany D. Williams
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73114, USA,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, 412 E Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA 99202, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd, Rm. 415, USA.
| | - Susan B. Sisson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73114, USA
| | - Bryce C. Lowery
- Department of Regional and City Planning, Gibbs College of Architecture, University of Oklahoma, 830 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Dipti A. Dev
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Louise Pound Hall, 512 N 12th St, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Diane M. Horm
- Early Childhood Education Institute, University of Oklahoma-Tulsa, 4502 E. 41st St., Tulsa, OK 74135, USA
| | - Janis E. Campbell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Denise A. Finneran
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73114, USA
| | - Jennifer Graef-Downard
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Braun LM, Ward D, Hales D, Vaughn A, Erinosho T. Food Outlet Density, Distance, and Food Quality Offered to Preschool-Aged Children at Family Child Care Homes. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:109-117. [PMID: 34922836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how food environments around family child care homes (FCCHs) are associated with the healthfulness of foods served to children. DESIGN Cross-sectional data from a mail survey of FCCH providers, InfoUSA. PARTICIPANTS The study included 132 Mississippi FCCHs (26% response). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Dependent: compliance with nutrition best practices for 9 food categories; composite healthfulness score. Independent: counts of supermarkets, small-medium grocery stores, produce stores, convenience stores within 5 miles; distance to supermarket. ANALYSIS Logistic regression estimated associations between best-practice compliance and food environment. Linear regression estimated associations between composite food healthfulness and food environment. Models stratified by rural/urban location. RESULTS Rural FCCHs with higher counts of supermarkets, convenience stores, and produce stores had lower compliance with selected best practices (fried/prefried potatoes, high-sugar/high-fat foods). Urban FCCHs with more supermarkets had higher compliance with fruit not canned in syrup; those with more small-medium grocery stores and convenience stores had lower compliance with selected best practices (fried/prefried potatoes, vegetables, low-fat meats). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Food environment measures were associated with some nutrition best practices, though not consistently in the expected direction. Future research could examine food quality at stores near rural FCCHs. Programs that improve local food environments may improve foods served at FCCHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Braun
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL.
| | - Dianne Ward
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Derek Hales
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Amber Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dr Vaughn was formerly with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (now retired)
| | - Temitope Erinosho
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wilkins E, Morris M, Radley D, Griffiths C. Methods of measuring associations between the Retail Food Environment and weight status: Importance of classifications and metrics. SSM Popul Health 2019; 8:100404. [PMID: 31245526 PMCID: PMC6582068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable research, evidence supporting associations between the 'Retail Food Environment' (RFE) and obesity remains mixed. Differences in the methods used to measure the RFE may explain this heterogeneity. Using data on a large (n = 10,111) sample of adults from the Yorkshire Health Study (UK), we modelled cross-sectional associations between the RFE and weight status using (i) multiple definitions of 'Fast Food', 'Convenience' and 'Supermarkets' and (ii) multiple RFE metrics, identified in a prior systematic review to be common in the literature. Both the choice of outlet definition and the choice of RFE metric substantively impacted observed associations with weight status. Findings differed in relation to statistical significance, effect sizes, and directions of association. This study provides novel evidence that the diversity of RFE measurement methods is contributing to heterogeneous study findings and conflicting policy messages. Greater attention is needed when selecting and communicating RFE measures in research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wilkins
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Michelle Morris
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Duncan Radley
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Local Retail Food Environment and Consumption of Fruit and Vegetable among Adults in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102247. [PMID: 30322198 PMCID: PMC6210243 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Outside of western countries, the study of the local food environment and evidence for its association with dietary behavior is limited. The aim of this paper was to examine the association between the local retail food environment and consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV) among adults in Hong Kong. Local retail food environment was measured by density of different types of retail food outlets (grocery stores, convenience stores, and fast food restaurants) within a 1000 m Euclidean buffer around individual's homes using a geographic information system (GIS). The Retail Food Environment Index (RFEI) was calculated based on the relative density of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores to grocery stores. Logistic regressions were performed to examine associations using cross-sectional data of 1977 adults (18 years or older). Overall, people living in an area with the highest RFEI (Q4, >5.76) had significantly greater odds of infrequent FV consumption (<7 days/week) after covariates adjustment (infrequent fruit consumption: OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.04⁻1.78; infrequent vegetable consumption: OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.11⁻2.68) in comparison to the lowest RFEI (Q1, <2.25). Highest density of fast food restaurants (Q4, >53) was also significantly associated with greater odds of infrequent fruit consumption (<7 days/week) (unadjusted model: OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.04⁻1.73), relative to lowest density of fast food restaurants (Q1, <13). No significant association of density of grocery stores or convenience stores was observed with infrequent FV consumption regardless of the covariates included in the model. Our results suggest that the ratio of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores to grocery stores near people's home is an important environmental factor in meeting fruit and vegetable consumption guidelines. "Food swamps" (areas with an abundance of unhealthy foods) rather than "food deserts" (areas where there is limited access to healthy foods) seems to be more of a problem in Hong Kong's urban areas. We advanced international literature by providing evidence in a non-western setting.
Collapse
|