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Wu Z, Wu D, Zhong Q, Zou X, Liu Z, Long H, Wei J, Li X, Dai F. The role of zyxin in signal transduction and its relationship with diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1371549. [PMID: 38712343 PMCID: PMC11070705 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1371549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This review highlighted the pivotal role of zyxin, an essential cell focal adhesions protein, in cellular biology and various diseases. Zyxin can orchestrate the restructuring and dynamic alterations of the cellular cytoskeleton, which is involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, motility, and gene transcription. Aberrant zyxin expression is closely correlated with tumor cell activity and cardiac function in both tumorigenesis and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, in fibrotic and inflammatory conditions, zyxin can modulate cellular functions and inflammatory responses. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of zyxin is crucial for deciphering signal transduction networks and disease pathogenesis. Investigating its role in diseases holds promise for novel avenues in early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, targeting zyxin as a therapeutic focal point presents challenges in terms of specificity, safety, drug delivery, and resistance. Nonetheless, in-depth studies on zyxin and the application of precision medicine could offer new possibilities for personalized treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelan Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Daiqin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Zhong
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xue Zou
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhongjing Liu
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hehua Long
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xia Li
- Guizhou Precision Medicine Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fangjie Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Huang Y, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Shi X, Jiang S, Pu W, Liu J, Ma Y, Lin J, Lin J, Wu W, Gong Y, Wang J, Liu Q. Enhancement of Zyxin Promotes Skin Fibrosis by Regulating FAK/PI3K/AKT and TGF-β Signaling Pathways via Integrins. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:2394-2408. [PMID: 37215989 PMCID: PMC10197900 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.77649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin fibrosis is a common pathological manifestation in systemic sclerosis (SSc), keloid, and localized scleroderma (LS) characterized by fibroblast activation and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. However, few effective drugs are available to treat skin fibrosis due to its unclear mechanisms. In our study, we reanalyzed skin RNA-sequencing data of Caucasian, African, and Hispanic SSc patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We found that the focal adhesion pathway was up-regulated and Zyxin appeared to be the primary focal adhesion protein involved in skin fibrosis, and we further verified its expression in Chinese skin tissues of several fibrotic diseases, including SSc, keloid, and LS. Moreover, we found Zyxin inhibition could significantly alleviate skin fibrosis using Zyxin knock-down and knock-out mice, nude mouse model and skin explants of human keloid. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that Zyxin was highly expressed in fibroblasts. Further analysis revealed pro-fibrotic gene expression and collagen production increased in Zyxin over-expressed fibroblasts, and decreased in Zyxin interfered SSc fibroblasts. In addition, transcriptome and cell culture analyses revealed Zyxin inhibition could effectively attenuate skin fibrosis by regulating the FAK/PI3K/AKT and TGF-β signaling pathways via integrins. These results suggest Zyxin appears a potential new therapeutic target for skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Nanjing Intellectual Property Protection Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangguang Shi
- Division of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Six-sector Economy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- Institute for Six-sector Economy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juiming Lin
- Division of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology Shanghai, China
| | - Jinran Lin
- Division of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Division of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Jing' an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyi Gong
- Division of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Division of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Tang H, Liu S, Luo X, Sun Y, Li X, Luo K, Liao S, Li F, Liang J, Zhan X, Wei Q, Liu Y, He M. A novel molecular signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in osteosarcoma based on tumor-infiltrating cell marker genes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1150588. [PMID: 37090691 PMCID: PMC10117669 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1150588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), the main component in the tumor microenvironment, play a critical role in the antitumor immune response. Few studies have developed a prognostic model based on TILs in osteosarcoma.MethodsScRNA-seq data was obtained from our previous research and bulk RNA transcriptome data was from TARGET database. WGCNA was used to obtain the immune-related gene modules. Subsequently, we applied LASSO regression analysis and SVM algorithm to construct a prognostic model based on TILs marker genes. What’s more, the prognostic model was verified by external datasets and experiment in vitro. ResultsEleven cell clusters and 2044 TILs marker genes were identified. WGCNA results showed that 545 TILs marker genes were the most strongly related with