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Honda CT, Clayards M, Baum SR. Individual differences in the consistency of neural and behavioural responses to speech sounds. Brain Res 2024; 1845:149208. [PMID: 39218332 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
There are documented individual differences among adults in the consistency of speech sound processing, both at neural and behavioural levels. Some adults show more consistent neural responses to speech sounds than others, as measured by an event-related potential called the frequency-following response (FFR); similarly, some adults show more consistent behavioural responses to native speech sounds than others, as measured by two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) and visual analog scaling (VAS) tasks. Adults also differ in how successfully they can perceive non-native speech sounds. Interestingly, it remains unclear whether these differences are related within individuals. In the current study, native English-speaking adults completed native phonetic perception tasks (2AFC and VAS), a non-native (German) phonetic perception task, and an FFR recording session. From these tasks, we derived measures of the consistency of participants' neural and behavioural responses to native speech as well as their non-native perception ability. We then examined the relationships among individual differences in these measures. Analysis of the behavioural measures revealed that more consistent responses to native sounds predicted more successful perception of unfamiliar German sounds. Analysis of neural and behavioural data did not reveal clear relationships between FFR consistency and our phonetic perception measures. This multimodal work furthers our understanding of individual differences in speech processing among adults, and may eventually lead to individualized approaches for enhancing non-native language acquisition in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire T Honda
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Meghan Clayards
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, Canada; School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Linguistics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Shari R Baum
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, Canada; School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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2
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Gransier R, Carlyon RP, Richardson ML, Middlebrooks JC, Wouters J. Artifact removal by template subtraction enables recordings of the frequency following response in cochlear-implant users. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6158. [PMID: 38486005 PMCID: PMC10940306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrically evoked frequency-following responses (eFFRs) provide insight in the phase-locking ability of brainstem of cochlear-implant (CI) users. eFFRs can potentially be used to gain insight in the individual differences in the biological limitation on temporal encoding of the electrically stimulated auditory pathway, which can be inherent to the electrical stimulation itself and/or the degenerative processes associated with hearing loss. One of the major challenge of measuring eFFRs in CI users is the process of isolating the stimulation artifact from the neural response, as both the response and the artifact overlap in time and have similar frequency characteristics. Here we introduce a new artifact removal method based on template subtraction that successfully removes the stimulation artifacts from the recordings when CI users are stimulated with pulse trains from 128 to 300 pulses per second in a monopolar configuration. Our results show that, although artifact removal was successful in all CI users, the phase-locking ability of the brainstem to the different pulse rates, as assessed with the eFFR differed substantially across participants. These results show that the eFFR can be measured, free from artifacts, in CI users and that they can be used to gain insight in individual differences in temporal processing of the electrically stimulated auditory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Gransier
- ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert P Carlyon
- Cambridge Hearing Group, MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew L Richardson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Hearing Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - John C Middlebrooks
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Hearing Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Departments of Neurobiology and Behavior, Biomedical Engineering, Cognitive Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jan Wouters
- ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Lu H, Mehta AH, Oxenham AJ. Methodological considerations when measuring and analyzing auditory steady-state responses with multi-channel EEG. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 3:100061. [PMID: 36386860 PMCID: PMC9647176 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory steady-state response (ASSR) has been traditionally recorded with few electrodes and is often measured as the voltage difference between mastoid and vertex electrodes (vertical montage). As high-density EEG recording systems have gained popularity, multi-channel analysis methods have been developed to integrate the ASSR signal across channels. The phases of ASSR across electrodes can be affected by factors including the stimulus modulation rate and re-referencing strategy, which will in turn affect the estimated ASSR strength. To explore the relationship between the classical vertical-montage ASSR and whole-scalp ASSR, we applied these two techniques to the same data to estimate the strength of ASSRs evoked by tones with sinusoidal amplitude modulation rates of around 40, 100, and 200 Hz. The whole-scalp methods evaluated in our study, with either linked-mastoid or common-average reference, included ones that assume equal phase across all channels, as well as ones that allow for different phase relationships. The performance of simple averaging was compared to that of more complex methods involving principal component analysis. Overall, the root-mean-square of the phase locking values (PLVs) across all channels provided the most efficient method to detect ASSR across the range of modulation rates tested here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Anahita H. Mehta
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Andrew J. Oxenham
