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Immune microenvironment: novel perspectives on bone regeneration disorder in osteoradionecrosis of the jaws. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 392:413-430. [PMID: 36737519 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoradionecrosis of the jaws (ORNJ) is a severe complication that occurs after radiotherapy of head and neck malignancies. Clinically, conservative treatments and surgeries for ORNJ exhibited certain therapeutic effects, whereas the regenerative disorder of the post-radiation jaw remains a pending problem to be solved. In recent years, the recognition of the role of the immune microenvironment has led to a shift from an osteoblasts (OBs) or bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs)-centered view of bone regeneration to the concept of a complicated microecosystem that supports bone regeneration. Current advances in osteoimmunology have uncovered novel targets within the immune microenvironment to help improve various regeneration therapies, notably therapies potentiating the interaction between BMSCs and immune cells. However, these researches lack a thorough understanding of the immune microenvironment and the interaction network of immune cells in the course of bone regeneration, especially for the post-operative defect of ORNJ. This review summarized the composition of the immune microenvironment during bone regeneration, how the immune microenvironment interacts with the skeletal system, and discussed existing and potential strategies aimed at targeting cellular and molecular immune microenvironment components.
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2
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Enhanced osteogenic effect in reduced BMP-2 doses with siNoggin transfected pre-osteoblasts in 3D silk scaffolds. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121352. [PMID: 34883207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), especially BMP-2, are being increasingly used in bone tissue engineering due to its osteo-inductive effects. Although recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) was approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to use for bone repair, its high doses cause undesired side effects. In order to reduce the BMP-2 dose for enhanced osteogenic differentiation, in this study we decided to suppress the synthesis of Noggin protein, the primary antagonist of BMP-2, on the MC3T3-E1 cells using Noggin targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA). Unlike other studies, Noggin siRNA (siNoggin) transfected cells were seeded on silk scaffolds, and osteogenic differentiation was investigated for a long-term period (21 days) with MTT, qPCR, SEM/EDS, and histological analysis. Besides, siNoggin transfected MC3T3-E1 cells were evaluated as a new cell source for tissue engineering studies. It was determined that Nog gene expression was suppressed in the siNoggin group and Ocn gene expression increased 5-fold compared to the control group (*p < 0.05). The osteogenic effect of BMP-2 was clearly observed in siNoggin transfected cells. According to the SEM/EDS analysis, the siNoggin group has mineral structures clustered on cells, which contain intense Ca and P elements. Histological staining showed that the siNoggin group has a more intense mineralized area than that of the control group. In conclusion, this study indicated that Noggin silencing by siRNA induces osteogenic differentiation in reduced BMP-2 doses for scaffold-based bone regeneration. This non-gene integration strategy has as a safe therapeutic potential to enhance tissue regeneration.
