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Gao Y, Wei Y, Chen Y, Jiang S, Ye J, Xu F, Jin P, Ding P, Shao X. PpWRKY33 positively regulates PpPGIP1 to enhance defense against Monilinia fructicola in peach fruit. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135350. [PMID: 39242007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
In plant-pathogen interactions, numerous pathogens secrete polygalacturonase (PG) to degrade plants cell walls, whereas plants produce PG-inhibiting protein (PGIP) that specifically binds to pathogen-derived PG to inhibit its activity and resist pathogen infection. In the present study, we dshowed that PpPGIP1 was significantly upregulated in peaches after Monilinia fructicola infection, and the prokaryotic expression of the PpPGIP1 protein inhibited M. fructicola by mitigating its PG activity. Transient overexpression of PpPGIP1 in peaches significantly enhanced their resistance to M. fructicola. PpPGIP1 promoter had several W-box the defense elements that can bind to WRKY transcription factors. Transcriptome analysis identified 20 differentially expressed WRKY genes, including the classic disease resistance gene WRKY33. PpWRKY33 is significantly upregulated in M. fructicola infected peaches. PpWRKY33 is localized in the nucleus and can bind to the W-box in the PpPGIP1 promoter to transcriptional activate the expression of PpPGIP1. Transient overexpression PpWRKY33 upregulated PpPGIP1 expression in peaches, and silencing PpWRKY33 decreased the PpPGIP1 expression. These results indicated that PpPGIP1 positively regulates fungal disease resistance in peaches and is transcriptionally activated by PpWRKY33. These findings reveal the disease resistant role of PpPGIP1 in peaches, and provide new insights into its transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinli Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Shu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Jianfen Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Phebe Ding
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
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Li ZX, Chen M, Miao YX, Li Q, Ren Y, Zhang WL, Lan JB, Liu YQ. The role of AcPGIP in the kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) response to Botrytis cinerea. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:1254-1263. [PMID: 34600600 DOI: 10.1071/fp21054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is rich in nutritional and medicinal value. However, the organism responsible for grey mould, Botrytis cinerea, causes great economic losses and food safety problems to the kiwifruit industry. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying postharvest kiwifruit responses to B. cinerea is important for preventing grey mould decay and enhancing resistance breeding. Kiwifruit cv. 'Hongyang' was used as experimental material. The AcPGIP gene was cloned and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to explore the function of the polygalacturonase inhibiting protein (PGIP) gene in kiwifruit resistance to B. cinerea. Virus-induced silencing of AcPGIP resulted in enhanced susceptibility of kiwifruit to B. cinerea. Antioxidant enzymes, secondary metabolites and endogenous hormones were analysed to investigate kiwifruit responses to B. cinerea infection. Kiwifruit effectively activated antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolite production in response to B. cinerea, which significantly increased Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin 3 (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) content relative to those in uninfected fruit. Silencing of AcPGIP enabled kiwifruit to quickly activate hormone-signaling pathways through an alternative mechanism to trigger defence responses against B. cinerea infection. These results expand our understanding of the regulatory mechanism for disease resistance in kiwifruit; further, they provide gene-resource reserves for molecular breeding of kiwifruit for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Xin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China
| | - Min Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China
| | | | - Qiang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China
| | - Yun Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China
| | - Wen-Lin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China
| | - Jian-Bin Lan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China
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Dunker K, de la Torre Canny SG, Nordgård CT, Dague E, Formosa-Dague C, Bakke I, Sletmoen M. Elucidating bacterial adhesion to mucosal surface by an original AFM approach. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:244. [PMID: 34488629 PMCID: PMC8422614 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fish skin represents an ancient vertebrate mucosal surface, sharing characteristics with other mucosal surfaces including those of the intestine. The skin mucosa is continuously exposed to microbes in the surrounding water and is therefore important in the first line defense against environmental pathogens by preventing bacteria from accessing the underlying surfaces. Understanding the microbe-host interactions at the fish skin mucosa is highly relevant in order to understand and control infection, commensalism, colonization, persistence, infection, and disease. Here we investigate the interactions between the pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas salmonicida (A. salmonicida) and Yersinia ruckeri (Y. ruckeri), respectively, and the skin mucosal surface of Atlantic salmon fry using AFM force spectroscopy. Results The results obtained revealed that when retracting probes functionalized with bacteria from surfaces coated with immobilized mucins, isolated from salmon mucosal surfaces, rupture events reflecting the disruption of adhesive interactions were observed, with rupture strengths centered around 200 pN. However, when retracting probes functionalized with bacteria from the intact mucosal surface of salmon fish fry no adhesive interactions could be detected. Furthermore, rheological measurements revealed a near fluid-like behavior for the fish fry skin mucus. Taken together, the experimental data indicate that the adhesion between the mucin molecules within the mucous layer may be significantly weaker than the interaction between the bacteria and the mucin molecules. The bacteria, immobilized on the AFM probe, do bind to individual mucins in the mucosal layer, but are released from the near fluid mucus with little resistance upon retraction of the AFM probe, to which they are immobilized. Conclusion The data provided in the current paper reveal that A. salmonicida and Y. ruckeri do bind to the immobilized mucins. However, when retracting the bacteria from intact mucosal surfaces, no adhesive interactions are detected. These observations suggest a mechanism underlying the protective function of the mucosal surface based on the clearing of potential threats by adhering them to loosely attached mucus that is subsequently released from the fish skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Dunker
