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Malik A, Mor VS, Punia H, Duhan DS, Bhuker A, Tokas J, El-Sheikh MA, Shah T. Investigating Mineral Accumulation and Seed Vigor Potential in Bottle Gourd ( Lagenaria siceraria) through Crossbreeding Timing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3998. [PMID: 38068633 PMCID: PMC10707742 DOI: 10.3390/plants12233998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is a well-known cucurbit with an active functional ingredient. A two-year field experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of Seed Science and Technology, CCS HAU, Hisar, in a randomized block design during the Kharif season (Kharif is one of the two major cropping seasons in India and other South Asian countries, heavily reliant on monsoon rains with the other being Rabi) and the summer season. Five different crossing periods (CP), viz. CP1, CP2, CP3, CP4, and CP5, were considered to illustrate the effects of agro-climatic conditions on the quality and biochemical components of two bottle gourd parental lines and one hybrid, HBGH-35. The average mean temperature for the Kharif season in 2017 was 31.7 °C, and for the summer season, it was 40.1 °C. Flowers were tagged weekly from the start of the crossing period until the end and harvested separately at different times. The fruits harvested from different crossing periods under different environmental conditions influenced the bottle gourd's qualitative and biochemical traits and showed significant variations among the five crossing period environments. A positive significance and correlation were observed between weather variables and different biochemical characteristics. Henceforth, the CP4 crossing period at a temperature of 31.7 °C retained high-quality seed development, which may be essential in enhancing agricultural productivity and the national economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Malik
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
- Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Virender Singh Mor
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Himani Punia
- Department of Sciences, Chandigarh School of Business, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali 140307, Punjab, India
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - D. S. Duhan
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Axay Bhuker
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Jayanti Tokas
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tariq Shah
- Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Theodor-Leiserstr 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Li L, Wang Y, Yu C, Li S, Lin T, Han S, Zhu T, Li S. Seasonal changes in the abundance Fusarium proliferatium, microbial endophytes and nutrient levels in the roots of hybrid bamboo Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis grandis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1185449. [PMID: 37538062 PMCID: PMC10394707 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1185449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant root pathogens invade the soil around plant roots, disturbing the systemic balance, reducing plant defenses, and causing severe disease. At present, there are few studies on the severity of plant diseases caused by pathogen invasion in different seasons and how pathogens affect root microecology. In this study, we compared the levels of nutrients in the root tissues of the two groups of plants. We used 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing with Illumina NovaSeq 6000 to compare seasonal changes in the composition and structure of microbial communities from healthy roots of bamboo Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis grandis and roots infected by the soilborne pathogen Fusarium proliferatum. We have found that the invasion of the pathogen led to a substantial decrease in nutrient elements in bamboo roots, except for nitrogen. The pathogen presence correlated with seasonal changes in the bamboo root microbiome and decreased bacterial richness in diseased plants. The root microbial community structure of healthy plants was more stable than that of their diseased counterparts. Furthermore, we identified the lesion area and relative abundance of F. proliferatum were significant predictors of disease progression. The potassium tissue content and the disease lesion area were identified as factors linked with the observed changes in the bamboo root microbiome. This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the seasonal dynamics F. proliferatum, an economically important soilborne pathogen of hybrid bamboo grown in Sichuan Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cailin Yu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuying Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian Lin
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Han
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujiang Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu, China
