1
|
Moro C, Phelps C. Encouraging Study in Health Sciences: Informing School Students Through Interprofessional Healthcare Simulations. Simul Healthc 2024; 19:144-150. [PMID: 37255339 DOI: 10.1097/sih.0000000000000732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although commonly considered postgraduate-level study, universities are increasingly providing options for direct undergraduate entry into health professional programs. This presents a need to inform high school students about the wide variety of careers available in the medical and allied health professions. METHODS To accomplish this, the developed "Health Simulation Experience" uses a case-based learning approach to introduce high school students to careers in health through the management and care of simulated patients. Participants worked through 3 simulated scenarios during the 1-day event and reported their perceptions on written feedback forms at the conclusion. A qualitative research approach was used to identify whether the simulation-based structure was an appropriate approach to assist with enhancing their understanding of career options within the primary and allied healthcare systems. RESULTS Of the 528 student attendees who engaged with the program between 2018-2022, 333 provided ratings of their experience (94% overall satisfaction) and written feedback. From qualitative analysis of written comments, the following 3 key themes emerged: the approach provided insights into health professions careers; they enjoyed the authentic and immersive approach to learning; and the event developed an understanding of commonly performed clinical skills. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the use of case-based learning with interprofessional hands-on experiences is an effective approach to introduce students to future study options and career pathways in primary and allied health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Moro
- From the Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mori Y, Seguchi M, Iio Y, Aoyama Y, Tanaka M, Kozai H, Ito M. Factors Influencing Willingness to Undergo Lung Cancer Screening in the Future: A Cross-Sectional Study of Japanese University Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:849. [PMID: 38667611 PMCID: PMC11050173 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12080849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is currently the leading cause of cancer deaths in Japan. Early detection through lung cancer screening (LCS) is important for reducing mortality. Therefore, exploring the factors affecting willingness to undergo LCS, particularly among young people, is important. This study aimed to elucidate the inclination toward LCS and its determining factors among Japanese university students. This cross-sectional study, involving 10,969 Japanese university students, was conducted in April 2023. A Pearson's chi-square test and a binomial logistic regression analysis were used to analyze factors related to the dependent variable, willingness to undergo LCS in the future. Out of the 6779 participants (61.8%) involved in this study, 6504 (95.9%) provided valid responses, and 4609 (70.9%) expressed a willingness to undergo LCS in the future. Analysis revealed current smoking as a barrier to future willingness to undergo LCS. Other barriers included postponing the age of screening, anxiety about the screening content, and concerns about the possibility of having cancer after screening. Addressing barriers, such as current smoking and anxiety about screening, that prevent young people from undergoing LCS in the future is crucial. Therefore, universities should provide opportunities to educate students about LCS and explore various educational methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Mori
- Department of Nursing, College of Life and Health Science, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan;
| | - Manato Seguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.I.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yoko Iio
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.I.); (Y.A.)
- Department of Lifelong Sports and Health Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuka Aoyama
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.I.); (Y.A.)
- Department of Clinical Engineering, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (M.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Hana Kozai
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (M.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Morihiro Ito
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.I.); (Y.A.)
- Department of Lifelong Sports and Health Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lam S, Bai C, Baldwin DR, Chen Y, Connolly C, de Koning H, Heuvelmans MA, Hu P, Kazerooni EA, Lancaster HL, Langs G, McWilliams A, Osarogiagbon RU, Oudkerk M, Peters M, Robbins HA, Sahar L, Smith RA, Triphuridet N, Field J. Current and Future Perspectives on Computed Tomography Screening for Lung Cancer: A Roadmap From 2023 to 2027 From the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2024; 19:36-51. [PMID: 37487906 PMCID: PMC11253723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer substantially reduces mortality from lung cancer, as revealed in randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses. This review is based on the ninth CT screening symposium of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, which focuses on the major themes pertinent to the successful global implementation of LDCT screening and develops a strategy to further the implementation of lung cancer screening globally. These recommendations provide a 5-year roadmap to advance the implementation of LDCT screening globally, including the following: (1) establish universal screening program quality indicators; (2) establish evidence-based criteria to identify individuals who have never smoked but are at high-risk of developing lung cancer; (3) develop recommendations for incidentally detected lung nodule tracking and management protocols to complement programmatic lung cancer screening; (4) Integrate artificial intelligence and biomarkers to increase the prediction of malignancy in suspicious CT screen-detected lesions; and (5) standardize high-quality performance artificial intelligence protocols that lead to substantial reductions in costs, resource utilization and radiologist reporting time; (6) personalize CT screening intervals on the basis of an individual's lung cancer risk; (7) develop evidence to support clinical management and cost-effectiveness of other identified abnormalities on a lung cancer screening CT; (8) develop publicly accessible, easy-to-use geospatial tools to plan and monitor equitable access to screening services; and (9) establish a global shared education resource for lung cancer screening CT to ensure high-quality reading and reporting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute and Chinese Alliance Against Cancer, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - David R Baldwin
- Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Services (NHS) Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Chen
- Digital Screening, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Casey Connolly
- International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, Denver, Colorado
| | - Harry de Koning
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein A Heuvelmans
- University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; The Institute for Diagnostic Accuracy, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ping Hu
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ella A Kazerooni
- Division of Cardiothoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Harriet L Lancaster
- University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; The Institute for Diagnostic Accuracy, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Langs
- Computational Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette McWilliams
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Australia University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia
| | | | - Matthijs Oudkerk
- Center for Medical Imaging and The Institute for Diagnostic Accuracy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Peters
- Woolcock Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hilary A Robbins
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Liora Sahar
- Data Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert A Smith
- Early Cancer Detection Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - John Field
