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Hickok G, Venezia J, Teghipco A. Beyond Broca: neural architecture and evolution of a dual motor speech coordination system. Brain 2023; 146:1775-1790. [PMID: 36746488 PMCID: PMC10411947 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical neural architecture models of speech production propose a single system centred on Broca's area coordinating all the vocal articulators from lips to larynx. Modern evidence has challenged both the idea that Broca's area is involved in motor speech coordination and that there is only one coordination network. Drawing on a wide range of evidence, here we propose a dual speech coordination model in which laryngeal control of pitch-related aspects of prosody and song are coordinated by a hierarchically organized dorsolateral system while supralaryngeal articulation at the phonetic/syllabic level is coordinated by a more ventral system posterior to Broca's area. We argue further that these two speech production subsystems have distinguishable evolutionary histories and discuss the implications for models of language evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Hickok
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Language Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jonathan Venezia
- Auditory Research Laboratory, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Alex Teghipco
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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2
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Samandra R, Haque ZZ, Rosa MGP, Mansouri FA. The marmoset as a model for investigating the neural basis of social cognition in health and disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104692. [PMID: 35569579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Social-cognitive processes facilitate the use of environmental cues to understand others, and to be understood by others. Animal models provide vital insights into the neural underpinning of social behaviours. To understand social cognition at even deeper behavioural, cognitive, neural, and molecular levels, we need to develop more representative study models, which allow testing of novel hypotheses using human-relevant cognitive tasks. Due to their cooperative breeding system and relatively small size, common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) offer a promising translational model for such endeavours. In addition to having social behavioural patterns and group dynamics analogous to those of humans, marmosets have cortical brain areas relevant for the mechanistic analysis of human social cognition, albeit in simplified form. Thus, they are likely suitable animal models for deciphering the physiological processes, connectivity and molecular mechanisms supporting advanced cognitive functions. Here, we review findings emerging from marmoset social and behavioural studies, which have already provided significant insights into executive, motivational, social, and emotional dysfunction associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranshikha Samandra
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Zakia Z Haque
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcello G P Rosa
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Farshad Alizadeh Mansouri
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Australia.
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3
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Dissociation of Unit Activity and Gamma Oscillations during Vocalization in Primate Auditory Cortex. J Neurosci 2020; 40:4158-4171. [PMID: 32295815 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2749-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vocal production is a sensory-motor process in which auditory self-monitoring is used to ensure accurate communication. During vocal production, the auditory cortex of both humans and animals is suppressed, a phenomenon that plays an important role in self-monitoring and vocal motor control. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of this vocalization-induced suppression are unknown. γ-band oscillations (>25 Hz) have been implicated a variety of cortical functions and are thought to arise from activity of local inhibitory interneurons, but have not been studied during vocal production. We therefore examined γ-band activity in the auditory cortex of vocalizing marmoset monkeys, of either sex, and found that γ responses increased during vocal production. This increase in γ contrasts with simultaneously recorded suppression of single-unit and multiunit responses. Recorded vocal γ oscillations exhibited two separable components: a vocalization-specific nonsynchronized ("induced") response correlating with vocal suppression, and a synchronized ("evoked") response that was also present during passive sound playback. These results provide evidence for the role of cortical γ oscillations during inhibitory processing. Furthermore, the two distinct components of the γ response suggest possible mechanisms for vocalization-induced suppression, and may correspond to the sensory-motor integration of top-down and bottom-up inputs to the auditory cortex during vocal production.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Vocal communication is important to both humans and animals. In order to ensure accurate information transmission, we must monitor our own vocal output. Surprisingly, spiking activity in the auditory cortex is suppressed during vocal production yet maintains sensitivity to the sound of our own voice ("feedback"). The mechanisms of this vocalization-induced suppression are unknown. Here we show that auditory cortical γ oscillations, which reflect interneuron activity, are actually increased during vocal production, the opposite response of that seen in spiking units. We discuss these results with proposed functions of γ activity during inhibitory sensory processing and coordination of different brain regions, suggesting a role in sensory-motor integration.
