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Mohseni-Dargah M, Falahati Z, Pastras C, Khajeh K, Mukherjee P, Razmjou A, Stefani S, Asadnia M. Meniere's disease: Pathogenesis, treatments, and emerging approaches for an idiopathic bioenvironmental disorder. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:116972. [PMID: 37648189 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Meniere's disease (MD) is a severe inner ear condition known by debilitating symptoms, including spontaneous vertigo, fluctuating and progressive hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness or pressure within the affected ear. Prosper Meniere first described the origins of MD in the 1860s, but its underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive today. Nevertheless, researchers have identified a key histopathological feature called Endolymphatic Hydrops (ELH), which refers to the excessive buildup of endolymph fluid in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The exact root of ELH is not fully understood. Still, it is believed to involve several biological and bioenvironmental etiological factors such as genetics, autoimmunity, infection, trauma, allergy, and new theories, such as saccular otoconia blocking the endolymphatic duct and sac. Regarding treatment, there are no reliable and definitive cures for MD. Most therapies focus on managing symptoms and improving the overall quality of patients' life. To make significant advancements in addressing MD, it is crucial to gain a fundamental understanding of the disease process, laying the groundwork for more effective therapeutic approaches. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology of MD with a focus on old and recent theories. Current treatment strategies and future translational approaches (with low-level evidence but promising results) related to MD are also discussed, including patents, drug delivery, and nanotechnology, that may provide future benefits to patients suffering from MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Mohseni-Dargah
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Falahati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Christopher Pastras
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; The Meniere's Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payal Mukherjee
- RPA Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amir Razmjou
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Sebastian Stefani
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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2
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Pisani A, Paciello F, Del Vecchio V, Malesci R, De Corso E, Cantone E, Fetoni AR. The Role of BDNF as a Biomarker in Cognitive and Sensory Neurodegeneration. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040652. [PMID: 37109038 PMCID: PMC10140880 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a crucial function in the central nervous system and in sensory structures including olfactory and auditory systems. Many studies have highlighted the protective effects of BDNF in the brain, showing how it can promote neuronal growth and survival and modulate synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, conflicting data about BDNF expression and functions in the cochlear and in olfactory structures have been reported. Several clinical and experimental research studies showed alterations in BDNF levels in neurodegenerative diseases affecting the central and peripheral nervous system, suggesting that BDNF can be a promising biomarker in most neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, shearing loss, or olfactory impairment. Here, we summarize current research concerning BDNF functions in brain and in sensory domains (olfaction and hearing), focusing on the effects of the BDNF/TrkB signalling pathway activation in both physiological and pathological conditions. Finally, we review significant studies highlighting the possibility to target BDNF as a biomarker in early diagnosis of sensory and cognitive neurodegeneration, opening new opportunities to develop effective therapeutic strategies aimed to counteract neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pisani
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paciello
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Del Vecchio
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry-Audiology Section, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Malesci
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry-Audiology Section, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio De Corso
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Cantone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry-ENT Section, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Fetoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry-Audiology Section, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Closing the Gap between the Auditory Nerve and Cochlear Implant Electrodes: Which Neurotrophin Cocktail Performs Best for Axonal Outgrowth and Is Electrical Stimulation Beneficial? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032013. [PMID: 36768339 PMCID: PMC9916558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins promote neurite outgrowth of auditory neurons and may help closing the gap to cochlear implant (CI) electrodes to enhance electrical hearing. The best concentrations and mix of neurotrophins for this nerve regrowth are unknown. Whether electrical stimulation (ES) during outgrowth is beneficial or may direct axons is another open question. Auditory neuron explant cultures of distinct cochlear turns of 6-7 days old mice were cultured for four days. We tested different concentrations and combinations of BDNF and NT-3 and quantified the numbers and lengths of neurites with an advanced automated analysis. A custom-made 24-well electrical stimulator based on two bulk CIs served to test different ES strategies. Quantification of receptors trkB, trkC, p75NTR, and histological analysis helped to analyze effects. We found 25 ng/mL BDNF to perform best, especially in basal neurons, a negative influence of NT-3 in combined BDNF/NT-3 scenarios, and tonotopic changes in trk and p75NTR receptor stainings. ES largely impeded neurite outgrowth and glia ensheathment in an amplitude-dependent way. Apical neurons showed slight benefits in neurite numbers and length with ES at 10 and 500 µA. We recommend BDNF as a potent drug to enhance the man-machine interface, but CIs should be better activated after nerve regrowth.
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Rahman MT, Chari DA, Ishiyama G, Lopez I, Quesnel AM, Ishiyama A, Nadol JB, Hansen MR. Cochlear implants: Causes, effects and mitigation strategies for the foreign body response and inflammation. Hear Res 2022; 422:108536. [PMID: 35709579 PMCID: PMC9684357 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cochlear implants provide effective auditory rehabilitation for patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Recent advances in cochlear implant technology and surgical approaches have enabled a greater number of patients to benefit from this technology, including those with significant residual low frequency acoustic hearing. Nearly all cochleae implanted with a cochlear implant electrode array develop an inflammatory and fibrotic response. This tissue reaction can have deleterious consequences for implant function, residual acoustic hearing, and the development of the next generation of cochlear prosthetics. This article reviews the current understanding of the inflammatory/foreign body response (FBR) after cochlear implant surgery, its impact on clinical outcome, and therapeutic strategies to mitigate this response. Findings from both in human subjects and animal models across a variety of species are highlighted. Electrode array design, surgical techniques, implant materials, and the degree and type of electrical stimulation are some critical factors that affect the FBR and inflammation. Modification of these factors and various anti-inflammatory pharmacological interventions have been shown to mitigate the inflammatory/FBR response. Ongoing and future approaches that seek to limit surgical trauma and curb the FBR to the implanted biomaterials of the electrode array are discussed. A better understanding of the anatomical, cellular and molecular basis of the inflammatory/FBR response after cochlear implantation has the potential to improve the outcome of current cochlear implants and also facilitate the development of the next generation of neural prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad T Rahman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Divya A Chari
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gail Ishiyama
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, LA, USA
| | - Ivan Lopez
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, LA, USA
| | - Alicia M Quesnel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akira Ishiyama
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, LA, USA
| | - Joseph B Nadol
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marlan R Hansen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Current Concepts and Future Trends in Increasing the Benefits of Cochlear Implantation: A Narrative Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58060747. [PMID: 35744010 PMCID: PMC9229893 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common neurosensory disorder, and with the constant increase in etiological factors, combined with early detection protocols, numbers will continue to rise. Cochlear implantation has become the gold standard for patients with severe hearing loss, and interest has shifted from implantation principles to the preservation of residual hearing following the procedure itself. As the audiological criteria for cochlear implant eligibility have expanded to include patients with good residual hearing, more attention is focused on complementary development of otoprotective agents, electrode design, and surgical approaches. The focus of this review is current aspects of preserving residual hearing through a summary of recent trends regarding surgical and pharmacological fundamentals. Subsequently, the assessment of new pharmacological options, novel bioactive molecules (neurotrophins, growth factors, etc.), nanoparticles, stem cells, and gene therapy are discussed.