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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Zhang X, Gong Q. Context-dependent Plasticity and Strength of Subcortical Encoding of Musical Sounds Independently Underlie Pitch Discrimination for Music Melodies. Neuroscience 2021; 472:68-89. [PMID: 34358631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Subcortical auditory nuclei contribute to pitch perception, but how subcortical sound encoding is related to pitch processing for music perception remains unclear. Conventionally, enhanced subcortical sound encoding is considered underlying superior pitch discrimination. However, associations between superior auditory perception and the context-dependent plasticity of subcortical sound encoding are also documented. Here, we explored the subcortical neural correlates to music pitch perception by analyzing frequency-following responses (FFRs) to musical sounds presented in a predictable context and a random context. We found that the FFR inter-trial phase-locking (ITPL) was negatively correlated with behavioral performances of discrimination of pitches in music melodies. It was also negatively correlated with the plasticity indices measuring the variability of FFRs to physically identical sounds between the two contexts. The plasticity indices were consistently positively correlated with pitch discrimination performances, suggesting the subcortical context-dependent plasticity underlying music pitch perception. Moreover, the raw FFR spectral strength was not significantly correlated with pitch discrimination performances. However, it was positively correlated with behavioral performances when the FFR ITPL was controlled by partial correlations, suggesting that the strength of subcortical sound encoding underlies music pitch perception. When the spectral strength was controlled by partial correlations, the negative ITPL-behavioral correlations were maintained. Furthermore, the FFR ITPL, the plasticity indices, and the FFR spectral strength were more correlated with pitch than with rhythm discrimination performances. These findings suggest that the context-dependent plasticity and the strength of subcortical encoding of musical sounds are independently and perhaps specifically associated with pitch perception for music melodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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Gransier R, Guérit F, Carlyon RP, Wouters J. Frequency following responses and rate change complexes in cochlear implant users. Hear Res 2021; 404:108200. [PMID: 33647574 PMCID: PMC8052190 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The upper limit of rate-based pitch perception and rate discrimination can differ substantially across cochlear implant (CI) users. One potential reason for this difference is the presence of a biological limitation on temporal encoding in the electrically-stimulated auditory pathway, which can be inherent to the electrical stimulation itself and/or to the degenerative processes associated with hearing loss. Electrophysiological measures, like the electrically-evoked frequency following response (eFFR) and auditory change complex (eACC), could potentially provide valuable insights in the temporal processing limitations at the level of the brainstem and cortex in the electrically-stimulated auditory pathway. Obtaining these neural responses, free from stimulation artifacts, is challenging, especially when the neural response is phase-locked to the stimulation rate, as is the case for the eFFR. In this study we investigated the feasibility of measuring eFFRs, free from stimulation artifacts, to stimulation rates ranging from 94 to 196 pulses per second (pps) and eACCs to pulse rate changes ranging from 36 to 108%, when stimulating in a monopolar configuration. A high-sampling rate EEG system was used to measure the electrophysiological responses in five CI users, and linear interpolation was applied to remove the stimulation artifacts from the EEG. With this approach, we were able to measure eFFRs for pulse rates up to 162 pps and eACCs to the different rate changes. Our results show that it is feasible to measure electrophysiological responses, free from stimulation artifacts, that could potentially be used as neural correlates for rate and pitch processing in CI users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Gransier
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, ExpORL, Herestraat 49, Box 721, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Franҫois Guérit
- Cambridge Hearing Group, MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P Carlyon
- Cambridge Hearing Group, MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Wouters
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, ExpORL, Herestraat 49, Box 721, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Neural generators of the frequency-following response elicited to stimuli of low and high frequency: A magnetoencephalographic (MEG) study. Neuroimage 2021; 231:117866. [PMID: 33592244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequency-following response (FFR) to periodic complex sounds has gained recent interest in auditory cognitive neuroscience as it captures with great fidelity the tracking accuracy of the periodic sound features in the ascending auditory system. Seminal studies suggested the FFR as a correlate of subcortical sound encoding, yet recent studies aiming to locate its sources challenged this assumption, demonstrating that FFR receives some contribution from the auditory cortex. Based on frequency-specific phase-locking capabilities along the auditory hierarchy, we hypothesized that FFRs to higher frequencies would receive less cortical contribution than those to lower frequencies, hence supporting a major subcortical involvement for these high frequency sounds. Here, we used a magnetoencephalographic (MEG) approach to trace the neural sources of the FFR elicited in healthy adults (N = 19) to low (89 Hz) and high (333 Hz) frequency sounds. FFRs elicited to the high and low frequency sounds were clearly observable on MEG and comparable to those obtained in simultaneous electroencephalographic recordings. Distributed source modeling analyses revealed midbrain, thalamic, and cortical contributions to FFR, arranged in frequency-specific configurations. Our results showed that the main contribution to the high-frequency sound FFR originated in the inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate body of the thalamus, with no significant cortical contribution. In contrast, the low-frequency sound FFR had a major contribution located in the auditory cortices, and also received contributions originating in the midbrain and thalamic structures. These findings support the multiple generator hypothesis of the FFR and are relevant for our understanding of the neural encoding of sounds along the auditory hierarchy, suggesting a hierarchical organization of periodicity encoding.