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Mandizvo T, Odindo AO, Mashilo J, Sibiya J, Beck-Pay SL. Phenotypic Variability of Root System Architecture Traits for Drought Tolerance among Accessions of Citron Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (L.H. Bailey). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2522. [PMID: 36235386 PMCID: PMC9573351 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) is a drought-tolerant cucurbit crop widely grown in sub-Saharan Africa in arid and semi-arid environments. The species is a C3 xerophyte used for multiple purposes, including intercropping with maize, and has a deep taproot system. The deep taproot system plays a key role in the species’ adaptation to dry conditions. Understanding the root system development of this crop could be useful to identify traits for breeding water-use efficient and drought-tolerant varieties. This study compared the root system architecture of citron watermelon accessions under water-stress conditions. Nine selected and drought-tolerant citron watermelon accessions were grown under non-stress (NS) and water stress (WS) conditions using the root rhizotron procedure in a glasshouse. The following root system architecture (RSA) traits were measured: root system width (RSW), root system depth (RSD), convex hull area (CHA), total root length (TRL), root branch count (RBC), total root volume (TRV), leaf area (LA), leaf number (LN), first seminal root length (FSRL), seminal root angle (SRA), root dry mass (RDM), shoot dry mass (SDM), root−shoot mass ratio (RSM), root mass ratio (RMR), shoot mass ratio (SMR) and root tissue density (RTD). The data collected on RSA traits were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation and principal component analyses. ANOVA revealed a significant (p < 0.05) accession × water stress interaction effect for studied RSA traits. Under WS, RDM exhibited significant and positive correlations with RSM (r = 0.65), RMR (r = 0.66), RSD (r = 0.66), TRL (r = 0.60), RBC (r = 0.72), FSRL (r = 0.73) and LN (r = 0.70). The principal component analysis revealed high loading scores for the following RSA traits: RSW (0.89), RSD (0.97), TRL (0.99), TRV (0.90), TRL (0.99), RMR (0.96) and RDM (0.76). In conclusion, the study has shown that the identified RSA traits could be useful in crop improvement programmes for citron watermelon genotypes with enhanced drought adaptation for improved yield performance under drought-prone environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takudzwa Mandizvo
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private BagX01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Alfred Oduor Odindo
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private BagX01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Jacob Mashilo
- Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture Regulatory and Technology Development, Directorate, Towoomba Research Centre, Private Bag X1615, Bela-Bela 0480, South Africa
| | - Julia Sibiya
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private BagX01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Sascha Lynn Beck-Pay
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private BagX01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
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Bitire TD, Abberton M, Oyatomi O, Babalola OO. Effect of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Strains and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc) Accessions. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.913239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was set up to compare the inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers (urea with 46% nitrogen) on the growth and yield of Bambara groundnut accessions. The study results suggest that the benefits of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) strain inoculation are greater and that the strain could reduce reliance and the excess amount spent by farmers to procure inorganic fertilizers and avoid the negative effect of N fertilizer on the environment after its use. Field studies were conducted in two different geographical locations, in Ibadan (Ib) and Ikenne (Ik), Nigeria, during the rainy season between August and December in 2019 and 2020. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in both locations and seasons and was replicated three times, with each block representing each replicate. It had a 10 × 6 factorial arrangement with one block holding the 10 accessions of Bambara groundnut inoculated with four B. japonicum strains. The second block had N fertilizer application and the third control block was without inoculation or fertilizer application. The 10 accessions of Bambara groundnut used in the study were as follows: TVSu-378, TVSu-506, TVSu-787, TVSu-1606, TVSu-1698, TVSu-1739, TVSu-710, TVSu-365, TVSu-475, and TVSu-305. Six seeds of each accession were coated with each of the four B. japonicum strains, namely, FA3, USDA110, IRJ2180A, and RACA6, before planting them in the field in both locations during the rainy season. In the next block, urea as N fertilizer (46% nitrogen) was applied to the uninoculated seedlings of accessions of Bambara groundnut 2 weeks after planting (WAP). The third block was the control with zero inoculation and zero fertilizer application. Data collected were subjected to an analysis of variance and mean and were separated using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a p > 0.05 level of probability. It was found that FA3 inoculation significantly enhanced the growth traits of the accessions than other strains and N fertilizer application. In both locations and seasons, at 7 weeks after planting (WAP) and 12 WAP, plant height (19.54 and 22.71 cm), number of branches (33.63 and 62.77), number of leaves (116.54 and 209.25), terminal leaf length (5.62 and 6.00 cm), and width (2.09 and 2.56 cm) were recorded. The yield and yield components recorded at harvest were as follows: pod length (13.27 cm), pod width (9.08 mm), seed length (9.39 mm), seed width (6.92 mm), weight of 100 seeds (56.85 g), and yield/ha (750.72 kg). The yield and yield components were also significantly influenced by the inoculation of FA3 and RACA6 than other inoculated strains and N fertilizer application in both locations and seasons.
