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Scotti F, Flori A, Bonaccorsi G, Pammolli F. Do We Learn From Errors? The Economic Impact of Differentiated Policy
Restrictions in Italy. INTERNATIONAL REGIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023:01600176231168027. [PMCID: PMC10107071 DOI: 10.1177/01600176231168027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the economic impact of the three tiers risk framework
implemented in Italy against the COVID-19 pandemic during the Autumn of 2020.
Exploiting a large-scale dataset encompassing daily credit card transactions
mediated by a large Italian bank, we estimate a set of panel event study models
to disentangle the impact of restrictions with low, medium and high stringency
levels in terms of consumption reduction. We show that space-time differentiated
policies tend to produce stronger welfare losses for progressively more
stringent restrictions in specific sectors targeted by these policies such as
Retail and Restaurants. However, when we compare provinces implementing the same
level of policy stringency, we show that territories with higher income per
capita and larger concentration of manufacturing and service activities
experience both significantly worse economic and epidemiological performances.
Overall, our results suggest that policy makers should properly account for
local socio-economic characteristics when designing tailored restrictions
entailing an equal and homogeneous impact across territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Scotti
- Impact, Department of Management,
Economics and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Flori
- Impact, Department of Management,
Economics and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bonaccorsi
- Impact, Department of Management,
Economics and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Pammolli
- Impact, Department of Management,
Economics and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Marston HR, Ko PC, Girishan Prabhu V, Freeman S, Ross C, Sharaievska I, Browning MH, Earle S, Ivan L, Kanozia R, Öztürk Çalıkoğlu H, Arslan H, Bilir-Koca B, Alexandra Silva P, Buttigieg SC, Großschädl F, Schüttengruber G. Digital Practices by Citizens During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From an International Multisite Study. JMIR Ment Health 2023; 10:e41304. [PMID: 36877558 PMCID: PMC9994468 DOI: 10.2196/41304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic brought digital practices and engagement to the forefront of society, which were based on behavioral changes associated with adhering to different government mandates. Further behavioral changes included transitioning from working in the office to working from home, with the use of various social media and communication platforms to maintain a level of social connectedness, especially given that many people who were living in different types of communities, such as rural, urban, and city spaces, were socially isolated from friends, family members, and community groups. Although there is a growing body of research exploring how technology is being used by people, there is limited information and insight about the digital practices employed across different age cohorts living in different physical spaces and residing in different countries. OBJECTIVE This paper presents the findings from an international multisite study exploring the impact of social media and the internet on the health and well-being of individuals in different countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data were collected via a series of online surveys deployed between April 4, 2020, and September 30, 2021. The age of respondents varied from 18 years to over 60 years across the 3 regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. On exploring the associations of technology use, social connectedness, and sociodemographic factors with loneliness and well-being through bivariate and multivariate analyses, significant differences were observed. RESULTS The levels of loneliness were higher among respondents who used social media messengers or many social media apps than among those who did not use social media messengers or used ≤1 social media app. Additionally, the levels of loneliness were higher among respondents who were not members of an online community support group than among those who were members of an online community support group. Psychological well-being was significantly lower and loneliness was significantly higher among people living in small towns and rural areas than among those living in suburban and urban communities. Younger respondents (18-29 years old), single adults, unemployed individuals, and those with lower levels of education were more likely to experience loneliness. CONCLUSIONS From an international and interdisciplinary perspective, policymakers and stakeholders should extend and explore interventions targeting loneliness experienced by single young adults and further examine how this may vary across geographies. The study findings have implications across the fields of gerontechnology, health sciences, social sciences, media communication, computers, and information technology. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.3389/fsoc.2020.574811.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ramsden Marston
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Pei-Chun Ko
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Shannon Freeman
- School of Nursing, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher Ross
- School of Nursing, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Iryna Sharaievska
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Matthew Hem Browning
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Sarah Earle
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Loredana Ivan
- Communication Department, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rubal Kanozia
- Department of Mass Communication and Media Studies, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Hasan Arslan
- Department of Educational Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Burcu Bilir-Koca
- Department of Educational Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Paula Alexandra Silva
- Department of Informatics Engineering, Center for Informatics and Systems at the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra C Buttigieg
- Department of Health Systems Management and Leadership, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Franziska Großschädl
- Institute of Nursing Science and Age and Care Research Group, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhilde Schüttengruber
- Institute of Nursing Science and Age and Care Research Group, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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Nazia N, Law J, Butt ZA. Modelling the spatiotemporal spread of COVID-19 outbreaks and prioritization of the risk areas in Toronto, Canada. Health Place 2023; 80:102988. [PMID: 36791508 PMCID: PMC9922578 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.102988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Modelling the spatiotemporal spread of a highly transmissible disease is challenging. We developed a novel spatiotemporal spread model, and the neighbourhood-level data of COVID-19 in Toronto was fitted into the model to visualize the spread of the disease in the study area within two weeks of the onset of first outbreaks from index neighbourhood to its first-order neighbourhoods (called dispersed neighbourhoods). We also model the data to classify hotspots based on the overall incidence rate and persistence of the cases during the study period. The spatiotemporal spread model shows that the disease spread to 1-4 neighbourhoods bordering the index neighbourhood within two weeks. Some dispersed neighbourhoods became index neighbourhoods and further spread the disease to their nearby neighbourhoods. Most of the sources of infection in the dispersed neighbourhood were households and communities (49%), and after excluding the healthcare institutions (40%), it becomes 82%, suggesting the expansion of transmission was from close contacts. The classification of hotspots informs high-priority areas concentrated in the northwestern and northeastern parts of Toronto. The spatiotemporal spread model along with the hotspot classification approach, could be useful for a deeper understanding of spatiotemporal dynamics of infectious diseases and planning for an effective mitigation strategy where local-level spatially enabled data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nushrat Nazia
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada.
| | - Jane Law
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada; School of Planning, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada.
| | - Zahid Ahmad Butt
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada.
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