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Wille I, Harre J, Oehmichen S, Lindemann M, Menzel H, Ehlert N, Lenarz T, Warnecke A, Behrens P. Development of Neuronal Guidance Fibers for Stimulating Electrodes: Basic Construction and Delivery of a Growth Factor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:776890. [PMID: 35141211 PMCID: PMC8819688 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.776890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
State-of-the-art treatment for sensorineural hearing loss is based on electrical stimulation of residual spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) with cochlear implants (CIs). Due to the anatomical gap between the electrode contacts of the CI and the residual afferent fibers of the SGNs, spatial spreading of the stimulation signal hampers focused neuronal stimulation. Also, the efficiency of a CI is limited because SGNs degenerate over time due to loss of trophic support. A promising option to close the anatomical gap is to install fibers as artificial nerve guidance structures on the surface of the implant and install on these fibers drug delivery systems releasing neuroprotective agents. Here, we describe the first steps in this direction. In the present study, suture yarns made of biodegradable polymers (polyglycolide/poly-ε-caprolactone) serve as the basic fiber material. In addition to the unmodified fiber, also fibers modified with amine groups were employed. Cell culture investigations with NIH 3T3 fibroblasts attested good cytocompatibility to both types of fibers. The fibers were then coated with the extracellular matrix component heparan sulfate (HS) as a biomimetic of the extracellular matrix. HS is known to bind, stabilize, modulate, and sustainably release growth factors. Here, we loaded the HS-carrying fibers with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which is known to act neuroprotectively. Release of this neurotrophic factor from the fibers was followed over a period of 110 days. Cell culture investigations with spiral ganglion cells, using the supernatants from the release studies, showed that the BDNF delivered from the fibers drastically increased the survival rate of SGNs in vitro. Thus, biodegradable polymer fibers with attached HS and loaded with BDNF are suitable for the protection and support of SGNs. Moreover, they present a promising base material for the further development towards a future neuronal guiding scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Wille
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Inga Wille, ; Peter Behrens,
| | - Jennifer Harre
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Oehmichen
- Institut für Technische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Lindemann
- Institut für Technische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henning Menzel
- Institut für Technische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nina Ehlert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Behrens
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Inga Wille, ; Peter Behrens,
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Peter MS, Warnecke A, Staecker H. A Window of Opportunity: Perilymph Sampling from the Round Window Membrane Can Advance Inner Ear Diagnostics and Therapeutics. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020316. [PMID: 35054010 PMCID: PMC8781055 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the clinical setting, the pathophysiology of sensorineural hearing loss is poorly defined and there are currently no diagnostic tests available to differentiate between subtypes. This often leaves patients with generalized treatment options such as steroids, hearing aids, or cochlear implantation. The gold standard for localizing disease is direct biopsy or imaging of the affected tissue; however, the inaccessibility and fragility of the cochlea make these techniques difficult. Thus, the establishment of an indirect biopsy, a sampling of inner fluids, is needed to advance inner ear diagnostics and allow for the development of novel therapeutics for inner ear disease. A promising source is perilymph, an inner ear liquid that bathes multiple structures critical to sound transduction. Intraoperative perilymph sampling via the round window membrane of the cochlea has been successfully used to profile the proteome, metabolome, and transcriptome of the inner ear and is a potential source of biomarker discovery. Despite its potential to provide insight into inner ear pathologies, human perilymph sampling continues to be controversial and is currently performed only in conjunction with a planned procedure where the inner ear is opened. Here, we review the safety of procedures in which the inner ear is opened, highlight studies where perilymph analysis has advanced our knowledge of inner ear diseases, and finally propose that perilymph sampling could be done as a stand-alone procedure, thereby advancing our ability to accurately classify sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine St. Peter
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hanover, Germany;
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
- Correspondence:
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8
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Zhang L, Chen S, Sun Y. Mechanism and Prevention of Spiral Ganglion Neuron Degeneration in the Cochlea. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:814891. [PMID: 35069120 PMCID: PMC8766678 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.814891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the most prevalent sensory deficits in humans, and approximately 360 million people worldwide are affected. The current treatment option for severe to profound hearing loss is cochlear implantation (CI), but its treatment efficacy is related to the survival of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). SGNs are the primary sensory neurons, transmitting complex acoustic information from hair cells to second-order sensory neurons in the cochlear nucleus. In mammals, SGNs have very limited regeneration ability, and SGN loss causes irreversible hearing loss. In most cases of SNHL, SGN damage is the dominant pathogenesis, and it could be caused by noise exposure, ototoxic drugs, hereditary defects, presbycusis, etc. Tremendous efforts have been made to identify novel treatments to prevent or reverse the damage to SGNs, including gene therapy and stem cell therapy. This review summarizes the major causes and the corresponding mechanisms of SGN loss and the current protection strategies, especially gene therapy and stem cell therapy, to promote the development of new therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Sun,
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Szeto B, Valentini C, Aksit A, Werth EG, Goeta S, Brown LM, Olson ES, Kysar JW, Lalwani AK. Impact of Systemic versus Intratympanic Dexamethasone Administration on the Perilymph Proteome. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4001-4009. [PMID: 34291951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are the first-line treatment for sensorineural hearing loss, but little is known about the mechanism of their protective effect or the impact of route of administration. The recent development of hollow microneedles enables safe and reliable sampling of perilymph for proteomic analysis. Using these microneedles, we investigate the effect of intratympanic (IT) versus intraperitoneal (IP) dexamethasone administration on guinea pig perilymph proteome. Guinea pigs were treated with IT dexamethasone (n = 6), IP dexamethasone (n = 8), or untreated for control (n = 8) 6 h prior to aspiration. The round window membrane (RWM) was accessed via a postauricular approach, and hollow microneedles were used to perforate the RWM and aspirate 1 μL of perilymph. Perilymph samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative proteomics. Mass spectrometry raw data files have been deposited in an international public repository (MassIVE proteomics repository at https://massive.ucsd.edu/) under data set # MSV000086887. In the 22 samples of perilymph analyzed, 632 proteins were detected, including the inner ear protein cochlin, a perilymph marker. Of these, 14 proteins were modulated by IP, and three proteins were modulated by IT dexamethasone. In both IP and IT dexamethasone groups, VGF nerve growth factor inducible was significantly upregulated compared to control. The remaining adjusted proteins modulate neurons, inflammation, or protein synthesis. Proteome analysis facilitated by the use of hollow microneedles shows that route of dexamethasone administration impacts changes seen in perilymph proteome. Compared to IT administration, the IP route was associated with greater changes in protein expression, including proteins involved in neuroprotection, inflammatory pathway, and protein synthesis. Our findings show that microneedles can mediate safe and effective intracochlear sampling and hold promise for inner ear diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Szeto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Chris Valentini
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Aykut Aksit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Emily G Werth
- Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shahar Goeta
- Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Lewis M Brown
- Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Olson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Kysar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Anil K Lalwani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Wey K, Schirrmann R, Diesing D, Lang S, Brandau S, Hansen S, Epple M. Coating of cochlear implant electrodes with bioactive DNA-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles for the local transfection of stimulatory proteins. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121009. [PMID: 34280824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were loaded with nucleic acids to enhance the on-growth of tissue to a cochlear implant electrode. The nanoparticle deposition on a metallic electrode surface is possible by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) or layer-by-layer deposition (LbL). Impedance spectroscopy showed that the coating layer did not interrupt the electrical conductance at physiological frequencies and beyond (1-40,000 Hz). The transfection was demonstrated with the model cell lines HeLa and 3T3 as well as with primary explanted spiral ganglion neurons (rat) with the model protein enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The expression of the functional protein brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was also shown. Thus, a coating of inner-ear cochlear implant electrodes with nanoparticles that carry nucleic acids will enhance the ongrowth of spiral ganglion cell axons for an improved transmission of electrical pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Wey
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ronja Schirrmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Detlef Diesing
- Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hansen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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11
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Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Updates on Molecular Targets and Potential Interventions. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:4784385. [PMID: 34306060 PMCID: PMC8279877 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4784385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise overexposure leads to hair cell loss, synaptic ribbon reduction, and auditory nerve deterioration, resulting in transient or permanent hearing loss depending on the exposure severity. Oxidative stress, inflammation, calcium overload, glutamate excitotoxicity, and energy metabolism disturbance are the main contributors to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) up to now. Gene variations are also identified as NIHL related. Glucocorticoid is the only approved medication for NIHL treatment. New pharmaceuticals targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, or noise-induced neuropathy are emerging, highlighted by the nanoparticle-based drug delivery system. Given the complexity of the pathogenesis behind NIHL, deeper and more comprehensive studies still need to be fulfilled.