immune. Subsequently, a risk model including 5 genes was developed. We found that the survival rate was higher in the low-risk group and the risk model could be used as an independent prognostic factor. Meanwhile, high-risk patients had a lower abundance of immune cell infiltration and many immune checkpoint genes were highly expressed in the low-risk group. The prognostic model was also demonstrated to be a good predictive capacity in external datasets. The result of RT-qPCR indicated that these 5 genes have differential expression which accorded with the predicting outcomes.ConclusionsThis study developed a new molecular signature based on TILs marker genes, which is very effective in predicting OS prognosis and immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Tang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shangyu Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoting Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangde Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shijie Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Feicui Li
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiming Liang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingjun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Maolin He, ; Yun Liu,
| | - Maolin He
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Maolin He, ; Yun Liu,
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Haage A, Dhasarathy A. Working a second job: Cell adhesion proteins that moonlight in the nucleus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1163553. [PMID: 37169022 PMCID: PMC10164977 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1163553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are adept at sensing changes in their environment, transmitting signals internally to coordinate responses to external stimuli, and thereby influencing adaptive changes in cell states and behavior. Often, this response involves modulation of gene expression in the nucleus, which is seen largely as a physically separated process from the rest of the cell. Mechanosensing, whereby a cell senses physical stimuli, and integrates and converts these inputs into downstream responses including signaling cascades and gene regulatory changes, involves the participation of several macromolecular structures. Of note, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its constituent macromolecules comprise an essential part of the cellular microenvironment, allowing cells to interact with each other, and providing both structural and biochemical stimuli sensed by adhesion transmembrane receptors. This highway of information between the ECM, cell adhesion proteins, and the cytoskeleton regulates cellular behavior, the disruption of which results in disease. Emerging evidence suggests a more direct role for some of these adhesion proteins in chromatin structure and gene regulation, RNA maturation and other non-canonical functions. While many of these discoveries were previously limited to observations of cytoplasmic-nuclear transport, recent advances in microscopy, and biochemical, proteomic and genomic technologies have begun to significantly enhance our understanding of the impact of nuclear localization of these proteins. This review will briefly cover known cell adhesion proteins that migrate to the nucleus, and their downstream functions. We will outline recent advances in this very exciting yet still emerging field, with impact ranging from basic biology to disease states like cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Haage
- *Correspondence: Amanda Haage, ; Archana Dhasarathy,
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Partynska A, Gomulkiewicz A, Piotrowska A, Grzegrzolka J, Rzechonek A, Ratajczak-Wielgomas K, Podhorska-Okolow M, Dziegiel P. Expression of Zyxin in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-A Preliminary Study. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060827. [PMID: 35740950 PMCID: PMC9221212 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The potential involvement of zyxin (ZYX) in carcinogenesis has been investigated in many cancer types. However, there are a limited number of studies on the role of ZYX in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Since lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed carcinomas, the aim of our study was to determine the localization and expression levels of ZYX in NSCLC and to correlate the results with the clinicopathological data. Materials and Methods: The expression of ZYX was assessed in NSCLC cases and in cell lines representing this tumor type. Levels of ZYX were determined in the clinical material using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western Blot. Real-time PCR was used to assess ZYX mRNA levels. The expression of ZYX was also checked in NSCLC cell lines using real-time PCR, Western Blot, and immunofluorescence/immunocytochemistry. Results: The results showed lower levels of ZYX in NSCLC cells compared with control tissues. This trend was observed at the protein and mRNA levels. The assays on the NSCLC model also demonstrated lower levels of ZYX in cancer cells compared with control cells. Conclusions: The decreased expression of ZYX in NSCLC may indicate a suppressor role of this protein in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Partynska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (K.R.-W.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Gomulkiewicz
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (K.R.-W.); (P.D.)
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (K.R.-W.); (P.D.)
| | - Jedrzej Grzegrzolka
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (K.R.-W.); (P.D.)
| | - Adam Rzechonek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Ratajczak-Wielgomas
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (K.R.-W.); (P.D.)
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okolow
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (K.R.-W.); (P.D.)
