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He P, Wang Y, Yang J, Suo H, Song J. The Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SHY130 and Konjac Glucomannan on the Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Sensory Properties of Stirred Yogurt. Foods 2024; 13:2324. [PMID: 39123520 PMCID: PMC11311811 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of konjac glucomannan (KGM)-based synbiotics on yogurt quality is not well understood. This study investigated the effects of a synbiotic mixture of KGM and the selected probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SHY130 on the physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties of yogurt. The results showed that KGM significantly promoted the growth of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SHY130. The synbiotics dramatically enhanced the count of lactic acid bacteria in yogurt during the 14 days of storage. Texture analysis indicated that the synbiotic supplement had no impact on springiness and cohesiveness but resulted in notable reductions in hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. The synbiotics did not significantly affect the water-holding capacity and syneresis. While the synbiotics initially decreased yogurt viscosity, it increased with storage time. Furthermore, the synbiotics significantly improved the yogurt's antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the supplementation of the synbiotics did not adversely affect sensory properties, although the synbiotics containing 0.02% KGM negatively impacted overall acceptability. Overall, these findings elucidate the effects of KGM-based synbiotics on yogurt quality, providing a foundation for developing novel synbiotic yogurt products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglin He
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
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Jooyandeh H, Alizadeh Behbahani B. Development of a probiotic low-fat set yogurt containing concentrated sweet pepper extract. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4656-4666. [PMID: 39055224 PMCID: PMC11266907 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Yogurt contains various health-promoting components such as beneficial bacteria and bioactive peptides. However, plain yogurt is regarded as a poor source of phenolic compounds, vitamin C, and other substances that give a high antioxidant property to the product. Since the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the addition of different concentrated sweet pepper extracts (CSPE) to the yogurt milk formulation on some quality parameters of the probiotic set yogurt during 21 days of cold storage. For the production of probiotic yogurt samples, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 was used as probiotic bacteria. The functional set yogurts containing 5% of yellow, orange, or red CSPE were prepared and compared with probiotic control yogurt (without CSPE). With incorporation of CSPE, a functional yogurt with high viable cell counts of probiotics (>108 cfu/g), appropriate acceptability (acceptance scores more than 7, i.e., good acceptability), and textural quality produced. Fortified CSPE yogurt displayed large flakes with irregular surface and more compact texture as compared to the control sample. Based on the results of the study, the yogurt sample having orange CSPE was selected as the best functional product. After 21 days of storage, orange CSPE had the highest hardness (173.33 mg), consistency (1183.33 mg/s), and probiotic counts (8.3 log cfu/g) than other yogurt samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jooyandeh
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyAgricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of KhuzestanMollasaniIran
| | - Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyAgricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of KhuzestanMollasaniIran
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3
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Shojaeimeher S, Babashahi M, Shokri S, Mirlohi M, Zeinali T. Optimizing the Production of Probiotic Yogurt as a New Functional Food for Diabetics with Favorable Sensory Properties Using the Response Surface Methodology. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:413-425. [PMID: 36928935 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to optimize the processing of probiotic yogurt supplemented with cumin essential oil (CEO), vitamin C, D3 (Vit D), and reduction of fermentation time using response surface methodology as a new functional food for diabetics with desirable sensory properties. The central composite design (CCD) was used to analyze the effect of these independent variables on the growth of the Lactobacillus plantarum A7 (LA7), starter culture, and overall acceptability. Differences between treatments were analyzed. The data were evaluated by analysis of variance at the significance level of 0.05. The effective concentration of CEO and fermentation time had the significant effect on the Lactobacillus plantarum A7 (LA7) number. Variance analysis and three-dimensional graphs show that almost the only effective factor on the overall acceptability of probiotic yogurt containing essential oil and vitamin D3 was CEO. According to the obtained data from the analysis, the optimal amount of independent variables for probiotic yogurt formulation such as CEO, D3, and fermentation time was 0.02% (v/v), 400 IU, and 9 h, respectively. This functional product can be considered an efficient food to reduce or eliminate the complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Shojaeimeher
- Department of Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Babashahi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Shokri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Division of Food Safety & Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirlohi
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Food Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Tayebeh Zeinali
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Aydemir ME, Altun SK. Investigation of some quality properties of yogurt made from cow and sheep milk fortified with folic acid (B 9 ), biotin (B 7 ), and vitamin D 3. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1085-1091. [PMID: 37728986 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on some physicochemical properties and starter cultures of yogurts enriched with vitamins at different concentrations during storage. For this purpose, yogurt was produced by adding the vitamins folic acid (B9 ), biotin (B7 ), and vitamin D3 in different concentrations to sheep and cow milk and stored at 4 °C. Physicochemical analyses and microbiological analyses were performed for each group of yogurt on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. RESULTS There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the groups in pH and titration acidity (%) during storage. It was determined that in the yogurts produced from sheep milk, the groups enriched with vitamins had a higher number of L. bulgaricus than the control group on the 7th day of storage. Moreover, the groups containing vitamin D3 exhibited a higher Lactobacillus bulgaricus count on the 21st day of storage. The highest L. bulgaricus counts on the 7th day in yogurts produced from cow's milk were observed in groups containing 0.5 mL of vitamin B9 and B7 . No mold or yeast growth was observed during storage in any of the yogurt groups made from cow and sheep milk. CONCLUSION In conclusion, it was determined that the enrichment of yogurt with vitamins B7 , B9 , and D3 did not adversely affect the quality of the yogurt; rather, it improved. We recommend that yogurt enriched with micronutrients be studied economically, and mass production should be initiated by yogurt companies as soon as possible. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Aydemir
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Serap Kılıç Altun
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