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Lucchetti F, Nonclercq A, Avan P, Giraudet F, Fan X, Deltenre P. Subcortical neural generators of the envelope-following response in sleeping children: A transfer function analysis. Hear Res 2020; 401:108157. [PMID: 33360182 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple auditory structures, from cochlea to cortex, phase-lock to the envelope of complex stimuli. The relative contributions of these structures to the human surface-recorded envelope-following response (EFR) are still uncertain. Identification of the active contributor(s) is complicated by the fact that even the simplest two-tone (f1&f2) stimulus, targeting its (f2-f1) envelope, evokes additional linear (f1&f2) and non-linear (2f1-f2) phase-locked components as well as a transient auditory brainstem response (ABR). Here, we took advantage of the generalized primary tone phase variation method to isolate each predictable component in the time domain, allowing direct measurements of onset latency, duration and phase discontinuity values from which the involved generators were inferred. Targeting several envelope frequencies (0.22-1 kHz), we derived the EFR transfer functions along a vertical vertex-to-neck and a horizontal earlobe-to-earlobe recording channels, yielding respectively EFR-V and EFR-H waveforms. Subjects (N= 30) were sleeping children with normal electrophysiological thresholds and normal oto-acoustic emissions. Both EFR-H and EFR-V phase-locking values (PLV) transfer functions had a low-pass profile, EFR-V showing a lower cut-off frequency than EFR-H. We also computed the frequency-latency relationships of both EFRs onset latencies. EFR-H data fitted a power-law function incorporating a frequency-dependent traveling wave delay and a fixed one amounting to 1.2 ms. The fitted function nicely fell within five published estimations of the latency-frequency function of the ABR wave-I, thus pointing to a cochlear nerve origin. The absence of phase discontinuity and overall response durations that were equal to that of the stimulus indicated no contribution from a later generator. The recording of an entirely similar EFR-H response in a patient who had severe brainstem encephalitis with a normal, isolated, ABR wave-I but complete absence of later waves, further substantiated a cochlear nerve origin. Modeling of the EFR-V latency-frequency functions indicated a fixed transport time of 2 ms with respect to EFR-H onset, suggesting a cochlear nucleus (CN) origin, here also, without indication for multiple generators. Other features of the EFR-V response pointing to the CN were, at least for the EFR frequency below the cut-off values of the transfer functions, higher PLVs coupled with increased harmonic distortion. Such a behavior has been described in the so-called highly-synchronized neurons of the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN). The present study compellingly demonstrated the advantage of isolating the EFR in the temporal domain so as to extract detailed spectro-temporal parameters that, combined with orthogonal recording channels, shed new light on the involved neural generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Lucchetti
- Bio-, Electro- and Mechanical Systems, CP165/56, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, 50, Brussels 1050, Belgium; Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Sensorielle et Cognitive, CP403/22, Brugmann Hospital, Place Van Gehuchten 4, Brussels 1020, Belgium.
| | - Antoine Nonclercq
- Bio-, Electro- and Mechanical Systems, CP165/56, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, 50, Brussels 1050, Belgium; Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Sensorielle et Cognitive, CP403/22, Brugmann Hospital, Place Van Gehuchten 4, Brussels 1020, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurosensory Biophysics Unité mixte de recherche, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, University Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand F63001, France.
| | - Paul Avan
- Laboratory of Neurosensory Biophysics Unité mixte de recherche, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, University Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand F63001, France.
| | - Fabrice Giraudet
- Laboratory of Neurosensory Biophysics Unité mixte de recherche, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, University Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand F63001, France.
| | - Xiaoya Fan
- Bio-, Electro- and Mechanical Systems, CP165/56, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, 50, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
| | - Paul Deltenre
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Sensorielle et Cognitive, CP403/22, Brugmann Hospital, Place Van Gehuchten 4, Brussels 1020, Belgium.