- Division of Human Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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Balestra T, Manara MC, Laginestra MA, Pasello M, De Feo A, Bassi C, Guerzoni C, Landuzzi L, Lollini PL, Donati DM, Negrini M, Magnani M, Scotlandi K. Targeting CD99 Compromises the Oncogenic Effects of the Chimera EWS-FLI1 by Inducing Reexpression of Zyxin and Inhibition of GLI1 Activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:58-69. [PMID: 34667115 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma, a highly aggressive pediatric tumor, is driven by EWS-FLI1, an oncogenic transcription factor that remodels the tumor genetic landscape. Epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role in Ewing sarcoma pathogenesis, and the therapeutic value of compounds targeting epigenetic pathways is being identified in preclinical models. Here, we showed that modulation of CD99, a cell surface molecule highly expressed in Ewing sarcoma cells, may alter transcriptional dysregulation in Ewing sarcoma through control of the zyxin-GLI1 axis. Zyxin is transcriptionally repressed, but GLI1 expression is maintained by EWS-FLI1. We demonstrated that targeting CD99 with antibodies, including the human diabody C7, or genetically inhibiting CD99 is sufficient to increase zyxin expression and induce its dynamic nuclear accumulation. Nuclear zyxin functionally affects GLI1, inhibiting targets such as NKX2-2, cyclin D1, and PTCH1 and upregulating GAS1, a tumor suppressor protein negatively regulated by SHH/GLI1 signaling. We used a battery of functional assays to demonstrate (i) the relationship between CD99/zyxin and tumor cell growth/migration and (ii) how CD99 deprivation from the Ewing sarcoma cell surface is sufficient to specifically affect the expression of some crucial EWS-FLI1 targets, both in vitro and in vivo, even in the presence of EWS-FLI1. This article reveals that the CD99/zyxin/GLI1 axis is promising therapeutic target for reducing Ewing sarcoma malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Balestra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Michela Pasello
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Feo
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristian Bassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, and "Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Clara Guerzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- Clinica Ortopedica III, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, and "Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Fano, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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Bioinformatic Analysis of Structure and Function of LIM Domains of Human Zyxin Family Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052647. [PMID: 33808029 PMCID: PMC7961639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the human Zyxin family are LIM domain-containing proteins that perform critical cellular functions and are indispensable for cellular integrity. Despite their importance, not much is known about their structure, functions, interactions and dynamics. To provide insights into these, we used a set of in-silico tools and databases and analyzed their amino acid sequence, phylogeny, post-translational modifications, structure-dynamics, molecular interactions, and functions. Our analysis revealed that zyxin members are ohnologs. Presence of a conserved nuclear export signal composed of LxxLxL/LxxxLxL consensus sequence, as well as a possible nuclear localization signal, suggesting that Zyxin family members may have nuclear and cytoplasmic roles. The molecular modeling and structural analysis indicated that Zyxin family LIM domains share similarities with transcriptional regulators and have positively charged electrostatic patches, which may indicate that they have previously unanticipated nucleic acid binding properties. Intrinsic dynamics analysis of Lim domains suggest that only Lim1 has similar internal dynamics properties, unlike Lim2/3. Furthermore, we analyzed protein expression and mutational frequency in various malignancies, as well as mapped protein-protein interaction networks they are involved in. Overall, our comprehensive bioinformatic analysis suggests that these proteins may play important roles in mediating protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions.
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Glioblastoma CUSA Fluid Protein Profiling: A Comparative Investigation of the Core and Peripheral Tumor Zones. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010030. [PMID: 33374813 PMCID: PMC7795841 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The biological processes responsible for the high infiltration and recurrence rate of glioblastoma multiforme, the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor (GBM), are still under investigation. By the original analysis of cavitating ultrasound aspirator fluid as the biological specimen, the present study aimed to preliminarily explore and compare the protein profiles of the tumor core and tumor periphery, as defined by 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence, in newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma sampled pools. The results showed distinguished protein elements in the different tumor and peritumoral zones, as well as in the two tumor states (newly diagnosed vs recurrent), and suggested the presence of pathological aspects in the fluorescent negative periphery, possibly contributing to the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying this tumor’s onset and development, opening to potential clinical applications. Abstract The present investigation aimed to characterize the protein profile of cavitating ultrasound aspirator fluid of newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma comparing diverse zones of collection, i.e., tumor core and tumor periphery, with the aid of 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence. The samples were pooled and analyzed in triplicate by LC-MS following the shotgun proteomic approach. The identified proteins were then grouped to disclose elements exclusive and common to the tumor state or tumor zones and submitted to gene ontology classification and pathway overrepresentation analysis. The proteins common to the distinct zones were further investigated by relative quantitation, following a label free approach, to disclose possible differences of expression. Nine proteins, i.e., tubulin 2B chain, CD59, far upstream element-binding, CD44, histone H1.4, caldesmon, osteopontin, tropomyosin chain and metallothionein-2, marked the core of newly diagnosed glioblastoma with respect to tumor periphery. Considering the tumor zone, including the core and the fluorescence positive periphery, the serine glycine biosynthesis, pentose phosphate, 5-hydroxytryptamine degredation, de novo purine