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Atas N, Çakır B, Bakır F, Uçar M, Satış H, Güz GT, Demirel KD, Babaoğlu H, Salman RB, Güler AA, Karadeniz H, Haznedaroğlu Ş, Göker B, Öztürk MA, Tufan A. The impact of anti-TNF treatment on Wnt signaling, noggin, and cytokine levels in axial spondyloarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:1381-1389. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06070-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Sidharthan DS, Abhinandan R, Balagangadharan K, Selvamurugan N. Advancements in nucleic acids-based techniques for bone regeneration. Biotechnol J 2021; 17:e2100570. [PMID: 34882984 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic biology of bone involving an enormous magnitude of cellular interactions and signaling transduction provides ample biomolecular targets, which can be enhanced or repressed to mediate a rapid regeneration of the impaired bone tissue. The delivery of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA can enhance the expression of osteogenic proteins. Members of the RNA interference pathway such as miRNA and siRNA can repress negative osteoblast differentiation regulators. Advances in nanomaterials have provided researchers with a plethora of delivery modules that can ensure proper transfection. Combining the nucleic acid carrying vectors with bone scaffolds has met with tremendous success in accomplishing bone formation. Recent years have witnessed the advent of CRISPR and DNA nanostructures in regenerative medicine. This review focuses on the delivery of nucleic acids and touches upon the prospect of CRISPR and DNA nanostructures for bone tissue engineering, emphasizing their potential in treating bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmaraj Saleth Sidharthan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranganathan Abhinandan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalimuthu Balagangadharan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kim S, Fan J, Lee CS, Chen C, Lee M. Sulfonate Hydrogel-siRNA Conjugate Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Controlled Gene Silencing and Activation of BMP Signaling. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5189-5200. [PMID: 34661086 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been widely used in bone tissue engineering due to their tunable characteristics that allow facile modifications with various biochemical properties to support cell growth and guide proper cell functions. Herein, we report a design of hydrogel-siRNA conjugate that facilitates osteogenesis via gene silencing and activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. A sulfonate hydrogel is prepared by modifying chitosan with sulfoacetic acid to mimic a natural sulfated polysaccharide and to provide a hydrogel surface that enables BMP binding. Then, siRNA targeting noggin, an endogenous extracellular antagonist of BMP signaling, is covalently conjugated to the sulfonate hydrogel by visible blue light crosslinking. The sulfonate hydrogel-siRNA conjugate is efficient to bind BMPs and also successfully prolongs the release of siRNA for sustained noggin suppression, thereby resulting in significantly increased osteogenic differentiation. Lastly, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is incorporated into the sulfonate hydrogel-siRNA conjugate, wherein the DBM incorporation induces noggin expression via a negative feedback mechanism that regulates BMP signaling in DBM. However, simultaneous delivery of siRNA downregulates noggin thus facilitating endogenous BMP activity and enhancing the osteogenic efficacy of DBM. These findings support a promising hydrogel RNA silencing platform for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyon Kim
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jiabing Fan
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Chung-Sung Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Bez M, Pelled G, Gazit D. BMP gene delivery for skeletal tissue regeneration. Bone 2020; 137:115449. [PMID: 32447073 PMCID: PMC7354211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are common and can be associated with significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. Current treatments for major bone loss or cartilage defects are insufficient. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are key players in the recruitment and regeneration of damaged musculoskeletal tissues, and attempts have been made to introduce the protein to fracture sites with limited success. In the last 20 years we have seen a substantial progress in the development of various BMP gene delivery platforms for several conditions. In this review we cover the progress made using several techniques for BMP gene delivery for bone as well as cartilage regeneration, with focus on recent advances in the field of skeletal tissue engineering. Some methods have shown success in large animal models, and with the global trend of introducing gene therapies into the clinical setting, it seems that the day in which BMP gene therapy will be viable for clinical use is near.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Bez
- Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Israel; Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Gadi Pelled
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel; Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Dan Gazit
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel; Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Xia CP, Pan T, Zhang N, Guo JR, Yang BW, Zhang D, Li J, Xu K, Meng Z, He H. Sp1 promotes dental pulp stem cell osteoblastic differentiation through regulating noggin. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 50:101504. [PMID: 31904417 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Based on the high self-renewal ability and osteoblastic differentiation capacity, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are suggested to be promising cell source for osteogenesis. Therefore, illustrating the mechanism of osteoblastic differentiation of DPSCs is required. This current study aims to illustrate the role and mechanism of Sp1 in regulating osteoblastic differentiation of DPSCs. In this study, we downregulated Sp1 in DPSCs and evaluated the osteoblastic differentiation by measuring Runx2 and OCN expression with Western blot analysis and by Alizarin red staining. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanism of Sp1 regulating noggin with Firefly luciferase reporter gene assay and ChIP assay, and correspondingly evaluated the function of noggin in Sp1-regulated osteoblastic differentiation of DPSCs. We found that knockdown of Sp1 inhibits the expression of ALP, Runx2, COL1A1 and OCN, and decreases ALP staining, Alizarin red staining. Sp1 binds to noggin promoter and inhibits noggin expression, thus correspondingly regulates DPSCs osteoblastic differentiation. In conclusion, our study revealed that Sp1 regulates DPSCs osteoblastic differentiation through noggin and that Sp1/noggin can provide new perspective for enhancing DPSCs osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Peng Xia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, 430079, China; Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng University, 67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China; Precision Biomedical Key Laboratory of Liaocheng, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China; Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng University, 67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Jian-Ran Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng University, 67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China; Precision Biomedical Key Laboratory of Liaocheng, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Bing-Wu Yang
- Precision Biomedical Key Laboratory of Liaocheng, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng University, 67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China; Precision Biomedical Key Laboratory of Liaocheng, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng University, 67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China; Precision Biomedical Key Laboratory of Liaocheng, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng University, 67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China; Precision Biomedical Key Laboratory of Liaocheng, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng University, 67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China; Precision Biomedical Key Laboratory of Liaocheng, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
| | - Hong He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, 430079, China; Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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8
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Mikkola L, Holopainen S, Pessa-Morikawa T, Lappalainen AK, Hytönen MK, Lohi H, Iivanainen A. Genetic dissection of canine hip dysplasia phenotypes and osteoarthritis reveals three novel loci. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:1027. [PMID: 31881848 PMCID: PMC6935090 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis continue to be prevalent problems in veterinary and human medicine. Canine hip dysplasia is particularly problematic as it massively affects several large-sized breeds and can cause a severe impairment of the quality of life. In Finland, the complex condition is categorized to five classes from normal to severe dysplasia, but the categorization includes several sub-traits: congruity of the joint, Norberg angle, subluxation degree of the joint, shape and depth of the acetabulum, and osteoarthritis. Hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis have been proposed to have separate genetic etiologies. Results Using Fédération Cynologique Internationale -standardized ventrodorsal radiographs, German shepherds were rigorously phenotyped for osteoarthritis, and for joint incongruity by Norberg angle and femoral head center position in relation to dorsal acetabular edge. The affected dogs were categorized into mild, moderate and severe dysplastic phenotypes using official hip scores. Three different genome-wide significant loci were uncovered. The strongest candidate genes for hip joint incongruity were noggin (NOG), a bone and joint developmental gene on chromosome 9, and nanos C2HC-type zinc finger 1 (NANOS1), a regulator of matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) on chromosome 28. Osteoarthritis mapped to a long intergenic region on chromosome 1, between genes encoding for NADPH oxidase 3 (NOX3), an intriguing candidate for articular cartilage degradation, and AT-rich interactive domain 1B (ARID1B) that has been previously linked to joint laxity. Conclusions Our findings highlight the complexity of canine hip dysplasia phenotypes. In particular, the results of this study point to the potential involvement of specific and partially distinct loci and genes or pathways in the development of incongruity, mild dysplasia, moderate-to-severe dysplasia and osteoarthritis of canine hip joints. Further studies should unravel the unique and common mechanisms for the various sub-traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Mikkola
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66 (Mustialankatu 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saila Holopainen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66 (Mustialankatu 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Pessa-Morikawa
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66 (Mustialankatu 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu K Lappalainen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo K Hytönen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66 (Mustialankatu 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66 (Mustialankatu 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Iivanainen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66 (Mustialankatu 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Hong G, He X, Shen Y, Chen X, Yang F, Yang P, Pang F, Han X, He W, Wei Q. Chrysosplenetin promotes osteoblastogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells via Wnt/β-catenin pathway and enhances osteogenesis in estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:277. [PMID: 31464653 PMCID: PMC6716882 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrysosplenetin is an O-methylated flavonol compound isolated from the plant Chamomilla recutita and Laggera pterodonta. The aim of our research is to evaluate the function of Chrysosplenetin on osteogenesis of human-derived bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) and inhibition of estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. METHOD hBMSCs are cultured and treated by Chrysosplenetin in the absence or presence of Wnt inhibitor dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) or bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) antagonist Noggin. RT-qPCR is taken to identify the genetic expression of target genes of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and osteoblast-specific markers. The situation of β-catenin is measured by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. An ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model is set up to detect the bone loss suppression by injecting Chrysosplenetin. Micro-CT and histological assay are performed to evaluate the protection of bone matrix and osteoblast number. Serum markers related with osteogenesis are detected by ELISA. RESULTS In the present study, it is found that Chrysosplenetin time-dependently promoted proliferation and osteoblastogenesis of hBMSCs reaching its maximal effects at a concentration of 10 μM. The expressions of target genes of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and osteoblast-specific marker genes are enhanced by Chrysosplenetin treatment. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of β-catenin is decreased, and nuclear translocation of β-catenin is promoted by Chrysosplenetin. Osteogenesis effects mentioned above are founded to be blocked by DKK1 or BMP2 antagonist Noggin. In vivo study reveals that Chrysosplenetin prevents estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in OVX mice detected by Micro-CT, histological analysis, and ELISA. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that Chrysosplenetin improves osteoblastogenesis of hBMSCs and osteogenesis in estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss by regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoju Hong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming He
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingshan Shen
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yang
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yang
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxiang Pang
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorui Han
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Hip Preserving Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3 Orthopaedic Region, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiushi Wei
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Hip Preserving Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3 Orthopaedic Region, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Mikkola LI, Holopainen S, Lappalainen AK, Pessa-Morikawa T, Augustine TJP, Arumilli M, Hytönen MK, Hakosalo O, Lohi H, Iivanainen A. Novel protective and risk loci in hip dysplasia in German Shepherds. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008197. [PMID: 31323019 PMCID: PMC6668854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine hip dysplasia is a common, non-congenital, complex and hereditary disorder. It can inflict severe pain via secondary osteoarthritis and lead to euthanasia. An analogous disorder exists in humans. The genetic background of hip dysplasia in both species has remained ambiguous despite rigorous studies. We aimed to investigate the genetic causes of this disorder in one of the high-risk breeds, the German Shepherd. We performed genetic analyses with carefully phenotyped case-control cohorts comprising 525 German Shepherds. In our genome-wide association studies we identified four suggestive loci on chromosomes 1 and 9. Targeted resequencing of the two loci on chromosome 9 from 24 affected and 24 control German Shepherds revealed deletions of variable sizes in a putative enhancer element of the NOG gene. NOG encodes for noggin, a well-described bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor affecting multiple developmental processes, including joint development. The deletion was associated with the healthy controls and mildly dysplastic dogs suggesting a protective role against canine hip dysplasia. Two enhancer variants displayed a decreased activity in a dual luciferase reporter assay. Our study identifies novel loci and candidate genes for canine hip dysplasia, with potential regulatory variants in the NOG gene. Further research is warranted to elucidate how the identified variants affect the expression of noggin in canine hips, and what the potential effects of the other identified loci are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea I. Mikkola
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saila Holopainen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu K. Lappalainen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Meharji Arumilli
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo K. Hytönen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Osmo Hakosalo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Iivanainen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Multilayer nanoscale functionalization to treat disorders and enhance regeneration of bone tissue. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 19:22-38. [PMID: 31002932 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The coatings application onto medical devices has experienced a continuous growth in the last few years. Medical device coating market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.16% to reach USD 10 million by 2023 due to the increasing geriatric population and the growing demand for continuous innovation. Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembly represents a versatile method to modify the surface properties, in order to control cell interaction and thus enhance biological functions. Furthermore, LbL is environmentally friendly, able to coat all types of surfaces with the creation of homogenous film and to include and control the release of biomolecules/drugs. This feature review provides a critical overview on recent progresses in functionalizing materials by LbL assembly for bone regeneration and disorder treatment. An overview of emerging and visionary opportunities on LbL technologies and further combination with other existing methods used in biomedical field, is also discussed to evidence the new challenges and potential developments in bone regenerative medicine.
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