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Li D, Lai M, Wang P, Ma H, Li H, Wang R, Wu X. Effects of Different Prebiotics on the Gel Properties of Milk Protein and the Structural Features of Yogurt. Gels 2023; 9:863. [PMID: 37998953 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110863if:] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of prebiotics on the structural characteristics of yogurt is an important aspect of evaluating its functional properties. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of several commonly used prebiotics, including fructooligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), inulin (INU), polydextrose (PDX), and xylooligosaccharide (XOS), on the gel properties of milk protein and the structural features, with respect to the texture and rheology, of stirred yogurt during and after fermentation. The results revealed that the supplementation of INU, PDX, and XOS was involved in the construction of protein networks during fermentation, promoting a viscous and more elastic gel structure, due to the enhanced protein-water interactions. This resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in structural stability (higher critical strain (γc) and greater thixotropy), firmness, cohesiveness, and rheology (G' and G″) and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the loss of yogurt during centrifugation. Conversely, the supplementation of GOS and FOS did not appear to be involved in the construction of the protein network and barely affected the rheological properties of the gel during fermentation. However, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in viscosity and firmness, and a slight decrease (p > 0.05) in loss during centrifugation were still observed in the yogurt. These findings could be useful for a comprehensive assessment of the application potential of these prebiotics in yogurt, when combined with their respective prebiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- Mengniu Hi-Tech Dairy Product Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing 101100, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mengxuan Lai
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot 011500, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hairan Ma
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot 011500, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot 011500, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiuying Wu
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot 011500, China
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Abadi M, Fadaei V, Salehifar M. In Vitro Inhibition of α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase and Antioxidant Activity of Milk Containing Fenugreek Seed Alcoholic Extract. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:566-573. [PMID: 37574513 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fenugreek seed alcoholic extract (FSAE) at the levels of 0.15% and 0.30% (V/V) on the selected properties of enriched milk during the 10-day storage period at 4 °C. The results demonstrated that with the addition of FSAE, the pH, brightness intensity and white color coefficient decreased and the values of acidity, viscosity, a* and b* indexes, total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (AA) and enzyme inhibitory activity of enriched milk samples increased significantly compared to the control (p < 0.05). During the storage period, a decrease in TPC, TFC, AA and inhibitory activity was observed in all samples (p < 0.05). The FSAE was able to significantly reduce total microbial count (TMC) in milk samples (p < 0.05). In terms of sensory characteristics, the best sensory scores during the storage period were related to the sample containing 0.15% (V/V) FSAE. Overall, a positive and direct relationship was found between the beneficial effects of FSAE and its concentration. Finally, according to the results of the overall acceptance score in sensory tests, the sample containing 0.15% (V/V) FSAE was introduced as the best sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Abadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Fadaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mania Salehifar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Wajs J, Brodziak A, Król J. Shaping the Physicochemical, Functional, Microbiological and Sensory Properties of Yoghurts Using Plant Additives. Foods 2023; 12:1275. [PMID: 36981201 PMCID: PMC10048245 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, consumers pay particular attention to the quality of the products they buy. They also expect a high level of innovation. Hence, the offer from the dairy sector is increasingly focusing on the use of various additives with proven health benefits. Many scientific teams from various regions of the world are engaged in research, and their aim is to identify plant additives that have beneficial effects on the human body. The aim of this article was to summarize the latest literature pertaining to the effects of plant additives used in the production of yoghurts on their physicochemical, functional, microbiological and sensory properties. It was found that a wide range of additives in a variety of forms are used in the production of yoghurts. The most common include fruits, vegetables, cereals, nuts, seeds, oils, plant or herbal extracts, fruit or vegetable fibre, and waste from fruit processing. The additives very often significantly affected the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics as well as the texture and sensory properties of yoghurt. As follows from the analysed reports, yoghurts enriched with additives are more valuable, especially in terms of the content of health-promoting compounds, including fibre, phenolic compounds, vitamins, fatty acids and minerals. A properly selected, high quality plant supplement can contribute to the improvement in the generally health-promoting as well as antioxidant properties of the product. For sensory reasons, however, a new product may not always be tolerated, and its acceptance depends mainly on the amount of the additive used. In conclusion, "superfood" yoghurt is one of the products increasingly recommended both preventively and as a way of reducing existing dysfunctions caused by civilization diseases, i.e., diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The studies conducted in recent years have not shown any negative impact of fortified yoghurts on the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aneta Brodziak
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Sanusi MS, Sunmonu MO, Alaka A, Raji AO, Abdulazeez A, Joshua VA, Adeyemi IA. Physicochemical, antioxidant and microbial properties of sweetened yoghurt produced from partial substitution of sugar with soursop puree. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This study was targeted towards evaluating the outcome of partially substituting sugar with soursop puree at different proportions, varying pasteurization temperatures, storage durations and with the application of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate as chemical preservatives on physiochemical, antioxidant and microbial qualities of yoghurt. There was a strong correlation (R2 = 0.7, Adjusted R2 = 0.65) between the syneresis and the water-holding capacity of the yoghurt as the substitution increased. At 50% soursop puree substitution in the yoghurt production, DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, vitamin C, carbohydrate, protein, and ash contents increased to 34.40%, 1.25 mg GAE/L, 58.50 mg/100 g, 29.26, 4.02 and 0.69%, respectively. Storage duration does not have a significant influence on the proximate composition of the yoghurt samples. However, the vitamin C content of the yoghurt decreased when the pasteurization temperature was more than 80 °C. The growth of lactic acid bacteria ranged between 2.9 × 105 and 2.16 × 106 CFU/ml. The use of sodium benzoate inhibited yeast growth more than potassium sorbate while soursop substitution inhibited the growth of mould from 1.0 × 106 CFU/ml to 3.05 × 105 CFU/ml than the preservatives. Coliform was absent in all the yoghurt samples with or without preservatives. This information would be valuable in yoghurt development and quality control.