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12
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Radeloff A, Nada N, El Mahallawi T, Kolkaila E, Vollmer M, Rak K, Hagen R, Schendzielorz P. Transplantation of adipose-derived stromal cells protects functional and morphological auditory nerve integrity in a model of cochlear implantation. Neuroreport 2021; 32:776-782. [PMID: 33994529 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cochlear implants are considered the gold standard therapy for subjects with severe hearing loss and deafness. Cochlear implants bypass the damaged hair cells and directly stimulate spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) of the auditory nerve. Hence, the presence of functional SGNs is crucial for speech perception in electric hearing with a cochlear implant. In deaf individuals, SGNs progressively degenerate due to the lack of neurotrophic support, normally provided by sensory cells of the inner ear. Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are known to produce neurotrophic factors. In a guinea pig model of sensory hearing loss and cochlear implantation, ASCs were autologously transplanted into the scala tympani prior to insertion of a cochlear implant on one side. Electrically evoked auditory brain stem responses (eABR) were recorded 8 weeks after cochlear implantation. At conclusion of the experiment, the cochleae were histologically evaluated. Compared to untreated control animals, transplantation of ASCs resulted in an increased number of SGNs and their peripheral neurites. In ASC-transplanted animals, mean eABR thresholds were lower and suprathreshold amplitudes larger, suggesting a larger population of intact auditory nerve fibers. Moreover, when compared to controls, amplitude-level functions of eABRs in ASC transplanted animals demonstrated steeper slopes in response to increasing interphase gaps (IPGs), indicative of better functionality of the auditory nerve. In summary, results suggest that transplantation of autologous ASCs into the deaf inner ear may have protective effects on the survival of SGNs and their peripheral processes and may thus contribute to long-term benefits in speech discrimination performance in cochlear implant subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Radeloff
- Division of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Carl von Ossietzky-University
- Cluster of excellence "Hearing 4 All"
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nashwa Nada
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Trandil El Mahallawi
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Enaas Kolkaila
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Maike Vollmer
- Department of Otol-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Magdeburg and Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg
| | - Kristen Rak
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hagen
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Schendzielorz
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Abstract
The delivery of therapies to the cochlea is notoriously challenging. It is an organ protected by a number of barriers that need to be overcome in the drug delivery process. Additionally, there are multiple sites of possible damage within the cochlea. Despite the many potential sites of damage, acquired otologic insults preferentially damage a single location. While progress has been made in techniques for inner ear drug delivery, the current techniques remain non-specific and our ability to deliver therapies in a cell-specific manner are limited. Fortunately, there are proteins specific to various cell-types within the cochlea (e.g., hair cells, spiral ganglion cells, stria vascularis) that function as biomarkers of site-specific damage. These protein biomarkers have potential to serve as targets for cell-specific inner ear drug delivery. In this manuscript, we review the concept of biomarkers and targeted- inner ear drug delivery and the well-characterized protein biomarkers within each of the locations of interest within the cochlea. Our review will focus on targeted drug delivery in the setting of acquired otologic insults (e.g., ototoxicity, noise-induce hearing loss). The goal is not to discuss therapies to treat acquired otologic insults, rather, to establish potential concepts of how to deliver therapies in a targeted, cell-specific manner. Based on our review, it is clear that future of inner ear drug delivery is a discipline filled with potential that will require collaborative efforts among clinicians and scientists to optimize treatment of otologic insults. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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14
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Blakley BW, Seaman M, Alenezi A. Brain-derived nerve growth factor in the cochlea - a reproducibility study. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 49:37. [PMID: 32503640 PMCID: PMC7275362 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-020-00432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) plays an important role in cochlear development so it is plausible that it could restore hearing loss if delivered directly into the cochlea. We wished to confirm our previous report that a single intracochlear injection of brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) was beneficial for hearing in guinea pigs. We wished to assess the reproducibility of our results and assess possible improved methods with a view to developing a clinical treatment for sensorineural hearing loss. Methods CDDP was used to create partial hearing loss in 25 guinea pigs. After 30 days the animals underwent ABR testing and unilateral BDNF injection through the round window in one ear and saline injection into the other ear. After allowing possible effects to stabilize, thirty days later, ABR threshold testing was repeated to assess change in threshold. Results Final ABR thresholds were 60–70 dB and were about 11 dB better in the ears treated with BDNF. Conclusion Our original finding that Intracochlear BDNF can improve hearing in guinea pigs was confirmed, but the improvement demonstrated by the methods in this paper is too small for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Blakley
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada.
| | - Michael Seaman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Abdulrahman Alenezi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada
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15
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Leake PA, Akil O, Lang H. Neurotrophin gene therapy to promote survival of spiral ganglion neurons after deafness. Hear Res 2020; 394:107955. [PMID: 32331858 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hearing impairment is a major health and economic concern worldwide. Currently, the cochlear implant (CI) is the standard of care for remediation of severe to profound hearing loss, and in general, contemporary CIs are highly successful. But there is great variability in outcomes among individuals, especially in children, with many CI users deriving much less or even marginal benefit. Much of this variability is related to differences in auditory nerve survival, and there has been substantial interest in recent years in exploring potential therapies to improve survival of the cochlear spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) after deafness. Preclinical studies using osmotic pumps and other approaches in deafened animal models to deliver neurotrophic factors (NTs) directly to the cochlea have shown promising results, especially with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). More recent studies have focused on the use of NT gene therapy to force expression of NTs by target cells within the cochlea. This could provide the means for a one-time treatment to promote long-term NT expression and improve neural survival after deafness. This review summarizes the evidence for the efficacy of exogenous NTs in preventing SGN degeneration after hearing loss and reviews the animal research to date suggesting that NT gene therapy can elicit long-term NT expression in the cochlea, resulting in significantly improved SGN and radial nerve fiber survival after deafness. In addition, we discuss NT gene therapy in other non-auditory applications and consider some of the remaining issues with regard to selecting optimal vectors, timing of treatment, and place/method of delivery, etc. that must be resolved prior to considering clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Leake
- S & I Epstein Laboratory, Dept. of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street, Room N331, San Francisco, CA, 94115-1330, USA.
| | - Omar Akil
- S & I Epstein Laboratory, Dept. of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street, Room N331, San Francisco, CA, 94115-1330, USA
| | - Hainan Lang
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 165 Ashley Avenue, Room RS613, Charleston, SC, 29414, USA
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16
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rAAV-Mediated Cochlear Gene Therapy: Prospects and Challenges for Clinical Application. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020589. [PMID: 32098144 PMCID: PMC7073754 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, pioneering molecular gene therapy for inner-ear disorders have achieved experimental hearing improvements after a single local or systemic injection of adeno-associated, virus-derived vectors (rAAV for recombinant AAV) encoding an extra copy of a normal gene, or ribozymes used to modify a genome. These results hold promise for treating congenital or later-onset hearing loss resulting from monogenic disorders with gene therapy approaches in patients. In this review, we summarize the current state of rAAV-mediated inner-ear gene therapies including the choice of vectors and delivery routes, and discuss the prospects and obstacles for the future development of efficient clinical rAAV-mediated cochlear gene medicine therapy.
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17
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State-of-the-art methods in clinical intracochlear drug delivery. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 27:381-386. [PMID: 31460985 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Increasing awareness and prevalence of disorders in hearing and balance have placed emphasis on treatment strategies. With the rapid evolution in molecular, gene, and nanotechnology, alternate delivery methods have advanced intracochlear drug delivery. This review aims to raise awareness of recent developments in technologies to augment current clinical practices. RECENT FINDINGS Intracochlear drug delivery research has expanded with the familiarity and accessibility to cochlear implantation. Various therapeutics are closely studied for both safety and efficacy as well as biologic effect. Agents including neurotrophins, antiapoptotics, cell therapy, gene therapy, and anti-inflammatory drugs are on the forefront of preclinical research. Cochlear implant electrode modification and drug administration at the time of implantation is a major focus of research. Improvements in study design have focused on overcoming barriers including elucidating the role of the blood-perilymph barrier. SUMMARY Inner ear drug delivery methods include systemic, intratympanic, and intracochlear administration. Therapeutic technologies aim to overcome delivery barriers and to improve overall biologic effect while minimizing toxicity. Precision of drug application through intratympanic and intracochlear administration with minimal trauma is the future of inner ear drug development.