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Coffey EBJ, Nicol T, White-Schwoch T, Chandrasekaran B, Krizman J, Skoe E, Zatorre RJ, Kraus N. Evolving perspectives on the sources of the frequency-following response. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5036. [PMID: 31695046 PMCID: PMC6834633 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory frequency-following response (FFR) is a non-invasive index of the fidelity of sound encoding in the brain, and is used to study the integrity, plasticity, and behavioral relevance of the neural encoding of sound. In this Perspective, we review recent evidence suggesting that, in humans, the FFR arises from multiple cortical and subcortical sources, not just subcortically as previously believed, and we illustrate how the FFR to complex sounds can enhance the wider field of auditory neuroscience. Far from being of use only to study basic auditory processes, the FFR is an uncommonly multifaceted response yielding a wealth of information, with much yet to be tapped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B J Coffey
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 1455 Boulevard de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada.
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), McGill University, 3640 de la Montagne, Montréal, QC, H3G 2A8, Canada.
| | - Trent Nicol
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Travis White-Schwoch
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Bharath Chandrasekaran
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Forbes Tower, 3600 Atwood St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jennifer Krizman
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Erika Skoe
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, 2 Alethia Drive, Unit 1085, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Robert J Zatorre
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), McGill University, 3640 de la Montagne, Montréal, QC, H3G 2A8, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 rue Université, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nina Kraus
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Dr., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior St., Chicago, IL, 6011, USA
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Brainstem encoding of frequency-modulated sweeps is relevant to Mandarin concurrent-vowels identification for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. Hear Res 2019; 380:123-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Zhang X, Gong Q. Frequency-Following Responses to Complex Tones at Different Frequencies Reflect Different Source Configurations. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:130. [PMID: 30872990 PMCID: PMC6402474 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural generators of the frequency-following response (FFR), a neural response widely used to study the human auditory system, remain unclear. There is evidence that the balance between cortical and subcortical contributions to the FFR varies with stimulus frequency. In this study, we tried to clarify whether this variation extended to subcortical nuclei at higher stimulus frequencies where cortical sources were inactive. We evoked FFRs, in 17 human listeners with normal hearing (9 female), with three complex tones with missing-fundamentals corresponding to musical tones C4 (262 Hz), E4 (330 Hz), and G4 (393 Hz) presented to left, right, or both ears. Source imaging results confirmed the dominance of subcortical activity underlying both fundamental frequency (F0) and second harmonic (H2) components of the FFR. Importantly, several FFR features (spatial complexity, scalp distributions of spectral strength and inter-trial phase coherence, and functional connectivity patterns) varied systematically with stimulus F0, suggesting an unfixed source configuration. We speculated that the variation of FFR source configuration with stimulus frequency resulted from changing relative contributions of subcortical nuclei. Supportively, topographic comparison between the FFR and the auditory brainstem response (ABR) evoked by clicks revealed that the topography of the F0 component resembled that of the click-ABR at an earlier latency when stimulus F0 was higher and that the topography of the H2 component resembled that of the click-ABR at a nearly fixed latency regardless of stimulus F0, particularly for binaurally evoked FFRs. Possible generation sites of the FFR and implications for future studies were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Higgins V, Hooshmand S, Adeli K. Principal component and correlation analysis of biochemical and endocrine markers in a healthy pediatric population (CALIPER). Clin Biochem 2019; 66:29-36. [PMID: 30763567 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reference intervals (i.e. normative ranges) established from a healthy reference population are essential to accurately interpret disease biomarkers. Biomarker concentration may partially depend on associations with other biomarkers due to various physiological and pathophysiological processes. In this study, a robust correlation analysis was performed to identify physiological biomarker associations in the healthy pediatric CALIPER cohort. METHODS Population reference values for 35 biochemical and 20 fertility/endocrine markers were analyzed for correlations in all subjects, male adolescents, female adolescents, and young children. Associations between biomarkers were assessed by Spearman's rank correlation and a multivariate analysis technique, principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS Of 197, 90, 59, and 32 significant correlations between biochemical markers in all subjects, male adolescents, female adolescents, and children, respectively, 23, 19, 16, and 9 were moderately strong (r > 0.5 or r < -0.5). Of 98, 24, 33, and 16 significant correlations between fertility/endocrine markers in all subjects, male adolescents, female adolescents, and children, respectively, 17, 8, 11, and 5 were moderately strong. Results were agreeable between Spearman's rank method and PCA. In some cases, biomarker correlations differed between sexes. CONCLUSIONS Using PCA, this study provides for the first time an extensive analysis of circulating biomarker associations in a healthy pediatric cohort. These data can inform future studies of potential confounding factors or particular variables that should be considered in test result interpretation for specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Higgins