Graphical Abstract
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Jooyandeh H, Momenzadeh S, Alizadeh Behbahani B, Barzegar H. Effect of Malva neglecta and lactulose on survival of Lactobacillus fermentum and textural properties of synbiotic stirred yogurt. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:1136-1143. [PMID: 36908339 PMCID: PMC9998791 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Yogurt is a popular dairy product and its consumption has been progressively growing over the past few decades by raising consumers' health-consciousness. As yogurt is growing in popularity, manufacturers are continuously seeking for bioactive components such as probiotics and prebiotics, to produce functional yogurt with more beneficial health effects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Malva neglecta (MN, 0, 5, 10 and 15%) and lactulose (0, 1 and 2%) as prebiotic substances on survival of Lactobacillus fermentum in a half-fat synbiotic stirred yogurt. The results revealed that with increasing MN and lactulose concentrations, the count of Lb. fermentum significantly increased (p < 0.05). At the end of 21-day cold storage, the count of probiotics in yogurt sample having 2% lactulose and 10-15% MN significantly was higher than control (8.37-8.4 vs. 7.73 Log cfu/g). With increasing the amount of MN and lactulose, firmness and chewiness of yogurt samples decreased while adhesiveness increased (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy assessment shown that addition of MN and lactulose resulted in a higher moisture retention in the void spaces. The results revealed that by incorporating lactulose and MN in yogurt formulation, an appropriate synbiotic yogurt could be produced as a novel functional product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jooyandeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | - Sara Momenzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | - Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | - Hassan Barzegar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
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Effect of Yogurt Enrichment with Wood Tannin during Shelf Life: Focus on Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Sensory Characteristics. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020405. [PMID: 36673496 PMCID: PMC9858127 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Six food-grade tannins obtained from different woods were used as a source of polyphenolic compounds at two concentrations (0.5% and 1% w/w) in yogurt formulations and monitored during 3 weeks of storage. Yogurt containing tannins showed significantly higher total phenolic content (+200%), antioxidant activity (+400%), and syneresis (+100%) than control. These changes were higher with fortification at 1%. Tannin origin also significantly influenced the yogurt composition and yogurt obtained from a Turkish gall showed higher values of total phenolic content (4 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity (17 μM Trolox/g). Yogurt color was evaluated by CIELab parameters, and their values were influenced by tannin origin and concentration. The addition of tannins did not significantly affect the number of lactic acid bacteria. Yogurt with a lower amount of tannins (0.5% w/w) received higher consumer acceptability but significant differences in preferences were due to tannin origin. In particular, yogurt added with tannin obtained from Quebracho wood at 1% w/w showed higher consumer preference. The obtained results would provide an opportunity for dairy producers to develop a novel dairy food with high nutritional quality.
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Sarwar A, Al-Dalali S, Aziz T, Yang Z, Ud Din J, Khan AA, Daudzai Z, Syed Q, Nelofer R, Qazi NU, Jian Z, Dablool AS. Effect of Chilled Storage on Antioxidant Capacities and Volatile Flavors of Synbiotic Yogurt Made with Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in Combination with Inulin. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070713. [PMID: 35887468 PMCID: PMC9317841 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermentation of available sugars in milk by yogurt starter culture initially and later by Saccharomyces boulardii (Probiotic yeast) improves the bioavailability of nutrients and produces bioactive substances and volatile compounds that enhance consumer acceptability. The combination of S. boulardii, a unique species of probiotic yeast, and inulin, an exopolysaccharide used as a prebiotic, showed remarkable probiotic and hydrocolloid properties in dairy products. The present study was designed to study the effect of fermentation and storage on antioxidant and volatile capacities of probiotic and synbiotic yogurt by incorporation of S. boulardii and inulin at 1%, 1.5%, and 2% (w/v), compared with the probiotic and control plain yogurt. All samples were stored at 4 °C, and during these four weeks, they were analyzed in terms of their antioxidant and volatile compounds. The synbiotic yogurt samples having inulin and S. boulardii displayed significantly higher DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical activity values and more values of TPC (total phenol contents) than control plain yogurt. A total of 16 volatile compounds were identified in S5-syn2 and S4-syn1.5, while S3-syn1 and S2-P had 14, compared with the control S1-C plain yogurt samples, which had only 6. The number of volatile compounds increased with the increasing concentration of inulin throughout the storage period. Therefore, this novel synbiotic yogurt with higher antioxidant and volatile compounds, even with chilling storage conditions, will be a good choice for consumer acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Sarwar
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102401, China; (A.S.); (T.A.); (J.U.D.); (Z.J.)
- Food & Biotechnology Research Center (FBRC), Pakistan Council of Scientific Industrial Research (PCSIR), Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (Q.S.); (R.N.)
| | - Sam Al-Dalali
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China;
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102401, China; (A.S.); (T.A.); (J.U.D.); (Z.J.)
- Pak-Austria Fachhochschule, Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur 22621, Pakistan
| | - Zhennai Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102401, China; (A.S.); (T.A.); (J.U.D.); (Z.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6898-4870
| | - Jalal Ud Din
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102401, China; (A.S.); (T.A.); (J.U.D.); (Z.J.)
| | - Ayaz Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan;
| | - Zubaida Daudzai
- Department of Bioresource and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand;
| | - Quratulain Syed
- Food & Biotechnology Research Center (FBRC), Pakistan Council of Scientific Industrial Research (PCSIR), Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (Q.S.); (R.N.)
| | - Rubina Nelofer
- Food & Biotechnology Research Center (FBRC), Pakistan Council of Scientific Industrial Research (PCSIR), Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (Q.S.); (R.N.)
| | - Nazif Ullah Qazi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Swabi, Ambar 94640, Pakistan;
| | - Zhang Jian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102401, China; (A.S.); (T.A.); (J.U.D.); (Z.J.)
| | - Anas S. Dablool
- Department of Public Health, Health Sciences College Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah al-Mukarramah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
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12
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Wijesekara A, Weerasingha V, Jayarathna S, Priyashantha H. Quality parameters of natural phenolics and its impact on physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory quality attributes of probiotic stirred yogurt during the storage. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100332. [PMID: 35634218 PMCID: PMC9130075 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four types of plant-derived pigments were assessed in stirred yogurt production. Yogurts were stable without sedimentation or noticeable decolouration. Plant pigment addition did not exert adverse effect on the survival of probiotics. Turmeric addition resulted in the highest sensory acceptance, b* value and total phenolic content. The use of plant pigments in stirred yogurt production is technologically feasible.
Physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic properties were evaluated for probiotic stirred yogurts with plant pigments; 10% Hibiscus, 4% Turmeric, 6% Spinach, and 4% Blue pea, over 14 days at 4℃ compared to the colorless control. The color of yogurts were stable without sedimentation or adverse effect on physicochemical or sensory properties, although an increase of L* value observed over the storage. The microbial analysis confirmed the viability of probiotics (>9 logs CFU/mL) in all yogurts over the storage. Turmeric added yogurt resulted in the highest b* value, total phenolic content (72.6 mg GAE/L) and sensory score for color, while spinach added yogurt ranked the lowest in flavor at the end of storage. Results demonstrated the color stability of studied plant pigments in stirred yogurt with varying physicochemical and sensory properties. Addition of natural colorant in yogurt is recommended. Improved methods for extracting pigments and their health effects should be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Wijesekara
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Viraj Weerasingha
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Shishanthi Jayarathna
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, Uppsala SE 750 07, Sweden
| | - Hasitha Priyashantha
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, Uppsala SE 750 07, Sweden
- Correspondence author.
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Encapsulation of Lactobacillus gasseri: Characterization, Probiotic Survival, In Vitro Evaluation and Viability in Apple Juice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050740. [PMID: 35267373 PMCID: PMC8909321 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of functional foods containing probiotic bacteria has become increasingly relevant to improve and maintain health. However, this is often limited to dairy food matrices given the complexity involved in maintaining a stable system together with high microbial viability in matrices such as juices. The objective of this study was to develop and characterize sodium alginate capsules loaded with Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC® 19992 ™ (LG). Cell viability under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions and during storage in apple juice were evaluated. The capsules were prepared by ionic gelation and an emulsification process was performed as pretreatment using two homogenization methods: magnetic stirring (AM) and Ultraturrax® rotor-stator homogenizer (UT). Cell viability after encapsulation was similar in the two processes: 65%. At the end of the in vitro gastrointestinal evaluation, the non-encapsulated probiotic cells did not show any viability, while the AM system was able to retain 100% of its viability and the UT retained 79.14%. The morphology of the capsules consisted of a continuous and homogeneous surface. Cell viability of LG encapsulated in apple juice stored at 4 °C for 21 days was 77% for AM, 55.43% for UT, and 63.10% for free LG.
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14
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Nandakumar K, Bhavyasree PS, Thomas MT. Development of rice based probiotic yogurt enriched with some fruit pulps and its quality analysis. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:1024-1029. [PMID: 35185206 PMCID: PMC8814270 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Yogurt is one of the popular dairy products produced by the bacterial fermentation of milk. Researches proved that fruit enriched Rice-based yogurt is good alternative for the traditional yogurt. Hence, four different combinations of rice-based yogurt were prepared by adding rice slurry. Rice-based yogurt containing 25% milk and 75% rice slurry scored best in microbial analysis. Count of both Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus were higher in this combination but organoleptic quality was poor. The one with 75% milk and 25% slurry scored best in organoleptic analysis as it scored high in all the characters under study. Hence the combination with 75% milk and 25% slurry was selected and was enriched with the fruit pulps of Annona, Papaya and Guava. The one with 20% Annona fruit pulp and one with 5% Papaya fruit pulp were selected as the best combinations as they got the highest overall acceptability score and the count of both the bacteria were higher in these combinations, proved that fruit enrichment doesn't affect bacteria in yogurt. Cost analysis proved that collection of fruits from wild will help to reduce the price of the yogurt. Thus, Rice-based Probiotic Yogurt with 75% milk and 25% rice slurry with 20% Annona fruit pulp and one with 5% Papaya fruit pulp were developed as best combinations and can replace normal yogurts currently available in the market with low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Nandakumar
- Research Department of Botany, St. Thomas College (Autonomous), Thrissur, Kerala 680001 India
| | - P. S. Bhavyasree
- Research Department of Botany, St. Thomas College (Autonomous), Thrissur, Kerala 680001 India
| | - M. T. Thomas
- Research Department of Botany, St. Thomas College (Autonomous), Thrissur, Kerala 680001 India
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Kinetic acidification and quality composition of yoghurt produced with soursop puree. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Zarroug Y, Boulares M, Sfayhi D, Slimi B, Stiti B, Zaieni K, Nefissi S, Kharrat M. Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Tunisian Quercus suber L. Starches for Custard Formulation: A Comparative Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:556. [PMID: 35160545 PMCID: PMC8837996 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to extract starch from acorn (Quercus suber L.) fruits using water and alkaline methods. Structural and functional properties of extracted starches were investigated and compared to those of corn and modified starches in order to determine their innovative potential application in food industry. The yield of extraction using the two methods was about 48.32% and 48.1%. The isolated starches showed low moisture, fat and protein contents, revealing high purity and quality. Additionally, the starch extracted using the alkaline method (AAS) showed higher lightness (60.41) when compared to starch isolated using hot water (WAS). However, the lightest white color was found for studied commercial starches. Moreover, AAS starch exhibited the highest swelling power, solubility and water absorption, followed by WAS and commercial starches. Results showed that extracted acorn starches were characterized by greater enthalpy and gelatinization temperatures. Similar observations were noted using FT-IR spectra analysis for all analyzed starches. In addition, granule starches observed using scanning electron microscopy were found to be spherical and ovoid. However, from the analysis by X-ray diffraction, a crystalline pattern of C-type was found for acorn starches, while commercial starches presented an A-type pattern. As an innovative food application, these underexploited acorn starches were valued and served to produce new custards with improved functional properties and better microstructure when compared to commercial custard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkabed Zarroug
- Field Crops Laboratory (LR20INRAT02), National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Ariana 2049, Tunisia; (D.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Mouna Boulares
- Research Unit: Bio-Preservation and Valorization of Agricultural Products (UR13-AGR 02), Higher Institute of Food Industries (ESIAT), University of Carthage, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Dorra Sfayhi
- Field Crops Laboratory (LR20INRAT02), National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Ariana 2049, Tunisia; (D.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Bechir Slimi
- Laboratoire des Nanomatériaux et Systèmes Pour les Énergies Renouvelables (LANSER), Centre de Recherches et des Technologies de l’Energie Technopole Borj Cedria, BT 95, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia; (B.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Bouthaina Stiti
- National Institute of Research in Rural Engineering, Water and Forests BP 10, University of Carthage, Ariana 2080, Tunisia;
| | - Kamel Zaieni