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18
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Büning H, Schambach A, Morgan M, Rossi A, Wichova H, Staecker H, Warnecke A, Lenarz T. Challenges and advances in translating gene therapy for hearing disorders. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1707077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hildegard Büning
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Rossi
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helena Wichova
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Hearing4all Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Hearing4all Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Foggia MJ, Quevedo RV, Hansen MR. Intracochlear fibrosis and the foreign body response to cochlear implant biomaterials. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2019; 4:678-683. [PMID: 31890888 PMCID: PMC6929576 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report current knowledge on the topic of intracochlear fibrosis and the foreign body response following cochlear implantation (CI). METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed to identify peer-reviewed articles. Search components included "cochlear implant," "Foreign body response (FBR)," and "fibrosis." Original studies and review articles relevant to the topic were included. RESULTS Ninety peer-reviewed articles describing the foreign body response or intracochlear fibrosis following CI were included. CONCLUSIONS Intracochlear fibrosis following CI represents a significant limiting factor for the success of CI users. Several strategies have been employed to mitigate the foreign body response within the cochlea including drug delivery systems and modifications in surgical technique and electrode design. A better understanding of the FBR has the potential to improve CI outcomes and the next generation of cochlear prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J. Foggia
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck SurgeryUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowa
| | - Rene Vielman Quevedo
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck SurgeryUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowa
| | - Marlan R. Hansen
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck SurgeryUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowa
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowa
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20
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Hügl S, Scheper V, Gepp MM, Lenarz T, Rau TS, Schwieger J. Coating stability and insertion forces of an alginate-cell-based drug delivery implant system for the inner ear. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 97:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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AAV-Mediated Neurotrophin Gene Therapy Promotes Improved Survival of Cochlear Spiral Ganglion Neurons in Neonatally Deafened Cats: Comparison of AAV2-hBDNF and AAV5-hGDNF. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2019; 20:341-361. [PMID: 31222416 PMCID: PMC6646500 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-019-00723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Outcomes with contemporary cochlear implants (CI) depend partly upon the survival and condition of the cochlear spiral ganglion (SG) neurons. Previous studies indicate that CI stimulation can ameliorate SG neural degeneration after deafness, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) delivered by an osmotic pump can further improve neural survival. However, direct infusion of BDNF elicits undesirable side effects, and osmotic pumps are impractical for clinical application. In this study, we explored the potential for two adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) to elicit targeted neurotrophic factor expression in the cochlea and promote improved SG and radial nerve fiber survival. Juvenile cats were deafened prior to hearing onset by systemic aminoglycoside injections. Auditory brainstem responses showed profound hearing loss by 16-18 days postnatal. At ~ 4 weeks of age, AAV2-GFP (green fluorescent protein), AAV5-GFP, AAV2-hBDNF, or AAV5-hGDNF (glial-derived neurotrophic factor) was injected through the round window unilaterally. For GFP immunofluorescence, animals were studied ~ 4 weeks post-injection to assess cell types transfected and their distributions. AAV2-GFP immunofluorescence demonstrated strong expression of the GFP reporter gene in residual inner (IHCs), outer hair cells (OHCs), inner pillar cells, and in some SG neurons throughout the cochlea. AAV5-GFP elicited robust transduction of IHCs and some SG neurons, but few OHCs and supporting cells. After AAV-neurotrophic factor injections, animals were studied ~ 3 months post-injection to evaluate neural survival. AAV5-hGDNF elicited a modest neurotrophic effect, with 6 % higher SG density, but had no trophic effect on radial nerve fiber survival, and undesirable ectopic fiber sprouting occurred. AAV2-hBDNF elicited a similar 6 % increase in SG survival, but also resulted in greatly improved radial nerve fiber survival, with no ectopic fiber sprouting. A further study assessed whether AAV2-hBDNF neurotrophic effects would persist over longer post-injection periods. Animals examined 6 months after virus injection showed substantial neurotrophic effects, with 14 % higher SG density and greatly improved radial nerve fiber survival. Our results suggest that AAV-neurotrophin gene therapy can elicit expression of physiological concentrations of neurotrophins in the cochlea, supporting improved SG neuronal and radial nerve fiber survival while avoiding undesirable side effects. These studies also demonstrate the potential for application of cochlear gene therapy in a large mammalian cochlea comparable to the human cochlea and in an animal model of congenital/early acquired deafness.
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22
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Ren Y, Landegger LD, Stankovic KM. Gene Therapy for Human Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:323. [PMID: 31379508 PMCID: PMC6660246 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory impairment in humans and currently disables 466 million people across the world. Congenital deafness affects at least 1 in 500 newborns, and over 50% are hereditary in nature. To date, existing pharmacologic therapies for genetic and acquired etiologies of deafness are severely limited. With the advent of modern sequencing technologies, there is a vast compendium of growing genetic alterations that underlie human hearing loss, which can be targeted by therapeutics such as gene therapy. Recently, there has been tremendous progress in the development of gene therapy vectors to treat sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in animal models in vivo. Nevertheless, significant hurdles remain before such technologies can be translated toward clinical use. These include addressing the blood-labyrinth barrier, engineering more specific and effective delivery vehicles, improving surgical access, and validating novel targets. In this review, we both highlight recent progress and outline challenges associated with in vivo gene therapy for human SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lukas D. Landegger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantina M. Stankovic
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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23
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Scheper V, Schwieger J, Hamm A, Lenarz T, Hoffmann A. BDNF-overexpressing human mesenchymal stem cells mediate increased neuronal protection in vitro. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1414-1429. [PMID: 31257632 PMCID: PMC6772136 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of neurotrophic factors as therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases is considered as an approach aimed at restoring and maintaining neuronal function in the peripheral and central nervous system. Since the neuroprotective effect is depending on chronic delivery of the neurotrophic factors a sustained application, e.g., via cell‐based delivery is necessary. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were lentivirally modified to overexpress brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and to express fluorescent marker genes for easy visualization. Since genetically modified cells should be site‐specifically retained (e.g., by encapsulation) in the patients to avoid adverse effects the cells were additionally differentiated to chondrocytes to hypothetically improve their vitality and survival in a delivery matrix. Different polycations for lentiviral transduction were investigated for their efficiency. The success of differentiation was determined by analysis of chondrocyte marker genes and the neuroprotective effect of BDNF‐overexpressing cells was exemplarily investigated on neurons of the peripheral auditory system. The genetically modified hMSCs overexpressed BDNF from under 1 to 125 ng ml−1 day−1 depending on the donor and transfection method. Using protamine sulfate the transfection efficacy was superior compared to the use of polybrene. The BDNF secreted by the MSCs was significantly neuroprotective in comparison to the relevant controls even though the produced mean concentrations were lower than the effective concentrations for recombinant industrially produced proteins described in literature. The presented system of BDNF‐overexpressing hMSCs is neuroprotective and is therefore considered as a promising method for sustained delivery of proteins in therapeutically relevant amounts to degenerating neuronal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Scheper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, German Research Foundation, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Schwieger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Anika Hamm
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, German Research Foundation, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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24
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Gu X, Chai R, Guo L, Dong B, Li W, Shu Y, Huang X, Li H. Transduction of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors Targeting Hair Cells and Supporting Cells in the Neonatal Mouse Cochlea. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:8. [PMID: 30733670 PMCID: PMC6353798 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is the preferred vector for gene therapy of hereditary deafness, and different viral serotypes, promoters and transduction pathways can influence the targeting of AAV to different types of cells and the expression levels of numerous exogenous genes. To determine the transduction and expression patterns of AAV with different serotypes or promoters in hair cells and supporting cells in the neonatal mouse cochlea, we examined the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) for five different types of AAV vectors [serotypes 2, 9, and Anc80L65 with promoter cytomegalovirus (CMV)-beta-Globin and serotypes 2 and 9 with promoter chicken beta-actin (CBA)] in in vitro cochlear explant cultures and we tested the transduction of AAV2/2-CBA, AAV2/9-CBA, and AAV2/Anc80L65-CMV by in vivo microinjection into the scala media of the cochlea. We found that each AAV vector had its own transduction and expression characteristics in hair cells and supporting cells in different regions of the cochlea. There was a tonotopic gradient for the in vitro transduction of AAV2/2-CBA, AAV2/9-CBA, AAV2/2-CMV, and AAV2/9-CMV in outer hair cells (OHCs), with more OHCs expressing eGFP at the base of the cochlea than at the apex. AAV2/2-CBA in vitro and AAV2/Anc80L65-CMV in vivo induced more supporting cells expressing eGFP at the apex than in the base. We found that AAV vectors with different promoters had different expression efficacies in hair cells and supporting cells of the auditory epithelium. The CMV-beta-Globin promoter could drive the expression of the delivered construct more efficiently in hair cells, while the CBA promoter was more efficient in supporting cells. The in vitro and in vivo experiments both demonstrated that AAV2/Anc80L65-CMV was a very promising vector for gene therapy of deafness because of its high transduction rates in hair cells. These results might be useful for selecting the appropriate vectors for gene delivery into different types of inner ear cells and thus improving the effectiveness of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luo Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilai Shu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinsheng Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Cochlear Implant, Shanghai, China.,The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Intracochlear administration of steroids with a catheter during human cochlear implantation: a safety and feasibility study. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1191-1199. [PMID: 29761349 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of foreign body reaction, improvement of electrode-nerve interaction, and preservation of residual hearing are essential research topics in cochlear implantation. Intracochlear pharmaco- or cell-based therapies can open new horizons in this field. Local drug delivery strategies are desirable as higher local concentrations of agents can be realized and side effects can be minimized compared to systemic administrations. When administered locally at accessible, basal parts of the cochlea, drugs reach apical regions later and in much lower concentrations due to poor diffusion patterns in cochlear fluids. Therefore, new devices are needed to warrant rapid distribution of agents into all parts of the cochlea. Five patients received a deep intracochlear injection of triamcinolone with a specifically designed cochlear catheter during cochlear implantation right before inserting a cochlear implant electrode. As a measure for formation of fibrous tissue around the electrode, electrical impedances were measured in the operation room and over 4 months thereafter. No adverse events were observed peri- and postoperatively. The handling of the device was easy. Severe damage to the microstructure of the cochlea was excluded as far as possible by cone beam computed tomography and vestibular testing. A delayed rise of the impedances was seen in the catheter group compared to controls over all regions of the cochlea. A statistical significance, however, was only obtained at the midregion of the cochlea. Consequently, the cochlear catheter is a safe and feasible device for local drug delivery of pharmaceutical agents into deeper regions of the cochlea.
