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Kalaivanan K. Lexical tone perception and learning in older adults: A review and future directions. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2024; 77:2023-2039. [PMID: 37873972 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231211722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
While the literature is well represented in accounting for how aging influences segmental properties of speech, less is known about its influences on suprasegmental properties such as lexical tones. In addition, foreign language learning is increasingly endorsed as being a potential intervention to boost cognitive reserve and overall well-being in older adults. Empirical studies on young learners learning lexical tones are aplenty in comparison with older learners. Challenges in this domain for older learners might be different due to aging and other learner-internal factors. This review consolidates behavioural and neuroscientific research related to lexical tone, speech perception, factors characterising learner groups, and other variables that would influence lexical tone perception and learning in older adults. Factors commonly identified to influence tone learning in younger adult populations, such as musical experience, language background, and motivation in learning a new language, are discussed in relation to older learner groups and recommendations to boost lexical tone learning in older age are provided based on existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kastoori Kalaivanan
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Swerdlow NR, Gonzalez CE, Raza MU, Gautam D, Miyakoshi M, Clayson PE, Joshi YB, Molina JL, Talledo J, Thomas ML, Light GA, Sivarao DV. Effects of Memantine on the Auditory Steady-State and Harmonic Responses to 40 Hz Stimulation Across Species. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:346-355. [PMID: 37683728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Click trains elicit an auditory steady-state response (ASSR) at the driving frequency (1F) and its integer multiple frequencies (2F, 3F, etc.) called harmonics; we call this harmonic response the steady-state harmonic response (SSHR). We describe the 40 Hz ASSR (1F) and 80 Hz SSHR (2F) in humans and rats and their sensitivity to the uncompetitive NMDA antagonist memantine. METHODS In humans (healthy control participants, n = 25; patients with schizophrenia, n = 28), electroencephalography was recorded after placebo or 20 mg memantine in a within-participant crossover design. ASSR used 1 ms, 85-dB clicks presented in 250 40/s 500-ms trains. In freely moving rats (n = 9), electroencephalography was acquired after memantine (0, 0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg) in a within-participant crossover design; 65-dB click trains used 5-mV monophasic, 1-ms square waves (40/s). RESULTS Across species, ASSR at 1F generated greater evoked power (EP) than the 2F SSHR. 1F > 2F intertrial coherence (ITC) was also detected in humans, but the opposite relationship (ITC: 2F > 1F) was seen in rats. EP and ITC at 1F were deficient in patients and were enhanced by memantine across species. EP and ITC at 2F were deficient in patients. Measures at 2F were generally insensitive to memantine across species, although in humans the ITC harmonic ratio (1F:2F) was modestly enhanced by memantine, and in rats, both the EP and ITC harmonic ratios were significantly enhanced by memantine. CONCLUSIONS ASSR and SSHR are robust, nonredundant electroencephalography signals that are suitable for cross-species analyses that reveal potentially meaningful differences across species, diagnoses, and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal R Swerdlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, San Diego Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, California.
| | - Christopher E Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, San Diego Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, California
| | - Muhammad Ummear Raza
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Deepshila Gautam
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Makoto Miyakoshi
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Peter E Clayson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Yash B Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, San Diego Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, California
| | - Juan L Molina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, San Diego Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, California
| | - Jo Talledo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael L Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Gregory A Light
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, San Diego Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, California.
| | - Digavalli V Sivarao
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
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Elmer S, Kurthen I, Meyer M, Giroud N. A multidimensional characterization of the neurocognitive architecture underlying age-related temporal speech processing. Neuroimage 2023; 278:120285. [PMID: 37481009 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is often associated with speech comprehension difficulties in everyday life situations despite a pure-tone hearing threshold in the normative range. Drawing on this background, we used a multidimensional approach to assess the functional and structural neural correlates underlying age-related temporal speech processing while controlling for pure-tone hearing acuity. Accordingly, we combined structural magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography, and collected behavioral data while younger and older adults completed a phonetic categorization and discrimination task with consonant-vowel syllables varying along a voice-onset time continuum. The behavioral results confirmed age-related temporal speech processing singularities which were reflected in a shift of the boundary of the psychometric categorization function, with older adults perceiving more syllable characterized by a short voice-onset time as /ta/ compared to younger adults. Furthermore, despite the absence of any between-group differences in phonetic discrimination abilities, older adults demonstrated longer N100/P200 latencies as well as increased P200 amplitudes while processing the consonant-vowel syllables varying in voice-onset time. Finally, older adults also exhibited a divergent anatomical gray matter infrastructure in bilateral auditory-related and frontal brain regions, as manifested in reduced cortical thickness and surface area. Notably, in the younger adults but not in the older adult cohort, cortical surface area in these two gross anatomical clusters correlated with the categorization of consonant-vowel syllables characterized by a short voice-onset time, suggesting the existence of a critical gray matter threshold that is crucial for consistent mapping of phonetic categories varying along the temporal dimension. Taken together, our results highlight the multifaceted dimensions of age-related temporal speech processing characteristics, and pave the way toward a better understanding of the relationships between hearing, speech and the brain in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Elmer
- Department of Computational Linguistics, Computational Neuroscience of Speech & Hearing, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Competence center Language & Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ira Kurthen
- Department of Computational Linguistics, Computational Neuroscience of Speech & Hearing, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Meyer
- Department of Comparative Language Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Neuroscience Zurich, University and ETH of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution (ISLE), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Cognitive Psychology Unit, Alpen-Adria University, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Nathalie Giroud
- Department of Computational Linguistics, Computational Neuroscience of Speech & Hearing, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Neuroscience Zurich, University and ETH of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Competence center Language & Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Roux J, Hanekom JJ. Effect of stimulation parameters on sequential current-steered stimuli in cochlear implants. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:609. [PMID: 35931549 DOI: 10.1121/10.0012763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of cochlear implant (CI) place pitch was carried out with current steering by stimulating two CI electrodes sequentially. The objective was to investigate whether shifts in activated neural populations could be achieved to produce salient pitch differences and to determine which stimulation parameters would be more effective in steering of current. These were the pulse rate and pulse width of electrical stimuli and the distance between the two current-steering electrodes. Nine CI users participated, and ten ears were tested. The pattern of pitch changes was not consistent across listeners, but the data suggest that individualized selection of stimulation parameters may be used to effect place pitch changes with sequential current steering. Individual analyses showed that pulse width generally had little influence on the effectiveness of current steering with sequential stimuli, while more salient place pitch shifts were often achieved at wider electrode spacing or when the stimulation pulse rate was the same as that indicated on the clinical MAP (the set of stimulation parameters) of the listener. Results imply that current steering may be used in CIs that allow only sequential stimulation to achieve place pitch manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanie Roux
- Bioengineering, Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, University Road, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Johan J Hanekom
- Bioengineering, Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, University Road, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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