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Pomberger T, Löschner J, Hage SR. Compensatory mechanisms affect sensorimotor integration during ongoing vocal motor acts in marmoset monkeys. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3531-3544. [PMID: 32170972 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Any transmission of vocal signals faces the challenge of acoustic interferences such as heavy rain, wind, animal or urban sounds. Consequently, several mechanisms and strategies have evolved to optimize signal-to-noise ratio. Examples to increase detectability are the Lombard effect, an involuntary rise in call amplitude in response to masking ambient noise, which is often associated with other vocal changes such as call frequency and duration, as well as the animals' capability of limiting calling to periods where noise perturbation is absent. Previous studies revealed vocal flexibility and various audio-vocal integration mechanisms in marmoset monkeys. Using acoustic perturbation triggered by vocal behaviour, we investigated whether marmosets are capable of exhibiting changes in call structure when perturbing noise starts after call onset or whether such effects only occur if noise perturbation starts prior to call onset. We show that marmosets are capable of rapidly modulating call amplitude and frequency in response to such noise perturbation. Vocalizations swiftly increased call frequency after noise onset indicating a rapid effect of perturbing noise on vocal motor production. Call amplitudes were also affected. Interestingly, however, the marmosets did not exhibit the Lombard effect as previously reported but decreased call intensity in response to noise. Our findings indicate that marmosets possess a general avoidance strategy to call in the presence of ambient noise and suggest that these animals are capable of counteracting a previously thought involuntary audio-vocal mechanism, the Lombard effect. These findings will pave the way to investigate the underlying audio-vocal integration mechanisms explaining these behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pomberger
- Neurobiology of Vocal Communication, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate School of Neural & Behavioural Sciences - International Max Planck Research School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Löschner
- Neurobiology of Vocal Communication, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen R Hage
- Neurobiology of Vocal Communication, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center, University of Tübingen, Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
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Eliades SJ, Wang X. Corollary Discharge Mechanisms During Vocal Production in Marmoset Monkeys. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:805-812. [PMID: 31420219 PMCID: PMC6733626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between motor systems and sensory processing are ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom and play an important role in many sensorimotor behaviors, including both human speech and animal vocalization. During vocal production, the auditory system plays important roles in both encoding feedback of produced sounds, allowing one to self-monitor for vocal errors, and simultaneously maintaining sensitivity to the outside acoustic environment. Supporting these roles is an efferent motor-to-sensory signal known as a corollary discharge. This review summarizes recent work on the role of such signaling during vocalization in the marmoset monkey, a nonhuman primate model of social vocal communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Eliades
- Auditory and Communication Systems Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Laboratory of Auditory Neurophysiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
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Pomberger T, Risueno-Segovia C, Gultekin YB, Dohmen D, Hage SR. Cognitive control of complex motor behavior in marmoset monkeys. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3796. [PMID: 31439849 PMCID: PMC6706403 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marmosets have attracted significant interest in the life sciences. Similarities with human brain anatomy and physiology, such as the granular frontal cortex, as well as the development of transgenic lines and potential for transferring rodent neuroscientific techniques to small primates make them a promising neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric model system. However, whether marmosets can exhibit complex motor tasks in highly controlled experimental designs—one of the prerequisites for investigating higher-order control mechanisms underlying cognitive motor behavior—has not been demonstrated. We show that marmosets can be trained to perform vocal behavior in response to arbitrary visual cues in controlled operant conditioning tasks. Our results emphasize the marmoset as a suitable model to study complex motor behavior and the evolution of cognitive control underlying speech. Whether marmosets can exhibit complex motor tasks in controlled experimental designs has not yet been demonstrated. Here, the authors show that marmoset monkeys can be trained to call on command in controlled operant conditioning tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pomberger
- Neurobiology of Vocal Communication, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate School of Neural & Behavioural Sciences, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tübingen, Österberg-Str. 3, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cristina Risueno-Segovia
- Neurobiology of Vocal Communication, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate School of Neural & Behavioural Sciences, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tübingen, Österberg-Str. 3, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yasemin B Gultekin
- Neurobiology of Vocal Communication, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate School of Neural & Behavioural Sciences, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tübingen, Österberg-Str. 3, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Deniz Dohmen
- Neurobiology of Vocal Communication, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate School of Neural & Behavioural Sciences, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tübingen, Österberg-Str. 3, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen R Hage
- Neurobiology of Vocal Communication, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Tramacere A, Wada K, Okanoya K, Iriki A, Ferrari PF. Auditory-Motor Matching in Vocal Recognition and Imitative Learning. Neuroscience 2019; 409:222-234. [PMID: 30742962 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Songbirds possess mirror neurons (MNs) activating during the perception and execution of specific features of songs. These neurons are located in high vocal center (HVC), a premotor nucleus implicated in song perception, production and learning, making worth to inquire their properties and functions in vocal recognition and imitative learning. By integrating a body of brain and behavioral data, we discuss neurophysiology, anatomical, computational properties and possible functions of songbird MNs. We state that the neurophysiological properties of songbird MNs depends on sensorimotor regions that are outside the auditory neural system. Interestingly, songbirds MNs can be the result of the specific type of song representation possessed by some songbird species. At the functional level, we discuss whether songbird MNs are involved in others' song recognition, by dissecting the function of recognition in various different but possible overlapping processes: action-oriented perception, discriminative-oriented perception and identification of the signaler. We conclude that songbird MNs may be involved in recognizing other singer's vocalizations, while their role in imitative learning still require to solve how auditory feedback are used to correct own vocal performance to match the tutor song. Finally, we compare songbird and human mirror responses, hypothesizing a case of convergent evolution, and proposing new experimental directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tramacere
- Max Planck for the Science of Human History, DLCE Department, Jena, Kahlaische Str 10, 07745, Germany.
| | - Kazuhiro Wada
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okanoya
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 153-8902 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iriki
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 351-0106 Saitama Prefecture, Wako, Hirosawa, Japan
| | - Pier F Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, via Volturno, 43125, Italy; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jannerod, CNRS/Universite' Claude Bernard Lyon, 67 Pd Pinel 69675, Bron Cedex, France
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Luo J, Hage SR, Moss CF. The Lombard Effect: From Acoustics to Neural Mechanisms. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:938-949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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