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Abstract
Sensorineural hearing impairment is the most common sensory disorder and a major health and socio-economic issue in industrialized countries. It is primarily due to the degeneration of mechanosensory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea via complex pathophysiological mechanisms. These occur following acute and/or chronic exposure to harmful extrinsic (e.g., ototoxic drugs, noise...) and intrinsic (e.g., aging, genetic) causative factors. No clinical therapies currently exist to rescue the dying sensorineural cells or regenerate these cells once lost. Recent studies have, however, provided renewed hope, with insights into the therapeutic targets allowing the prevention and treatment of ototoxic drug- and noise-induced, age-related hearing loss as well as cochlear cell degeneration. Moreover, genetic routes involving the replacement or corrective editing of mutant sequences or defected genes are showing promise, as are cell-replacement therapies to repair damaged cells for the future restoration of hearing in deaf people. This review begins by recapitulating our current understanding of the molecular pathways that underlie cochlear sensorineural damage, as well as the survival signaling pathways that can provide endogenous protection and tissue rescue. It then guides the reader through to the recent discoveries in pharmacological, gene and cell therapy research towards hearing protection and restoration as well as their potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- INSERM UMR 1051, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Puel
- INSERM UMR 1051, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Akil O, Blits B, Lustig LR, Leake PA. Virally Mediated Overexpression of Glial-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Elicits Age- and Dose-Dependent Neuronal Toxicity and Hearing Loss. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:88-105. [PMID: 30183384 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary cochlear implants (CI) are generally very effective for remediation of severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss, but outcomes are still highly variable. Auditory nerve survival is likely one of the major factors underlying this variability. Neurotrophin therapy therefore has been proposed for CI recipients, with the goal of improving outcomes by promoting improved survival of cochlear spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) and/or residual hair cells. Previous studies have shown that glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin-3 can rescue SGNs following insult. The current study was designed to determine whether adeno-associated virus vector serotype 5 (AAV-5) encoding either green fluorescent protein or GDNF can transduce cells in the mouse cochlea to express useful levels of neurotrophin and to approximate the optimum therapeutic dose(s) for transducing hair cells and SGN. The findings demonstrate that AAV-5 is a potentially useful gene therapy vector for the cochlea, resulting in extremely high levels of transgene expression in the cochlear inner hair cells and SGN. However, overexpression of human GDNF in newborn mice caused severe neurological symptoms and hearing loss, likely due to Purkinje cell loss and cochlear nucleus pathology. Thus, extremely high levels of transgene protein expression should be avoided, particularly for proteins that have neurological function in neonatal subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Akil
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bas Blits
- 2 Department of Research and Development, UniQure Biopharma B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lawrence R Lustig
- 3 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Patricia A Leake
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Schmidt N, Schulze J, Warwas DP, Ehlert N, Lenarz T, Warnecke A, Behrens P. Long-term delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from nanoporous silica nanoparticles improves the survival of spiral ganglion neurons in vitro. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194778. [PMID: 29584754 PMCID: PMC5870973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can be overcome by electrical stimulation of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) via a cochlear implant (CI). Restricted CI performance results from the spatial gap between the SGNs and the electrode, but the efficacy of CI is also limited by the degeneration of SGNs as one consequence of SHNL. In the healthy cochlea, the survival of SGNs is assured by endogenous neurotrophic support. Several applications of exogenous neurotrophic supply have been shown to reduce SGN degeneration in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, nanoporous silica nanoparticles (NPSNPs), with an approximate diameter of <100 nm, were loaded with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to test their efficacy as long-term delivery system for neurotrophins. The neurotrophic factor was released constantly from the NPSNPs over a release period of 80 days when the surface of the nanoparticles had been modified with amino groups. Cell culture investigations with NIH3T3 fibroblasts attest a good general cytocompatibility of the NPSNPs. In vitro experiments with SGNs indicate a significantly higher survival rate of SGNs in cell cultures that contained BDNF-loaded nanoparticles compared to the control culture with unloaded NPSNPs (p<0.001). Importantly, also the amounts of BDNF released up to a time period of 39 days increased the survival rate of SGNs. Thus, NPSNPs carrying BDNF are suitable for the treatment of inner ear disease and for the protection and the support of SGNs. Their nanoscale nature and the fact that a direct contact of the nanoparticles and the SGNs is not necessary for neuroprotective effects, should allow for the facile preparation of nanocomposites, e.g., with biocompatible polymers, to install coatings on implants for the realization of implant-based growth factor delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeschda Schmidt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schulze
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dawid P. Warwas
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nina Ehlert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Behrens
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Alemi R, Motassadi Zarandy M, Joghataei MT, Eftekharian A, Zarrindast MR, Vousooghi N. Plasticity after pediatric cochlear implantation: Implication from changes in peripheral plasma level of BDNF and auditory nerve responses. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 105:103-110. [PMID: 29447794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sensory neural hearing loss could lead to some structural and physiological changes in the auditory pathways, such as alteration in the expression of neurotrophins. These factors, especially Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), play an important role in synaptic functions and experience-related plasticity. Restoring cochlear function after hearing loss is possible through cochlear implantation (CI). Evaluation of the blood concentration changes of neurotrophins as prerequisites of plasticity could help scientists to determine the prognosis of CI as in the candidacy procedure or enhancing prosthesis function by adding the exact needed amount of BDNF to the electrode array. METHODS Here we have studied the plasma BDNF concentration before CI surgery and 6 months after using CI device in 15 pediatric CI recipients and compared this level with changes of BDNF concentration in 10 children who were using hearing aid (H.A). In addition, we searched for a possible correlation between post-surgery plasma BDNF concentration and electrical compound action potential (ECAP) and comfort-level (C-level) thresholds. RESULTS Plasma BDNF concentration in children with CI increased significantly after CI surgery, while this difference in H.A group was not significant. Analysis of repeated measures of ECAP and C-level thresholds in CI group showed that there were some kinds of steadiness during follow- up sessions for ECAP thresholds in basal and E16 of middle electrodes, whereas C-level thresholds for all selected electrodes increased significantly up to six months follow-up. Interestingly, we did not find any significant correlation between post-surgery plasma BDNF concentration and ECAP or C-level threshold changes. CONCLUSION It is concluded that changes in C-level threshold and steady state of ECAP thresholds and significant changes in BDNF concentration could be regarded as an indicator of experienced-related plasticity after CI stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Alemi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cochlear Implant Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amir Aalam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Motassadi Zarandy
- Cochlear Implant Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amir Aalam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Eftekharian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Loghman Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zarrindast
- Genetics Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran; Genomic Center, School of Advanced Sciences, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Genetics Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
Local drug application to the inner ear offers a number of advantages over systemic delivery. Local drug therapy currently encompasses extracochlear administration (i. e., through intratympanic injection), intracochlear administration (particularly for gene and stem cell therapy), as well as various combinations with auditory neurosensory prostheses, either evaluated in preclinical or clinical studies, or off-label. To improve rehabilitation with cochlear implants (CI), one focus is the development of drug-releasing electrode carriers, e. g., for delivery of glucocorticosteroids, antiapoptotic substances, or neurotrophins to the inner ear. The performance of cochlear implants may thus be improved by protecting neuronal structures from insertion trauma, reducing fibrosis in the inner ear, and by stimulating growth of neuronal structures in the direction of the electrodes. Controlled drug release after extracochlear or intracochlear application in conjunction with a CI can also be achieved by use of a biocompatible, resorbable controlled-release drug-delivery system. Two case reports for intracochlear controlled release drug delivery in combination with cochlear implants are presented. In order to treat progressive reduction in speech discrimination and increased impedance, two cochlear implant patients successfully underwent intracochlear placement of a biocompatible, resorbable drug-delivery system for controlled release of dexamethasone. The drug levels reached in inner ear fluids after different types of local drug application strategies can be calculated using a computer model. The intracochlear drug concentrations calculated in this way were compared for different dexamethasone application strategies.