- Department of Biotechnology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sol Gomez de la Torre Canny
- Department of Biotechnology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Catherine Taylor Nordgård
- Department of Biotechnology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Etienne Dague
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Ingrid Bakke
- Department of Biotechnology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Sletmoen
- Department of Biotechnology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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Hou W, Singh RK, Zhao P, Martins V, Aguilar E, Canto T, Tenllado F, Franklin G, Dias ACP. Overexpression of polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) gene from Hypericum perforatum alters expression of multiple defense-related genes and modulates recalcitrance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens in tobacco. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 253:153268. [PMID: 32947246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L is a remarkable source of high-value secondary metabolites with increasing applications in pharmaceutical industry. However, improvement in the production of secondary metabolites through genetic engineering is a demanding task, as H. perforatum is not amenable to Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. In this study, we identified a Polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) gene from a subtractive cDNA library of A. tumefaciens-treated H. perforatum suspension cells. The role of HpPGIP in defense against A. tumefaciens was analyzed in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum overexpressing HpPGIP alone or fused at the N-terminus to Phenolic oxidative coupling protein (Hyp-1), a gene that positively modulates resistance to A. tumefaciens. Furthermore, virus-induced gene silencing was employed to knock down the expression of the PGIP homologous in N. benthamiana. Results showed that Agrobacterium-mediated expression efficiency greatly decreased in both HpPGIP and Hyp-1-PGIP transgenic plants, as assessed by GUS staining assays. However, silencing of PGIP in N. benthamiana increased the resistance to A. tumefaciens rather than susceptibility, which correlated with induction of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs). The expression of core genes involved in several defense pathways was also analyzed in transgenic tobacco plants. Overexpression of HpPGIP led to up-regulation of key genes involved in hormone signaling, microRNA-based gene silencing, homeostasis of reactive oxygen species, and the phenylpropanoid pathway. Overexpression of Hyp-1-PGIP seemed to enhance the effect of PGIP on the expression of most genes analyzed. Moreover, HpPGIP was detected in the cytoplasm, nucleus and the plasma membrane or cell wall by confocal microscopy. Overall, our findings suggest HpPGIP modulates recalcitrance to A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation in H. perforatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Hou
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rupesh Kumar Singh
- Centre of chemistry of Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Viviana Martins
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Emmanuel Aguilar
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Tomás Canto
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Francisco Tenllado
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Gregory Franklin
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alberto Carlos Pires Dias
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Center of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Haeger W, Henning J, Heckel DG, Pauchet Y, Kirsch R. Direct evidence for a new mode of plant defense against insects via a novel polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein expression strategy. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11833-11844. [PMID: 32611768 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell wall-associated polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. They play a crucial role in plant defense against phytopathogens by inhibiting microbial polygalacturonases (PGs). PGs hydrolyze the cell wall polysaccharide pectin and are among the first enzymes to be secreted during plant infection. Recent studies demonstrated that herbivorous insects express their own PG multi-gene families, raising the question whether PGIPs also inhibit insect PGs and protect plants from herbivores. Preliminary evidence suggested that PGIPs may negatively influence larval growth of the leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and identified BrPGIP3 from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) as a candidate. PGIPs are predominantly studied in planta because their heterologous expression in microbial systems is problematic and instability and aggregation of recombinant PGIPs has complicated in vitro inhibition assays. To minimize aggregate formation, we heterologously expressed BrPGIP3 fused to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor, immobilizing it on the extracellular surface of insect cells. We demonstrated that BrPGIP3_GPI inhibited several P. cochleariae PGs in vitro, providing the first direct evidence of an interaction between a plant PGIP and an animal PG. Thus, plant PGIPs not only confer resistance against phytopathogens, but may also aid in defense against herbivorous beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Haeger
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Henning
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - David G Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Yannick Pauchet
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Roy Kirsch
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Novel biotechnological strategies to combat biotic stresses: polygalacturonase inhibitor (PGIP) proteins as a promising comprehensive option. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2333-2342. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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