- CALIPER Program, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shabnam Hooshmand
- CALIPER Program, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- CALIPER Program, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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12
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Bidelman GM. Subcortical sources dominate the neuroelectric auditory frequency-following response to speech. Neuroimage 2018; 175:56-69. [PMID: 29604459 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequency-following responses (FFRs) are neurophonic potentials that provide a window into the encoding of complex sounds (e.g., speech/music), auditory disorders, and neuroplasticity. While the neural origins of the FFR remain debated, renewed controversy has reemerged after demonstration that FFRs recorded via magnetoencephalography (MEG) are dominated by cortical rather than brainstem structures as previously assumed. Here, we recorded high-density (64 ch) FFRs via EEG and applied state-of-the art source imaging techniques to multichannel data (discrete dipole modeling, distributed imaging, independent component analysis, computational simulations). Our data confirm a mixture of generators localized to bilateral auditory nerve (AN), brainstem inferior colliculus (BS), and bilateral primary auditory cortex (PAC). However, frequency-specific scrutiny of source waveforms showed the relative contribution of these nuclei to the aggregate FFR varied across stimulus frequencies. Whereas AN and BS sources produced robust FFRs up to ∼700 Hz, PAC showed weak phase-locking with little FFR energy above the speech fundamental (100 Hz). Notably, CLARA imaging further showed PAC activation was eradicated for FFRs >150 Hz, above which only subcortical sources remained active. Our results show (i) the site of FFR generation varies critically with stimulus frequency; and (ii) opposite the pattern observed in MEG, subcortical structures make the largest contribution to electrically recorded FFRs (AN ≥ BS > PAC). We infer that cortical dominance observed in previous neuromagnetic data is likely due to the bias of MEG to superficial brain tissue, underestimating subcortical structures that drive most of the speech-FFR. Cleanly separating subcortical from cortical FFRs can be achieved by ensuring stimulus frequencies are >150-200 Hz, above the phase-locking limit of cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin M Bidelman
- School of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA; Institute for Intelligent Systems, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA; Univeristy of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Coffey EBJ, Chepesiuk AMP, Herholz SC, Baillet S, Zatorre RJ. Neural Correlates of Early Sound Encoding and their Relationship to Speech-in-Noise Perception. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:479. [PMID: 28890684 PMCID: PMC5575455 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Speech-in-noise (SIN) perception is a complex cognitive skill that affects social, vocational, and educational activities. Poor SIN ability particularly affects young and elderly populations, yet varies considerably even among healthy young adults with normal hearing. Although SIN skills are known to be influenced by top-down processes that can selectively enhance lower-level sound representations, the complementary role of feed-forward mechanisms and their relationship to musical training is poorly understood. Using a paradigm that minimizes the main top-down factors that have been implicated in SIN performance such as working memory, we aimed to better understand how robust encoding of periodicity in the auditory system (as measured by the frequency-following response) contributes to SIN perception. Using magnetoencephalograpy, we found that the strength of encoding at the fundamental frequency in the brainstem, thalamus, and cortex is correlated with SIN accuracy. The amplitude of the slower cortical P2 wave was previously also shown to be related to SIN accuracy and FFR strength; we use MEG source localization to show that the P2 wave originates in a temporal region anterior to that of the cortical FFR. We also confirm that the observed enhancements were related to the extent and timing of musicianship. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that basic feed-forward sound encoding affects SIN perception by providing better information to later processing stages, and that modifying this process may be one mechanism through which musical training might enhance the auditory networks that subserve both musical and language functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B J Coffey
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontréal, QC, Canada.,Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound ResearchMontréal, QC, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language and MusicMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexander M P Chepesiuk
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sibylle C Herholz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontréal, QC, Canada.,Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound ResearchMontréal, QC, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language and MusicMontréal, QC, Canada.,German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonn, Germany
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and MusicMontréal, QC, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert J Zatorre
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontréal, QC, Canada.,Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound ResearchMontréal, QC, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language and MusicMontréal, QC, Canada
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