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Pfingst BE, Colesa DJ, Swiderski DL, Hughes AP, Strahl SB, Sinan M, Raphael Y. Neurotrophin Gene Therapy in Deafened Ears with Cochlear Implants: Long-term Effects on Nerve Survival and Functional Measures. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2017; 18:731-750. [PMID: 28776202 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-017-0633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Because cochlear implants function by stimulating the auditory nerve, it is assumed that the condition of the nerve plays an important role in the efficacy of the prosthesis. Thus, considerable research has been devoted to methods of preserving the nerve following deafness. Neurotrophins have been identified as a potential contributor to neural health, but most of the research to date has been done in young animals and for short periods (less than 3 to 6 months) after the onset of treatment. The first objective of the current experiment was to examine the effects of a neurotrophin gene therapy delivery method on spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) preservation and function in the long term (5 to 14 months) in mature guinea pigs with cochlear implants. The second objective was to examine several potential non-invasive monitors of auditory nerve health following the neurotrophin gene therapy procedure. Eighteen mature adult male guinea pigs were deafened by cochlear perfusion of neomycin and then one ear was inoculated with an adeno-associated viral vector with an Nft3-gene insert (AAV.Ntf3) and implanted with a cochlear implant electrode array. Five control animals were deafened and inoculated with an empty AAV and implanted. Data from 43 other guinea pig ears from this and previous experiments were used for comparison: 24 animals implanted in a hearing ear, nine animals deafened and implanted with no inoculation, and ten normal-hearing non-implanted ears. After 4 to 21 months of psychophysical and electrophysiological testing, the animals were prepared for histological examination of SGN densities and inner hair cell (IHC) survival. Seventy-eight percent of the ears deafened and inoculated with AAV.Ntf3 showed better SGN survival than the 14 deafened-control ears. The degree of SGN preservation following the gene therapy procedure was variable across animals and across cochlear turns. Slopes of psychophysical multipulse integration (MPI) functions were predictive of SGN density, but only in animals with preserved IHCs. MPI was not affected by the AAV.Ntf3 treatment, but there was a minor improvement in temporal integration (TI). AAV.Ntf3 treatment had significant effects on ECAP and EABR amplitude growth func-tion (AGF) slopes; the reduction in slope in deafened ears was ameliorated by the AAV.Ntf3 treatment. Slopes of the ECAP and EABR AGFs were predictive of SGN density in a broad area near and just apical to the implant. The highest ensemble spontaneous activity (ESA) values were seen in animals with surviving IHCs, but AAV.Ntf3 treatment in deafened ears resulted in slightly higher ESA values compared to deafened untreated ears. Overall, a combination of the psychophysical and electrophysiological measures can be useful for monitoring the health of the implanted cochlea in guinea pigs. These measures should be applicable for assessing cochlear health in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E Pfingst
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, USA.
| | - Deborah J Colesa
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, USA
| | - Donald L Swiderski
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, USA
| | - Aaron P Hughes
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, USA
| | | | - Moaz Sinan
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, USA
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5616, USA
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Regenerative medicine in hearing recovery. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:909-915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Li H, Edin F, Hayashi H, Gudjonsson O, Danckwardt-Lillieström N, Engqvist H, Rask-Andersen H, Xia W. Guided growth of auditory neurons: Bioactive particles towards gapless neural - electrode interface. Biomaterials 2016; 122:1-9. [PMID: 28107660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cochlear implant (CI) is a successful device to restore hearing. Despite continuous development, frequency discrimination is poor in CI users due to an anatomical gap between the auditory neurons and CI electrode causing current spread and unspecific neural stimulation. One strategy to close this anatomical gap is guiding the growth of neuron dendrites closer to CI electrodes through targeted slow release of neurotrophins. Biodegradable calcium phosphate hollow nanospheres (CPHSs) were produced and their capacity for uptake and release of neurotrophins investigated using 125I-conjugated glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). The CPHSs were coated onto CI electrodes and loaded with neurotrophins. Axon guidance effect of slow-released neurotrophins from the CPHSs was studied in an in vitro 3D culture model. CPHS coating bound and released GDNF with an association rate constant 6.3 × 103 M-1s-1 and dissociation rate 2.6 × 10-5 s-1, respectively. Neurites from human vestibulocochlear ganglion explants found and established physical contact with the GDNF-loaded CPHS coating on the CI electrodes placed 0.7 mm away. Our results suggest that neurotrophin delivery through CPHS coating is a plausible way to close the anatomical gap between auditory neurons and electrodes. By overcoming this gap, selective neural activation and the fine hearing for CI users become possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Edin
- Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Olafur Gudjonsson
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Håkan Engqvist
- Applied Material Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helge Rask-Andersen
- Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Wei Xia
- Applied Material Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Wise AK, Tan J, Wang Y, Caruso F, Shepherd RK. Improved Auditory Nerve Survival with Nanoengineered Supraparticles for Neurotrophin Delivery into the Deafened Cochlea. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164867. [PMID: 27788219 PMCID: PMC5082918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear implants electrically stimulate spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in order to provide speech cues to severe-profoundly deaf patients. In normal hearing cochleae the SGNs depend on endogenous neurotrophins secreted by sensory cells in the organ of Corti for survival. SGNs gradually degenerate following deafness and consequently there is considerable interest in developing clinically relevant strategies to provide exogenous neurotrophins to preserve SGN survival. The present study investigated the safety and efficacy of a drug delivery system for the cochlea using nanoengineered silica supraparticles. In the present study we delivered Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) over a period of four weeks and evaluated SGN survival as a measure of efficacy. Supraparticles were bilaterally implanted into the basal turn of cochleae in profoundly deafened guinea pigs. One ear received BDNF-loaded supraparticles and the other ear control (unloaded) supraparticles. After one month of treatment the cochleae were examined histologically. There was significantly greater survival of SGNs in cochleae that received BDNF supraparticles compared to the contralateral control cochleae (repeated measures ANOVA, p = 0.009). SGN survival was observed over a wide extent of the cochlea. The supraparticles were well tolerated within the cochlea with a tissue response that was localised to the site of implantation in the cochlear base. Although mild, the tissue response was significantly greater in cochleae treated with BDNF supraparticles compared to the controls (repeated measures ANOVA, p = 0.003). These data support the clinical potential of this technology particularly as the supraparticles can be loaded with a variety of therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K. Wise
- The Bionics Institute, 384–388 Albert Street, East Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- The Department of Medical Bionics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Justin Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yajun Wang
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert K. Shepherd
- The Bionics Institute, 384–388 Albert Street, East Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- The Department of Medical Bionics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Viral-mediated Ntf3 overexpression disrupts innervation and hearing in nondeafened guinea pig cochleae. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16052. [PMID: 27525291 PMCID: PMC4972090 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Synaptopathy in the cochlea occurs when the connection between inner hair cells and the auditory nerve is disrupted, leading to impaired hearing and nerve degeneration. Experiments using transgenic mice have shown that overexpression of NT3 by supporting cells repairs synaptopathy caused by overstimulation. To accomplish such therapy in the clinical setting, it would be necessary to activate the neurotrophin receptor on auditory neurons by other means. Here we test the outcome of NT3 overexpression using viral-mediated gene transfer into the perilymph versus the endolymph of the normal guinea pig cochlea. We inoculated two different Ntf3 viral vectors, adenovirus (Adv) or adeno-associated virus (AAV) into the perilymph, to facilitate transgene expression in the mesothelial cells and cochlear duct epithelium, respectively. We assessed outcomes by comparing Auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds prior to that at baseline to thresholds at 1 and 3 weeks after inoculation, and then performed histologic evaluation of hair cells, nerve endings, and synaptic ribbons. We observed hearing threshold shifts as well as disorganization of peripheral nerve endings and disruption of synaptic connections between inner hair cells and peripheral nerve endings with both vectors. The data suggest that elevation of NT3 levels in the cochlear fluids can disrupt innervation and degrade hearing.