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nash J, Brims F. International standards of care in thoracic oncology: A narrative review of clinical quality indicators. Lung Cancer 2023; 186:107421. [PMID: 37988782 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Unwarranted variations in lung cancer care are widely described. Clinical Quality Indicators (CQIs) enable the systematic identification and alleviation of variations in care and other evidence-practice gaps. The aim of this review was to describe and evaluate lung cancer CQIs utilised internationally, in order to provide a substrate for the development of Australasian lung cancer CQIs and future quality improvement initiatives. A literature search was performed to identify relevant publications; references were excluded if they did not explicitly define original lung cancer-specific quality indicators, or were review or opinion articles. Ultimately, 48 publications containing 661 individual CQIs were evaluated. Although almost all references were published in the last decade, CQIs did not always reflect contemporary standards of care. For example, there were just sixteen CQIs regarding biomarker profiling, eleven CQIs regarding multidisciplinary team review, and three clinical trial enrolment CQIs. Of 307 lung cancer treatment CQIs, almost half (137) pertain to surgical resection; a treatment option available to a minority of lung cancer patients. Consumer engagement during indicator development was uncommon. In conclusion, whilst CQIs are widely measured and reported, they are not always consistent with evidence-based practice, nor do they reliably support the holistic evaluation of the lung cancer care continuum. Moving forward, Australia and New Zealand must adopt a unified, evidence-based and patient-centred approach to drive meaningful improvements in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Nash
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Fraser Brims
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Poon C, Wilsdon T, Sarwar I, Roediger A, Yuan M. Why is the screening rate in lung cancer still low? A seven-country analysis of the factors affecting adoption. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1264342. [PMID: 38026274 PMCID: PMC10666168 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1264342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence of lung cancer screening's effectiveness in mortality reduction, as demonstrated in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) in the US and the Dutch-Belgian Randomized Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NELSON), has prompted countries to implement formal lung cancer screening programs. However, adoption rates remain largely low. This study aims to understand how lung cancer screening programs are currently performing. It also identifies the barriers and enablers contributing to adoption of lung cancer screening across 10 case study countries: Canada, China, Croatia, Japan, Poland, South Korea and the United States. Adoption rates vary significantly across studied countries. We find five main factors impacting adoption: (1) political prioritization of lung cancer (2) financial incentives/cost sharing and hidden ancillary costs (3) infrastructure to support provision of screening services (4) awareness around lung cancer screening and risk factors and (5) cultural views and stigma around lung cancer. Although these factors have application across the countries, the weighting of each factor on driving or hindering adoption varies by country. The five areas set out by this research should be factored into policy making and implementation to maximize effectiveness and outreach of lung cancer screening programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Wilsdon
- Charles River Associates, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iqra Sarwar
- Charles River Associates, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Megan Yuan
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Freire T, Landeira M, Giacomini C, Festari MF, Pittini Á, Cardozo V, Brosque A, Monin L, da Costa V, Faral-Tello P, Robello C, Osinaga E. Trypanosoma cruzi-Derived Molecules Induce Anti-Tumour Protection by Favouring Both Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315032. [PMID: 36499361 PMCID: PMC9739173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Thus, the development of strategies against this type of cancer is of high value. Parasite infections can correlate with lower cancer incidence in humans and their use as vaccines has been recently explored in preclinical models. In this study, we investigated whether immunisations with a Trypanosoma cruzi lysate from epimastigotes protect from lung tumour growth in mice. We also explore the role of parasite glycans in the induction of the protective immune response. A pre-clinical murine cancer model using the lung tumour cell line LL/2 was used to evaluate the anti-tumour potential, both in preventive and therapeutic settings, of a T. cruzi epimastigote-derived protein lysate. Immunisation with the parasite lysate prevents tumour growth and induces both humoral and cellular anti-tumour immune responses to LL-2 cancer cells. The induced immunity and tumour protection were associated with the activation of natural killer (NK) cells, the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumour cell cytotoxicity. We also show that mannose residues in the T. cruzi lysate induce Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling. The evaluated T. cruzi lysate possesses anti-tumour properties likely by activating innate and adaptive immunity in a process where carbohydrates seem to be essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Freire
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Vacunas, Departamento Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Mercedes Landeira
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Vacunas, Departamento Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Giacomini
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - María Florencia Festari
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Vacunas, Departamento Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Álvaro Pittini
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Viviana Cardozo
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Alina Brosque
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Monin
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Valeria da Costa
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Vacunas, Departamento Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Paula Faral-Tello
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Hospedero-Patógeno, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Robello
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Hospedero-Patógeno, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (E.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
How Can the EU Beating Cancer Plan Help in Tackling Lung Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Breast Cancer and Melanoma? Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091618. [PMID: 36141230 PMCID: PMC9498919 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in EU countries, and the needs to tackle cancer are obvious. New scientific understanding, techniques and methodologies are opening up horizons for significant improvements in diagnosis and care. However, take-up is uneven, research needs and potential outstrip currently available resources, manifestly beneficial practices—such as population-level screening for lung cancer—are still not generalised, and the quality of life of patients and survivors is only beginning to be given attention it merits. This paper, mainly based on a series of multistakeholder expert workshops organised by the European Alliance for Personalised Medicine (EAPM), looks at some of those specifics in the interest of planning a way forward. Part of this exercise also involves taking account of the specific nature of Europe and its constituent countries, where the complexities of planning a way forward are redoubled by the wide variations in national and regional approaches to cancer, local epidemiology and the wide disparities in health systems. Despite all the differences between cancers and national and regional resources and approaches to cancer care, there is a common objective in pursuing broader and more equal access to the best available care for all European citizens.
Collapse
|