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Bakhite MAE, Sithole NJ, Magwaza LS, Odindo AO, Magwaza ST, Ncama K. Phosphorus application improves grain yield in low phytic acid maize synthetic populations. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07912. [PMID: 34527823 PMCID: PMC8429078 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize mutants with low phytic acid have a compromised overall agronomic performance that results in low yields. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of P (18, 26 and 34 mg/kg) on the agronomic performance of low and high phytic acid (LPA and HPA) maize synthetic populations of tropical origin, compared to two commercial hybrids (SC701 and LS8520). Subsequently, a germination test was performed on the seeds produced from the different levels of P fertilizer application rates. The germination test was conducted in the laboratory, using a germination paper towel, while the agronomic study was conducted in a controlled environment. The measured parameters included days to 50% flowering, plant height, and grain yield, as well as the final germination and germination velocity index. The results found that the grain yield increased by 1.30, 0.51, 2.41 and 1.87 t/ha in LPA, HPA, SC701 and LS8520, from the application of 18–26 mg/kg of P, respectively. However, there were non-significant differences (p > 0.05) in the grain yields of all varieties at a P application of 26 and 34 mg/kg. The final germination increased by 4% and 2% in LPA and LS8520, respectively, with the increase in the P application rate being from 18 to 26 mg/kg. However, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in the final germination percentage of all varieties at 26 mg/kg of P. This study indicated that the optimum application of P at planting enhances the overall performance of the LPA maize synthetic population to a level that is comparable to commercially-grown varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A E Bakhite
- Discipline of Crop Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Nkanyiso J Sithole
- Crop Science Department, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2035, South Africa.,Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Lembe S Magwaza
- Discipline of Crop Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.,Discipline of Horticultural Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Alfred O Odindo
- Discipline of Crop Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Shirly T Magwaza
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Khayelihle Ncama
- Crop Science Department, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2035, South Africa.,Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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Attri P, Ishikawa K, Okumura T, Koga K, Shiratani M, Mildaziene V. Impact of seed color and storage time on the radish seed germination and sprout growth in plasma agriculture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2539. [PMID: 33510231 PMCID: PMC7844220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of low-temperature plasma for the pre-sowing seed treatment is still in the early stage of research; thus, numerous factors affecting germination percentage, seedling growth, and yield remains unknown. This study aimed to estimate how two critical factors, such as harvest year and seed coat color, affect the percentage of germination and seedling growth after plasma treatment. Radish seeds stored for 2 and 1 year after harvesting (harvested in 2017 and 2018) were sorted into two colors (brown and grey) to investigate the plasma effect on harvest year and seed coat color. We analyzed the amounts of seed phytohormones and antioxidant (γ-tocopherol) were analyzed using mass spectrometry, and physical changes were studied using SEM, EDX, and EPR to understand the mechanism of plasma-induced changes in radish seeds. The obtained results revealed that plasma treatment on seeds affects the germination kinetics, and the maximal germination percentage depends on seed color and the time of seed storage after harvest. Through this study, for the first time, we demonstrated that physical and chemical changes in radish seeds after plasma treatment depends upon the seed color and harvest year. Positive effects of plasma treatment on growth are stronger for sprouts from seeds harvested in 2017 than in 2018. The plasma treatment effect on the sprouts germinated from grey seeds effect was stronger than sprouts from brown radish seeds. The amounts of gibberellin A3 and abscisic acid in control seeds strongly depended on the seed color, and plasma induced changes were better in grey seeds harvested in 2017. Therefore, this study reveals that Air scalar-DBD plasma's reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can efficiently accelerate germination and growth in older seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Attri
- Center of Plasma Nano-Interface Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Kenji Ishikawa
- Center of Plasma Nano-Interface Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takamasa Okumura
- Department of Electronics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunori Koga
- Department of Electronics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Novel Science Initiatives, National Institute of Natural Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Shiratani
- Center of Plasma Nano-Interface Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Electronics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Vida Mildaziene
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, 44404, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Hussin H, Gregory PJ, Julkifle AL, Sethuraman G, Tan XL, Razi F, Azam-Ali SN. Enhancing the Nutritional Profile of Noodles With Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea) and Moringa (Moringa oleifera): A Food System Approach. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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