- Laboratoire des Nanomatériaux et Systèmes Pour les Énergies Renouvelables (LANSER), Centre de Recherches et des Technologies de l’Energie Technopole Borj Cedria, BT 95, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia; (B.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Sirine Nefissi
- Research Unit: Bio-Preservation and Valorization of Agricultural Products (UR13-AGR 02), Higher Institute of Food Industries (ESIAT), University of Carthage, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Mohamed Kharrat
- Field Crops Laboratory (LR20INRAT02), National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Ariana 2049, Tunisia; (D.S.); (M.K.)
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Paszczyk B, Czarnowska-Kujawska M. Fatty Acid Profile, Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content, and Lipid Quality Indices in Selected Yogurts Available on the Polish Market. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:96. [PMID: 35011202 PMCID: PMC8749727 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the fatty acid composition, the content of cis9trans11 C18:2 acid (CLA), and lipid quality indices in yogurts made of cow's milk, available on the Polish market. The test material consisted of: natural yogurts, natural yogurts with additives (muesli, cereal grains), bio yogurts, bio yogurts with additives (millet groats, quinoa, chestnuts), probiotic yogurts, and eco yogurts. All the products were bought in the period from May to June 2021. The conducted research showed that the analyzed yoghurts were characterized by a varying content of fatty acid groups, different values of the calculated lipid quality indices, as well as a different content of conjugated linoleic acid cis9trans11 C18: 2 (CLA). Natural yogurts with additives had the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and n-3 PUFAs. Natural and bio yogurts with additives had a higher content of n-6 PUF than the other analyzed yogurts. The n-6/n-3 ratio was lower in bio yogurts and eco yogurts. Natural yogurts with additives featured the lowest index of atherogenicity (AI) and index of thrombogenicity (TI) and the highest hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (H/H). The fat extracted from the bio yogurts had the highest (0.90% of total fatty acids) mean content of cis9trans11 C18:2 (CLA). In fat of the other analyzed yogurts, mean CLA content in total content of fatty acids varied from 0.48% in natural yogurts with additives to 0.81% in bio yogurts with additives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Czarnowska-Kujawska
- Department of Commodity and Food Analysis, The Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland;
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18
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Pimpley VA, Maity S, Murthy PS. Green coffee polyphenols in formulations of functional yoghurt and their quality attributes. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhavi A Pimpley
- Spice and Flavour Science Department CSIR‐Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysuru Karnataka 570020India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Supriya Maity
- Spice and Flavour Science Department CSIR‐Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysuru Karnataka 570020India
| | - Pushpa S Murthy
- Spice and Flavour Science Department CSIR‐Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysuru Karnataka 570020India
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Moghadam RM, Ariaii P, Ahmady M. The effect of microencapsulated extract of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium. L) on the physicochemical, sensory, and viability of probiotic bacteria in yogurt. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Gao J, Li X, Zhang G, Sadiq FA, Simal-Gandara J, Xiao J, Sang Y. Probiotics in the dairy industry-Advances and opportunities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3937-3982. [PMID: 33938124 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a global surge in the application of probiotics as functional ingredients in food, animal feed, and pharmaceutical products. Among food industries, the dairy industry is the largest sector where probiotics are employed in a number of dairy products including sour/fermented milk, yogurt, cheese, butter/cream, ice cream, and infant formula. These probiotics are either used as starter culture alone or in combination with traditional starters, or incorporated into dairy products following fermentation, where their presence imparts many functional characteristics to the product (for instance, improved aroma, taste, and textural characteristics), in addition to conferring many health-promoting properties. However, there are still many challenges related to the stability and functionality of probiotics in dairy products. This review highlights the advances, opportunities, and challenges of application of probiotics in dairy industries. Benefits imparted by probiotics to dairy products including their role in physicochemical characteristics and nutritional properties (clinical and functional perspective) are also discussed. We transcend the traditional concept of the application of probiotics in dairy products and discuss paraprobiotics and postbiotics as a newly emerged concept in the field of probiotics in a particular relation to the dairy industry. Some potential applications of paraprobiotics and postbiotics in dairy products as functional ingredients for the development of functional dairy products with health-promoting properties are briefly elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiyu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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21
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22
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Ning X, Luo Z, Chen Z, Zhou C, Xie C, Du W, Wang L. Fortification of set yogurt with passion fruit juice: Effects on fermentation kinetics, physicochemical properties, and functionality. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4084-4093. [PMID: 33589256 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the purpose of developing an alternative set yogurt with high consumer acceptability, passion fruit juice, at levels that varied from 0 to 10%, was incorporated into set yogurt, and the effects on the fermentation kinetics, physicochemical properties, and functionality of set yogurt were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of passion fruit juice was simultaneously propitious for milk acidification in earlier fermentation stages and reduced the fermentation rate at later stages of fermentation. The phenolic compounds and pectin in passion fruit juice interacted with caseins to form soluble complexes, enhancing the gel strength of set yogurts by 7.5%. The aroma and flavor of the set yogurt was improved as well. However, with the addition of 10% passion fruit juice, the gel structure was destroyed, and the quality of the set yogurt was very degraded. More importantly, the addition of passion fruit juice increased the polyphenol content and significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity of the set yogurt. This investigation demonstrated the feasibility of fabricating passion fruit juice-enriched set yogurt and its superior quality compared with the corresponding normal product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ning
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin 537000, People's Republic of China; Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Efficient Use of Agricultural Resources in the Southeast of Guangxi, Yulin 537000, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin 537000, People's Republic of China; Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Efficient Use of Agricultural Resources in the Southeast of Guangxi, Yulin 537000, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyao Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqing Xie
- College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- Guangxi Hong Bang Food Co. Ltd., Yulin 537400, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin 537000, People's Republic of China; Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Efficient Use of Agricultural Resources in the Southeast of Guangxi, Yulin 537000, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, People's Republic of China.