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Lee J, Han K, Song JJ, Im GJ, Chae SW. Sarcopenia and Hearing Loss in Older Koreans: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150281. [PMID: 26978776 PMCID: PMC4792432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) is becoming a more significant issue as geriatric population increases. Sarcopenia in older people is known to have a diverse health problem in various circumstances in recent studies. We assessed whether the decrease in muscle mass is related to ARHI. We used the 2010 data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to examine the associations between sarcopenia and ARHI. A total number of participants was 1,622 including 746 males and 876 females aged 60 years or older. Muscle mass was assessed as an appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and hearing loss was defined as the pure-tone averages (PTA) of test frequencies 0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz at a threshold of 40 dB or higher in worse hearing side of the ear. Among 1,622 participants, 298 men and 256 women had hearing loss. Appendicular muscle mass (ASM), expressed as kg, was categorized in tertiles. In female population, after adjusting for age, smoking, drinking, amount of exercise, total body fat, education level, income level, and tinnitus, the odds ratio (OR) for hearing loss was 1.57 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.92–2.68) in the middle tertile and 1.79 (1.03–3.08) in the lowest tertile, compared with the highest tertile. P for trend in this model was 0.036. Controlling further for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and three types of noise exposure did not change the association. Larger muscle mass is associated with lower prevalence of hearing loss in elderly Korean females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Jun Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Jung Im
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Won Chae
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cochlear afferent innervation development. Hear Res 2015; 330:157-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Gillespie LN, Richardson RT, Nayagam BA, Wise AK. Treating hearing disorders with cell and gene therapy. J Neural Eng 2015; 11:065001. [PMID: 25420002 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/11/6/065001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is an increasing problem for a substantial number of people and, with an aging population, the incidence and severity of hearing loss will become more significant over time. There are very few therapies currently available to treat hearing loss, and so the development of new therapeutic strategies for hearing impaired individuals is of paramount importance to address this unmet clinical need. Most forms of hearing loss are progressive in nature and therefore an opportunity exists to develop novel therapeutic approaches to slow or halt hearing loss progression, or even repair or replace lost hearing function. Numerous emerging technologies have potential as therapeutic options. This paper details the potential of cell- and gene-based therapies to provide therapeutic agents to protect sensory and neural cells from various insults known to cause hearing loss; explores the potential of replacing lost sensory and nerve cells using gene and stem cell therapy; and describes the considerations for clinical translation and the challenges that need to be overcome.
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Tavartkiladze GA. [The current state and prospects of the development of cochlear implantation]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2015; 80:4-9. [PMID: 26331167 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20158034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the literature data summarizing the recent achievements in the field of rehabilitation of the patients suffering from deafness and serious impairment of hearing with the use of cochlear implantation. Much attention is given to the limitations of the modern strategies of signal processing and the prospects for the further development of scientific research in this area. Special emphasis is laid on recent progress in audiology including the binaural cochlear implant technology and the electroacoustic stimulation facilitating significant improvement in the outcomes of rehabilitation of the patients. Also, the prospects for the further developments in the field of construction of the new cochlear implantations systems, the novel algorithms for information processing, and the original therapeutic modalities designed to stimulated the growth of axonal processed of the spiral ganglion and their outgrowths into the electrode system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Tavartkiladze
- National Research Centre for Audiology and Hearing Rehabilitation, Russian Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, 117513; Russian Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia, 123995
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Sameer Mallick A, Qureishi A, Pearson R, O'Donoghue G. Neurotrophins and cochlear implants: a solution to sensorineural deafness? Cochlear Implants Int 2015; 14:158-64. [PMID: 22889496 DOI: 10.1179/1754762812y.0000000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review current trends for treating sensorineural deafness by enhancing spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) survival using neurotrophins combined with cochlear implants and identify areas for future research and development. METHODS A literature search was undertaken on PubMed and Google scholar using terms: neurotrophins, cochlear implants (CIs), and sensorineural to identify the most recent and significant publications. The abstracts were read to identify relevant papers; these were accessed in full and analysed for this review. RESULTS Neurotrophins have a known role in cochlear development and the maintenance of SGNs. So far experiments using osmotic pumps to deliver neurotrophins have been successful for short-term enhanced survival of SGN's following aminoglycoside ototoxicity in animal models. They have demonstrated the re-sprouting of radial nerve fibres from SGN's towards the source of delivery. In addition electrical stimulation, gene and cell-based therapy have increased SGN survival to varying degrees. DISCUSSION Osmotic pumps carry a high risk of infection therefore CIs coated in a drug containing polymer or hydrogel are a realistic alternative for sustained delivery of neurotrophins. Increased SGN survival combined with neuronal re-growth raises the possibility for CIs to stimulate discrete SGN populations. Unfortunately, the duration of treatment needed for long-term survival still remains unclear and further work is needed. Nevertheless the combination of regenerative medicine to CI technology presents a novel approach to developing CI technology.
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Khalin I, Alyautdin R, Kocherga G, Bakar MA. Targeted delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor for the treatment of blindness and deafness. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3245-67. [PMID: 25995632 PMCID: PMC4425321 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s77480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative causes of blindness and deafness possess a major challenge in their clinical management as proper treatment guidelines have not yet been found. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been established as a promising therapy against neurodegenerative disorders including hearing and visual loss. Unfortunately, the blood–retinal barrier and blood–cochlear barrier, which have a comparable structure to the blood–brain barrier prevent molecules of larger sizes (such as BDNF) from exiting the circulation and reaching the targeted cells. Anatomical features of the eye and ear allow use of local administration, bypassing histo-hematic barriers. This paper focuses on highlighting a variety of strategies proposed for the local administration of the BDNF, like direct delivery, viral gene therapy, and cell-based therapy, which have been shown to successfully improve development, survival, and function of spiral and retinal ganglion cells. The similarities and controversies for BDNF treatment of posterior eye diseases and inner ear diseases have been analyzed and compared. In this review, we also focus on the possibility of translation of this knowledge into clinical practice. And finally, we suggest that using nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems may substantially contribute to the development of clinically viable techniques for BDNF delivery into the cochlea or posterior eye segment, which, ultimately, can lead to a long-term or permanent rescue of auditory and optic neurons from degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khalin
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Renad Alyautdin
- Scientific Centre for Expertise of Medical Application Products, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ganna Kocherga
- Ophthalmic Microsurgery Department, International Medical Center Oftalmika, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Muhamad Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cell-based neurotrophin treatment supports long-term auditory neuron survival in the deaf guinea pig. J Control Release 2015; 198:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Novozhilova E, Englund-Johansson U, Kale A, Jiao Y, Olivius P. Effects of ROCK inhibitor Y27632 and EGFR inhibitor PD168393 on human neural precursors co-cultured with rat auditory brainstem explant. Neuroscience 2014; 287:43-54. [PMID: 25514049 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hearing function lost by degeneration of inner ear spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the auditory nervous system could potentially be compensated by cellular replacement using suitable donor cells. Donor cell-derived neuronal development with functional synaptic formation with auditory neurons of the cochlear nucleus (CN) in the brainstem is a prerequisite for a successful transplantation. Here a rat auditory brainstem explant culture system was used as a screening platform for donor cells. The explants were co-cultured with human neural precursor cells (HNPCs) to determine HNPCs developmental potential in the presence of environmental cues characteristic for the auditory brainstem region in vitro. We explored effects of pharmacological inhibition of GTPase Rho with its effector Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling on the co-cultures. Pharmacological agents ROCK inhibitor Y27632 and EGFR blocker PD168393 were tested. Effect of the treatment on explant penetration by green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled HNPCs was evaluated based on the following criteria: number of GFP-HNPCs located within the explant; distance migrated by the GFP-HNPCs deep into the explant; length of the GFP+/neuronal class III β-tubulin (TUJ1)+ processes developed and phenotypes displayed. In a short 2-week co-culture both inhibitors had growth-promoting effects on HNPCs, prominent in neurite extension elongation. Significant enhancement of migration and in-growth of HNPCs into the brain slice tissue was only observed in Y27632-treated co-cultures. Difference between Y27632- and PD168393-treated HNPCs acquiring neuronal fate was significant, though not different from the fates acquired in control co-culture. Our data suggest the presence of inhibitory mechanisms in the graft-host environment of the auditory brainstem slice co-culture system with neurite growth arresting properties which can be modulated by administration of signaling pathways antagonists. Therefore the co-culture system can be utilized for screens of donor cells and compounds regulating neuronal fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Novozhilova
- Center for Hearing and Communication Research and the Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.
| | - U Englund-Johansson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institution of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Kale
- Center for Hearing and Communication Research and the Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Y Jiao
- Center for Hearing and Communication Research and the Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100730 Beijing, China
| | - P Olivius
- Center for Hearing and Communication Research and the Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Sweden.