biosynthesis and huntington disease pathways resulted statistically significantly overrepresented with respect to the human genome of reference. The fluorescence negative zone shared several protein elements with the tumor zone, possibly indicating the presence of pathological aspects of glioblastoma rather than of normal brain parenchyma. On the other hand, its exclusive protein elements were considered to represent the healthy zone and, accordingly, exhibiting no pathways overrepresentation. On the contrary to newly diagnosed glioblastoma, pathway overrepresentation was recognized only in the healthy zone of recurrent glioblastoma. The TGFβ signaling pathway, exclusively classified in the fluorescence negative periphery in newly diagnosed glioblastoma, was instead the exclusive pathway classified in the tumor core of recurrent glioblastoma. These results, preliminary obtained on sample pools, demonstrated the potential of cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirate fluid for proteomic profiling of glioblastoma able to distinguish molecular features specific of the diverse tumor zones and tumor states, possibly contributing to the understanding of the highly infiltrative capability and recurrent rate of this aggressive brain tumor and opening to potential clinical applications to be further investigated.
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Advances in Understanding TKS4 and TKS5: Molecular Scaffolds Regulating Cellular Processes from Podosome and Invadopodium Formation to Differentiation and Tissue Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218117. [PMID: 33143131 PMCID: PMC7663256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffold proteins are typically thought of as multi-domain "bridging molecules." They serve as crucial regulators of key signaling events by simultaneously binding multiple participants involved in specific signaling pathways. In the case of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) binding, the activated EGFR contacts cytosolic SRC tyrosine-kinase, which then becomes activated. This process leads to the phosphorylation of SRC-substrates, including the tyrosine kinase substrates (TKS) scaffold proteins. The TKS proteins serve as a platform for the recruitment of key players in EGFR signal transduction, promoting cell spreading and migration. The TKS4 and the TKS5 scaffold proteins are tyrosine kinase substrates with four or five SH3 domains, respectively. Their structural features allow them to recruit and bind a variety of signaling proteins and to anchor them to the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane. Until recently, TKS4 and TKS5 had been recognized for their involvement in cellular motility, reactive oxygen species-dependent processes, and embryonic development, among others. However, a number of novel functions have been discovered for these molecules in recent years. In this review, we attempt to cover the diverse nature of the TKS molecules by discussing their structure, regulation by SRC kinase, relevant signaling pathways, and interaction partners, as well as their involvement in cellular processes, including migration, invasion, differentiation, and adipose tissue and bone homeostasis. We also describe related pathologies and the established mouse models.
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Katoch A, Jamwal VL, Faheem MM, Kumar S, Senapati S, Yadav G, Gandhi SG, Goswami A. Overlapping targets exist between the Par-4 and miR-200c axis which regulate EMT and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100879. [PMID: 33045679 PMCID: PMC7557890 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a substantial expansion in the field of microRNA (miRNA) biology, providing crucial insights into the role of miRNAs in disease pathology, predominantly in cancer progression and its metastatic spread. The discovery of tumor-suppressing miRNAs represents a potential approach for developing novel therapeutics. In this context, through miRNA microarray analysis, we examined the consequences of Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4), a well-established tumor-suppressor, stimulation on expression of different miRNAs in Panc-1 cells. The results strikingly indicated elevated miR-200c levels in these cells upon Par-4 overexpression. Intriguingly, the Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) analysis revealed differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), which overlap between miR200c- and Par-4-transfected cells, highlighting the cross-talks between these pathways. Notably, Phospho-p44/42 MAPK; Bim; Bcl-xL; Rb Phospho-Ser807, Ser811; Akt Phospho-Ser473; Smad1/5 Phospho-Ser463/Ser465 and Zyxin scored the most significant DEPs among the two data sets. Furthermore, the GFP-Par-4-transfected cells depicted an impeded expression of critical mesenchymal markers viz. TGF-β1, TGF-β2, ZEB-1, and Twist-1, concomitant with augmented miR-200c and E-cadherin levels. Strikingly, while Par-4 overexpression halted ZEB-1 at the transcriptional level; contrarily, silencing of endogenous Par-4 by siRNA robustly augmented the Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, along with declining miR-200c levels. The pharmacological Par-4-inducer, NGD16, triggered Par-4 expression which corresponded with increased miR-200c resulting in the ZEB-1 downregulation. Noteworthily, tumor samples obtained from the syngenic mouse pancreatic cancer model revealed elevated miR-200c levels in the NGD16-treated mice that positively correlated with the Par-4 and E-cadherin levels in vivo; while a negative correlation was evident with ZEB-1 and Vimentin. Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) stimulation elevates the endogenous miR-200c levels Par-4- mediated miR-200c induction modulates the ZEB-1/miR-200c axis Pharmacological Par-4 inducer, NGD16, boosts the miR-200c and E-cadherin levels in vivo. Overlapping targets between miR 200c and Par-4 signaling axis highlight the cross-talks between these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Katoch
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India; Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India; Plant Biotechnology and System Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Mir Mohd Faheem
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Sriram Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College (Anna University), Rajalakshmi Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shantibhusan Senapati
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Nalco Square Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751023, India
| | - Govind Yadav
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility (Animal House), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India; Plant Biotechnology and System Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India; Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India.