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Sohrabpour S, Rezazadeh Bari M, Alizadeh M, Amiri S. Investigation of the rheological, microbial, and physicochemical properties of developed synbiotic yogurt containing
Lactobacillus acidophilus
LA‐5, honey, and cinnamon extract. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Sohrabpour
- Department of Food Science and Technology Saba College of Higher Education Urmia Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rezazadeh Bari
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Saber Amiri
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Urmia University Urmia Iran
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24
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Alcántara-Zavala AE, Figueroa-Cárdenas JDD, Pérez-Robles JF, Arámbula-Villa G, Miranda-Castilleja DE. Thermosonication as an alternative method for processing, extending the shelf life, and conserving the quality of pulque: A non-dairy Mexican fermented beverage. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105290. [PMID: 32769043 PMCID: PMC7786563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate thermosonication as an alternative method for the pasteurization of pulque in order to improve its shelf life and retain its quality parameters. Thermosonication was carried out at 50 °C using amplitudes of 75% (for 6 and for 9 min), 85% (for 4 and for 6 min), and 95% (for 3 and for 5 min). These were the optimal conditions found for processing pulque by thermosonication. Physicochemical (acidity, color, alcohol content, and sensory analysis) and microbiological (lactic acid bacteria and yeasts) parameters were determined during 30 days for storage at 4 ± 1 °C. Conventional pasteurization (63 °C, 30 min) and raw pulque were used as controls. According to the results, the shelf life of pulque was extended up to 24 days storage at 4 °C. After this time, the quality of beverage decreased, due that the microbial load increases. Thermosonication treatments at 75% and 85% showed a higher content of LAB (6.58-6.77 log CFU/mL) and yeasts (7.08-7.27 log CFU/mL) than conventional pasteurization (3.64 log CFU/mL of LAB and 3.97 log CFU/mL of yeasts) at 24 days of storage. Raw pulque demonstrated up to 7.77 log CFU/mL of yeasts and 7.51 log CFU/mL of LAB. Pulque processed by thermosonication exhibited greater lightness, sensory acceptance, a maximal acidity of 0.83 g/lactic acid, and an alcohol content of 4.48-4.95% v/v. The thermosonication process preserves sensory and physicochemical properties better than conventional pasteurization. Lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus kefiri, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus hilgardii and yeasts such as Saccharomyces cereviasiae were identified in thermosonicated pulque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Elizabeth Alcántara-Zavala
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-Unidad Querétaro), Libramiento Norponiente 2000, Real de Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Qro, Mexico.
| | - Juan de Dios Figueroa-Cárdenas
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-Unidad Querétaro), Libramiento Norponiente 2000, Real de Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Qro, Mexico.
| | - Juan Francisco Pérez-Robles
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-Unidad Querétaro), Libramiento Norponiente 2000, Real de Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Qro, Mexico.
| | - Gerónimo Arámbula-Villa
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-Unidad Querétaro), Libramiento Norponiente 2000, Real de Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Qro, Mexico.
| | - Dalia E Miranda-Castilleja
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos. C.U., Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Col. Las Campanas, 76010 Querétaro, Qro, Mexico.