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Postnatal expression of neurotrophic factors accessible to spiral ganglion neurons in the auditory system of adult hearing and deafened rats. J Neurosci 2014; 34:13110-26. [PMID: 25253857 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1014-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) receive input from cochlear hair cells and project from the cochlea to the cochlear nucleus. After destruction of hair cells with aminoglycoside antibiotics or noise, SGNs gradually die. It has been assumed that SGN death is attributable to loss of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) derived from hair cells or supporting cells in the organ of Corti (OC). We used quantitative PCR (qPCR) to assay NTF expression-neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), BDNF, GDNF, neurturin, artemin, and CNTF-in the OC and cochlear nucleus at various ages from postnatal day 0 (P0) to P90 in control hearing and neonatally deafened rats. NT-3, neurturin, and CNTF were most abundant in the postnatal hearing OC; CNTF and neurturin most abundant in the cochlear nucleus. In the OC, NT-3 and CNTF showed a postnatal increase in expression approximately concomitant with hearing onset. In rats deafened by daily kanamycin injections (from P8 to P16), surviving inner hair cells were evident at P16 but absent by P19, with most postsynaptic boutons lost before P16. NT-3 and CNTF, which normally increase postnatally, had significantly reduced expression in the OC of deafened rats, although CNTF was expressed throughout the time that SGNs were dying. In contrast, neurturin expression was constant, unaffected by deafening or by age. CNTF and neurturin expression in the cochlear nucleus was unaffected by deafening or age. Thus, NTFs other than NT-3 are available to SGNs even as they are dying after deafening, apparently conflicting with the hypothesis that SGN death is attributable to lack of NTFs.
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Carriers in cell-based therapies for neurological disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10669-723. [PMID: 24933636 PMCID: PMC4100175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need for long-term neuroprotective and neuroregenerative therapies to promote full function recovery of injuries in the human nervous system resulting from trauma, stroke or degenerative diseases. Although cell-based therapies are promising in supporting repair and regeneration, direct introduction to the injury site is plagued by problems such as low transplanted cell survival rate, limited graft integration, immunorejection, and tumor formation. Neural tissue engineering offers an integrative and multifaceted approach to tackle these complex neurological disorders. Synergistic therapeutic effects can be obtained from combining customized biomaterial scaffolds with cell-based therapies. Current scaffold-facilitated cell transplantation strategies aim to achieve structural and functional rescue via offering a three-dimensional permissive and instructive environment for sustainable neuroactive factor production for prolonged periods and/or cell replacement at the target site. In this review, we intend to highlight important considerations in biomaterial selection and to review major biodegradable or non-biodegradable scaffolds used for cell transplantation to the central and peripheral nervous system in preclinical and clinical trials. Expanded knowledge in biomaterial properties and their prolonged interaction with transplanted and host cells have greatly expanded the possibilities for designing suitable carrier systems and the potential of cell therapies in the nervous system.
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Abstract
The advent of the cochlear implant is phenomenal because it is the first surgical prosthesis that is capable of restoring one of the senses. The subsequent rapid evolution of cochlear implants through increasing complexity and functionality has been synchronized with the recent advancements in biotechnology. Surface biotechnology has refined cochlear implants by directly influencing the implant–tissue interface. Emerging surface biotechnology strategies are exemplified by nanofibrous polymeric materials, topographical surface modification, conducting polymer coatings, and neurotrophin-eluting implants. Although these novel developments have received individual attention in the recent literature, the time has come to investigate their collective applications to cochlear implants to restore lost hearing.
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TrkB-mediated protection against circadian sensitivity to noise trauma in the murine cochlea. Curr Biol 2014; 24:658-63. [PMID: 24583017 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a debilitating sensory impairment affecting 10%-15% of the population, caused primarily through damage to the sensory hair cells or to the auditory neurons. Once lost, these never regenerate [1], and no effective drugs are available [2, 3]. Emerging evidence points toward an important contribution of synaptic ribbons in the long-term coupling of the inner hair cell and afferent neuron synapse to maintain hearing [4]. Here we show in nocturnal mice that night noise overexposure triggers permanent hearing loss, whereas mice overexposed during the day recover to normal auditory thresholds. In view of this time-dependent sensitivity, we identified a self-sustained circadian rhythm in the isolated cochlea, as evidenced by circadian expression of clock genes and ample PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE oscillations, originating mainly from the primary auditory neurons and hair cells. The transcripts of the otoprotecting brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) showed higher levels in response to day noise versus night noise, suggesting that BDNF-mediated signaling regulates noise sensitivity throughout the day. Administration of a selective BDNF receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase type B (TrkB), in the night protected the inner hair cell's synaptic ribbons and subsequent full recovery of hearing thresholds after night noise overexposure. The TrkB agonist shifted the phase and boosted the amplitude of circadian rhythms in the isolated cochlea. These findings highlight the coupling of circadian rhythmicity and the TrkB receptor for the successful prevention and treatment of NIHL.
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Protection of spiral ganglion neurons from degeneration using small-molecule TrkB receptor agonists. J Neurosci 2013; 33:13042-52. [PMID: 23926258 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0854-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs) play essential roles in the development and survival of neurons in PNS and CNS. In the cochlea, NTs [e.g., NT-3, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)] are required for the survival of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Preservation of SGNs in the cochlea of patients suffering sensorineural deafness caused by loss of hair cells is needed for the optimal performance of the cochlear implant. Directly applying exogenous BDNF into the cochlea prevents secondary degeneration of SGNs when hair cells are lost. However, a common translational barrier for in vivo applications of BDNF is the poor pharmacokinetics, which severely limits the efficacy. Here we report that 7,8-dihydroxyflavone and 7,8,3'-trihydroxyflavone, both small-molecule agonists of tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB), promoted SGN survival with high potency both in vitro and in vivo. These compounds increased the phosphorylated TrkB and downstream MAPK and protected the SGNs in a TrkB-dependent manner. Their applications in the bulla of conditional connexin26 null mice offered significant protection for SGN survival. The function of survived SGNs was assessed by measuring evoked action potentials (APs) in vitro and electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (eABR) thresholds in vivo. APs were reliably evoked in cultured single SGNs treated with the compounds. In addition, eABR thresholds measured from the treated cochleae were significantly lower than untreated controls. Our findings suggest that these novel small-molecule TrkB agonists are promising in vivo therapeutic agents for preventing degeneration of SGNs.
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Wong ACY, Froud KE, Hsieh YSY. Noise-induced hearing loss in the 21 st century: A research and translational update. World J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 3:58-70. [DOI: 10.5319/wjo.v3.i3.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are exposed to harmful levels of noise daily in their work and leisure environment. This makes noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) a major occupational health risk globally. NIHL is the second most common form of acquired hearing loss after age-related hearing loss and is itself a major contributing factor to presbycusis. Temporary threshold shifts, once thought to be relatively harmless and recoverable, are now known to cause permanent cochlear injury leading to permanent loss of hearing sensitivity. This article reviews the current understanding of the cellular and molecular pathophysiology of NIHL with latest findings from animal models. Therapeutic approaches to protect against or to mitigate NIHL are discussed based on their proposed action against these known mechanisms of cochlear injury. Successes in identifying genes that predispose individuals to NIHL by candidate gene association studies are discussed with matched gene knockout animal models. This links to exciting developments in experimental gene therapy to replace and regenerate lost hair cells and post-noise otoprotective therapies currently being investigated in clinical trials. The aim is to provide new insights into current and projected future strategies to manage NIHL; bench to bedside treatment is foreseeable in the next 5 to 10 years.
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