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11
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Sabino F, Madzharova E, Auf dem Keller U. Cell density-dependent proteolysis by HtrA1 induces translocation of zyxin to the nucleus and increased cell survival. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:674. [PMID: 32826880 PMCID: PMC7442833 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteases modulate critical processes in cutaneous tissue repair to orchestrate inflammation, cell proliferation and tissue remodeling. However, the functional consequences and implications in healing impairments of most cleavage events are not understood. Using iTRAQ-based Terminal Amine Isotopic Labeling of Substrates (TAILS) we had characterized proteolytic signatures in a porcine wound healing model and identified two neo-N termini derived from proteolytic cleavage of the focal adhesion protein and mechanotransducer zyxin. Here, we assign these proteolytic events to the activity of either caspase-1 or serine protease HtrA1 and analyze the biological relevance of the resultant zyxin truncations. By cellular expression of full-length and truncated zyxin proteins, we demonstrate nuclear translocation of a C-terminal zyxin fragment that could also be generated in vitro by HtrA1 cleavage and provide evidence for its anti-apoptotic activities, potentially by regulating the expression of modulators of cell proliferation, protein synthesis and genome stability. Targeted degradomics correlated endogenous generation of the same zyxin fragment with increased cell density in human primary dermal fibroblasts. Hence, this newly identified HtrA1-zyxin protease signaling axis might present a novel mechanism to transiently enhance cell survival in environments of increased cell density like in wound granulation tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sabino
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeta Madzharova
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Jain PB, Guerreiro PS, Canato S, Janody F. The spectraplakin Dystonin antagonizes YAP activity and suppresses tumourigenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19843. [PMID: 31882643 PMCID: PMC6934804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the Spectraplakin Dystonin (DST) has been observed in various cancers, including those of the breast. However, little is known about its role in carcinogenesis. In this report, we demonstrate that Dystonin is a candidate tumour suppressor in breast cancer and provide an underlying molecular mechanism. We show that in MCF10A cells, Dystonin is necessary to restrain cell growth, anchorage-independent growth, self-renewal properties and resistance to doxorubicin. Strikingly, while Dystonin maintains focal adhesion integrity, promotes cell spreading and cell-substratum adhesion, it prevents Zyxin accumulation, stabilizes LATS and restricts YAP activation. Moreover, treating DST-depleted MCF10A cells with the YAP inhibitor Verteporfin prevents their growth. In vivo, the Drosophila Dystonin Short stop also restricts tissue growth by limiting Yorkie activity. As the two Dystonin isoforms BPAG1eA and BPAG1e are necessary to inhibit the acquisition of transformed features and are both downregulated in breast tumour samples and in MCF10A cells with conditional induction of the Src proto-oncogene, they could function as the predominant Dystonin tumour suppressor variants in breast epithelial cells. Thus, their loss could deem as promising prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praachi B Jain
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, P-2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho,45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia S Guerreiro
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, P-2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho,45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Canato
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, P-2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho,45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Florence Janody
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, P-2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal. .,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal. .,IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho,45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
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