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Jalilzadeh‐Afshari A, Fadaei V. Characterization of flavored milk containing bitter orange peel extract and Gaz-angubin. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:164-171. [PMID: 33473280 PMCID: PMC7802528 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of adding Gaz-angubin at three different levels (5%, 10%, and 15% w/v) and bitter orange peel extract with three different concentrations (0.025%, 0.050%, and 0.075% w/v) on selected characteristics of the flavored milk were investigated during 10-day storage at 4°C. The results showed that increasing the level of Gaz-angubin and bitter orange peel extract increased viscosity, antioxidant activity, and total polyphenol content, decreased total microbial count, and improved the sensory characteristics of the flavored milk (p < .05). Generally, the flavored milk sample containing 15% Gaz-angubin and 0.075% bitter orange peel extract was selected as the best treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vajiheh Fadaei
- Department of Food Science & TechnologyShahr‐e‐Qods BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
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26
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Afzaal M, Saeed F, Hussain S, Mohamed AA, Alamri MS, Ahmad A, Ateeq H, Tufail T, Hussain M. Survival and storage stability of encapsulated probiotic under simulated digestion conditions and on dried apple snacks. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5392-5401. [PMID: 33133541 PMCID: PMC7590301 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to explore the probiotics carrier potential of apple dried snacks and improve the survival of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Purposely, the probiotics were encapsulated using two hydrogel materials (sodium alginate and carrageenan) by using encapsulator. Briefly, slices of apple were immersed in solution containing free and encapsulated probiotics and then dried by conventional drying method. The dried apple snack was analyzed for different characteristics (physiochemical and microbiological) during storage. The viability of the free and encapsulated probiotics was accessed in apple snack and under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Apple snack rich with encapsulated probiotics showed a significant result (p < .05) regarding the survival and stability. The encapsulated probiotics decreased from 9.5 log CFU/g to 8.83 log CFU/g as compared to free probiotics that decreased to 5.28 log CFU/g. Furthermore, encapsulated probiotics exhibited a better stability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions as compared to free. During storage, an increase in phenolic content and hardness was observed while decrease in pH was noted. Results of sensory parameters indicated apple snack as potential and acceptable probiotics carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzaal
- Institute of Home & Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home & Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Shahzad Hussain
- Department of Food Science & NutritionKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed S. Alamri
- Department of Food Science & NutritionKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Institute of Home & Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Huda Ateeq
- Institute of Home & Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- Institute of Home & Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muzammil Hussain
- Institute of Home & Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
- The University of GambiaSerrekundaGambia
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Bouaziz MA, Bchir B, Chalbi H, Sebii H, Karra S, Smaoui S, Attia H, Besbes S. Techno-functional characterization and biological potential of Agave americana leaves: Impact on yoghurt qualities. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Brodziak A, Król J, Barłowska J, Teter A, Florek M. Changes in the Physicochemical Parameters of Yoghurts with Added Whey Protein in Relation to the Starter Bacteria Strains and Storage Time. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081350. [PMID: 32759770 PMCID: PMC7460345 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Addition of whey proteins to yoghurt may be a good solution that could be routinely applied in the dairy industry to offer consumers a new functional product, with health-promoting properties. Conducting a comprehensive analysis of yoghurts made using two different starter cultures, with and without the addition of various levels of whey proteins, we found that the quality of yoghurts with WPC, including sensory quality, can be satisfactory for even 28 days of storage. The use of whey protein concentrate determined both the physicochemical (i.e., lactic acid content, proximate chemical composition, water holding capacity, water activity, firmness, consistency, cohesive strength and colour parameters) and sensory quality of the yoghurts. The additive had a significant effect on potential acidity, inhibiting the increase in the amount of lactic acid in yoghurts during storage, and also reduced syneresis. We suggest that using WPC on a larger scale will create new opportunities on the food market. Abstract The stability of the physicochemical characteristics of yoghurts during refrigerated storage is important for industry and the consumer. In this study we produced plain yoghurts with the addition of health-promoting whey protein concentrate (WPC), using two different starter cultures based on Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Physicochemical changes (acidity, nutritional value, water activity, water-holding capacity, texture, and colour, including whitening and yellowing indices) as well as sensory changes occurring during 28-day refrigerated storage were determined. Starter cultures were found to significantly (p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01) influence the water-holding capacity, firmness, consistency, cohesive strength and colour parameters of the curd. Use of whey protein concentrate affected both the physicochemical and sensory quality of the yoghurts. The additive had a significant effect on potential acidity, inhibiting the increase in lactic acid in the yoghurts during storage, and also reduced syneresis. However, it decreased the lightness of curd and negatively affected its sensory characteristics, primarily flavour. Moreover, nearly all parameters changed significantly with the passage of storage time (in most cases negatively). The exceptions were total protein and fat content. The changes, however, were not severe and remained at a level acceptable to tasters. Addition of 1% or 2% whey protein to yoghurt may be a good solution that can be routinely applied in the dairy industry to offer consumers a new functional product. A comprehensive assessment of the physicochemical and sensory changes occurring during refrigerated storage of yoghurts manufactured with the addition of WPC and using different cultures is crucial for modelling such a product.
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Khorshidian N, Yousefi M, Mortazavian AM. Fermented milk: The most popular probiotic food carrier. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2020; 94:91-114. [PMID: 32892839 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fermented milks are extensively produced and consumed all around the world. The production of these products is an old process that was used for extending the shelf life of milk. Nowadays, numerous traditional and industrial fermented milks with various texture and aroma can be found as an important part of human diet that exhibit several health benefits. In recent years, consumers' awareness about the effect of diet on health and tendency for consuming healthful food products directed manufacturers to develop functional foods. In this context, production of probiotic food products is a common approach. Fermented milks are suitable carrier for probiotics and their production and consumption can be a beneficial way for improving health status. For development of probiotic fermented milks, probiotic viability during fermentation and storage time, their interaction with starter cultures in the product as well as their effect on sensory properties of the product should be taken into account. This chapter describes different fermented milks, probiotics used in fermented milks, process of their production and quality aspects associated with these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Khorshidian
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amir M Mortazavian
- Department of Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhu H, Chen L, Yu J, Cui L, Ali I, Song X, Park JH, Wang D, Wang X. Flavonoid epimers from custard apple leaves, a rapid screening and separation by HSCCC and their antioxidant and hypoglycaemic activities evaluation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8819. [PMID: 32483211 PMCID: PMC7264225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaves of custard apple are widely used in many places as a popular dietary supplement for the treatment of diabetes. Flavonoids are known to have anti-diabetic activity. In this study, the main flavonoid epimers were separated. The crude extract was first screened by HPLC-DAD before and after incubation with DPPH method to evaluate the antioxidants. An efficient extraction method was employed to remove non-flavonoid components. Subsequently, five main flavonoids with two pairs of epimers including quercetin-3-O-robinobioside, rutin, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside were successfully separated by high-speed counter-current chromatography with ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water (4:1:5, v/v) coupled with online-storage inner-recycling mode. The structures of the separated compounds were identified by spectral techniques. The purity of the separated flavonoid glycosides was over 98%, as determined by HPLC. The separated pure constituents were found to possess the antioxidant capacities following DPPH radical scavenging protocol. The compounds (1-3) exhibited better antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the glucose uptake of crude flavonoid extract had better results than the crude ethanol extract. The present study demonstrates that the efficacy of custard apple leaves in lowering glucose level, and antioxidant capacities of separated pure compounds probably appear to be predominantly responsible for hypoglycaemic properties on HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jinqian Yu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.,Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, 15100, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Xiangyun Song
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jeong Hill Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Daijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China. .,College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
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Šeregelj V, Tumbas Šaponjac V, Lević S, Kalušević A, Ćetković G, Čanadanović-Brunet J, Nedović V, Stajčić S, Vulić J, Vidaković A. Application of encapsulated natural bioactive compounds from red pepper waste in yogurt. J Microencapsul 2019; 36:704-714. [PMID: 31516053 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2019.1668488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to encapsulate red pepper waste (RPW) bioactives and monitor their stability in yogurt.Methods: RPW extract was encapsulated in whey protein using spray and freeze-drying techniques. Physicochemical characteristics of encapsulates were evaluated, and better encapsulates were used to develop functional yogurt. Retention of bioactives was followed over 21 days of storage, and sensory analyses were assessed.Results: Freeze-dried encapsulates (FDE) showed better characteristics like water activity, moisture content, solubility, flowing and colour properties, and, therefore, incorporated in yogurt. Yogurt with FDE successfully retained carotenoids (71.43%) and caused increasing of polyphenol retention (up to 123.73%). This yogurt exhibited higher sensory and general acceptability scores compared to control sample. The fortification of yogurts had a positive influence on maintaining the initial number of lactic acid bacteria during storage.Conclusion: Freeze drying and utilisation of pepper waste are efficient for functional food development, with improved nutritional, colour and bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Šeregelj
- Department of Applied and Engineering Chemistry, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vesna Tumbas Šaponjac
- Department of Applied and Engineering Chemistry, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Steva Lević
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
| | - Ana Kalušević
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia.,Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Ćetković
- Department of Applied and Engineering Chemistry, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jasna Čanadanović-Brunet
- Department of Applied and Engineering Chemistry, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Viktor Nedović
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
| | - Slađana Stajčić
- Department of Applied and Engineering Chemistry, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vulić
- Department of Applied and Engineering Chemistry, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ana Vidaković
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Lucatto JN, Silva‐Buzanello RA, Mendonça SNTG, Lazarotto TC, Sanchez JL, Bona E, Drunkler DA. Performance of different microbial cultures in potentially probiotic and prebiotic yoghurts from cow and goat milks. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Nunes Lucatto
- Post‐Graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA) Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) Av. Brasil, 4232, Parque Independência 85884-000 Medianeira PR Brazil
| | - Rosana Aparecida Silva‐Buzanello
- Post‐Graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA) Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) Av. Brasil, 4232, Parque Independência 85884-000 Medianeira PR Brazil
| | - Saraspathy Naidoo Terroso Gama Mendonça
- Post‐Graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA) Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) Av. Brasil, 4232, Parque Independência 85884-000 Medianeira PR Brazil
| | - Tassyana Crespan Lazarotto
- Production Engineering Course Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) Av. Brasil, 4232, Parque Independência 85884-000 Medianeira PR Brazil
| | - Jorge Leonardo Sanchez
- Post‐Graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA) Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) Caixa Postal 271, BR 369 87301-006 Campo Mourão PR Brazil
| | - Evandro Bona
- Post‐Graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA) Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) Caixa Postal 271, BR 369 87301-006 Campo Mourão PR Brazil
| | - Deisy Alessandra Drunkler
- Post‐Graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA) Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) Av. Brasil, 4232, Parque Independência 85884-000 Medianeira PR Brazil
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Vieira P, Pinto CA, Lopes-da-Silva JA, Remize F, Barba FJ, Marszałek K, Delgadillo I, Saraiva JA. A microbiological, physicochemical, and texture study during storage of yoghurt produced under isostatic pressure. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rajan VK, Ragi C, Muraleedharan K. A computational exploration into the structure, antioxidant capacity, toxicity and drug-like activity of the anthocyanidin "Petunidin". Heliyon 2019; 5:e02115. [PMID: 32346622 PMCID: PMC7181340 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A computational investigation on the structure and antioxidant property of a natural food colorant Petunidin (PT) was performed under DFT/B3LYP/6-31+ G (d, p). PT has a drug score of +0.804 which indicates its drug-like nature. The antioxidant property of PT was well explained by HAT mechanism and it has been found that the electron releasing substituents decreases the BDE value. PT has lowest BDE value at C3 position and is confirmed by the lowest pKa value, high atomic charge and lowest bond order. PT easily donates the hydrogen atom and exists in the deprotonated form in blood as the pKa value at C3 is less than the pH value of blood. PT shows no violation to Lipinski's rule of 5 indicating its nature as an orally admissible drug. More over PT has considerable bioactivity against nuclear receptor ligand while it shows only moderate activity towards GPCR and ion channel modulator. Also it shows moderate activity as an enzyme inhibitor and protease inhibitor but shows considerable activity as a kinase inhibitor. PT is non toxic in nature and all these factors favor its use as a potential antioxidant and a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijisha K. Rajan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Malappuram, 673635, India
| | - C. Ragi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Malappuram, 673635, India
| | - K. Muraleedharan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Malappuram, 673635, India
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