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Lozano VL. Hidden impacts of environmental stressors on freshwater communities could be revealed at lower concentrations by correlation of abundances network analyses: An example with herbicides glyphosate, 2,
4‐D
, and their mixtures. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Laura Lozano
- Cátedra de Biología y Diversidad de Protistas Autótrofos y Fungi Universidad Nacional de Salta Av. Bolivia 5150, Fac. de Cs. Naturales Salta CP 4400 Argentina
- Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados (IEBI‐CONICET) Salta Argentina
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Wijewardene L, Wu N, Hörmann G, Messyasz B, Riis T, Hölzel C, Ulrich U, Fohrer N. Effects of the herbicides metazachlor and flufenacet on phytoplankton communities - A microcosm assay. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:113036. [PMID: 34861440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Agrochemicals are the main pollutants in freshwater ecosystems. Metazachlor and flufenacet are two common herbicides applied in fall (i.e., August-October) to agricultural fields in Northern Germany. High concentrations of these herbicides are often found in adjacent aquatic ecosystems. Phytoplankton are one of the highly susceptible non-targeted aquatic organismal groups for herbicides and effects on phytoplankton may initiate a chain of consequences in meta communities through trophic interactions. Few studies have focused on responses of the phytoplankton community for metazachlor and, no studies have focused on flufenacet. We studied the effects of metazachlor and flufenacet on the phytoplankton community by conducting a microcosm experiment exposing natural fall phytoplankton communities to environmentally realistic concentrations as 0 (control), 0.5, 5 and 50 µg L-1 of metazachlor and flufenacet treatments over a 4-week period. We measured changes in density, composition (i.e., in phyla and species level), taxonomic diversity indices, and functional features of phytoplankton communities as a response to herbicides. A reduction in the density of Chlorophyta species (e.g., Koliella longiseta, Selenastrum bibraianum) and Cyanobacteria species (e.g., Merismopedia tenuissima and Aphanocapsa elegans) was observed in herbicide treatments compared to controls. The phytoplankton community shifted towards a high density of species from Bacillariophyta (e.g., Nitzschia fonticola and Cyclotella meneghiniana), Miozoa (i.e., Peridinium willei), and Euglenozoa (i.e., Trachelomonas volvocina) in herbicide treatments compared to controls. Metazachlor and flufenacet showed significant negative effects on taxonomic diversity indices (e.g., species richness, the Shannon-Wiener index) and functional features (e.g., functional dispersion and redundancy) of the phytoplankton communities, with increasing herbicide concentrations. Our study provides insights into direct, selective, and irrecoverable effects of metazachlor and flufenacet on phytoplankton communities in the short-term. The comprehensive understanding of these effects of environmentally realistic herbicide concentrations on aquatic biota is essential for a sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems in agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishani Wijewardene
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Department of Limnology and Water Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences & Technology, University of Ruhuna, 81000 Matara, Sri Lanka.
| | - Naicheng Wu
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China.
| | - Georg Hörmann
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Beata Messyasz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Tenna Riis
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; WATEC, Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Department of Biology, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Christina Hölzel
- Department of Animal Health and Animal Hygiene, Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Uta Ulrich
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Nicola Fohrer
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Miranda CE, Clauser CD, Lozano VL, Cataldo DH, Pizarro HN. An invasive mussel is in trouble: How do glyphosate, 2,4-D and its mixture affect Limnoperna fortunei's survival? AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 239:105957. [PMID: 34509051 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Contamination and biological invasions are important factors that alter the functioning of freshwater systems. We carried out two experiments involving daily measurements of dissolved oxygen (DO) and Limnoperna fortunei mortality: 1) the impact of DO on mussel survival mediated by glyphosate, 2,4-D and their mixture was analysed in a 22-day indoor experiment (IE) under controlled conditions using microcosms with L. fortunei, with and without air supply; and 2) the effect of each herbicide and their mixture on mussel accumulated mortality was compared in a 18-day outdoor experiment (OE) using mesocosms without air supply, with and without L. fortunei. Results showed that glyphosate, alone or mixed affected L. fortunei survival both directly and indirectly. In IE we observed direct toxicity of glyphosate in treatments with air supply, with accumulated mortality of 20.0% for glyphosate and 10.0% for the mixture. In OE, L. fortunei deepened the changes in the patterns of DO fluctuations driven by the herbicides, which led to hypoxia in the system. The accumulated mortality was 46.7, 8.6 and 48.2% for glyphosate, 2,4-D and the mixture, respectively. This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms that control the invasion of L. fortunei in freshwater systems influenced by agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia E Miranda
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carlos D Clauser
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica L Lozano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel H Cataldo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Haydée N Pizarro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lozano VL, Allen Dohle S, Vera MS, Torremorell A, Pizarro HN. Primary production of freshwater microbial communities is affected by a cocktail of herbicides in an outdoor experiment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110821. [PMID: 32544746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Primary production (PP) is a key variable to evaluate the quality of the ecological services provided by freshwater bodies because it gives information on the amount of oxygen and organic matter incorporated into the system. We analysed the impact of a mixture of commercial formulations of glyphosate- and 2,4-D-based herbicides (Roundup Max® and AsiMax 50®, respectively) on freshwater primary production. Primary production was studied through the oxygen exchange method. Four measurements were made during a 23-day experiment in outdoor mesocosms using the light and dark bottle method. High and low concentrations of the active ingredients were assayed to evaluate a concentration-dependent effect. Our results indicated that the mixture of Roundup Max® and AsiMax 50® acted mostly additively on gross and net primary production. Moreover, we found a concentration-dependent effect of each herbicide on PP. Thus, AsiMax 50® at low and Roundup Max® at high concentration induced a significant early decrease in respiration and gross primary production 4 h after application, attributable to physiological responses. Besides, significant increases in primary production were simultaneously recorded with increases in chlorophyll a concentration and micro + nano-phytoplankton abundance 7 days after the application of Roundup Max® at high concentration. This study contributes to the knowledge of the impact of widely used herbicides on freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Lozano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Allen Dohle
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M S Vera
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Torremorell
- Programa de Ecología de Protistas, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Luján-CONICET, Lujan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H N Pizarro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Activated Carbon from Yam Peels Modified with Fe3O4 for Removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Aqueous Solution. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The removal of organic pollutants from water sources can be enhanced using suitable adsorbents. The aim of this research was to study the adsorption capacity and potential reuse of a magnetic adsorbent prepared from agricultural wastes of yam peels (Dioscorea rotundata) for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) acid removal. The procedure was performed through carbonization and activation at 400 and 500 °C, respectively. Then, the as-prepared activated carbon (AC) was chemically modified using magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The AC and magnetic activated carbon (MAC) were characterized and then used for batch adsorption and regeneration tests at different pH, initial concentrations of 2,4-D, and temperature. AC and MAC were showed to have microporous structures with surface areas of 715 and 325 m2/g, respectively. Superparamagnetic behavior was observed for MAC with a saturation magnetization of 6 emu/g. The results from the batch experiments showed higher adsorption capacity at high initial concentration of 2,4-D, low pH, and room temperature. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the experiments proceeded as exothermic and spontaneous adsorption. Our findings also showed that MAC can be separated from the water medium through a facile magnetic procedure, and from regeneration experiments, MAC showed better results with 60% of its initial adsorption capacity after five cycles. Hence, MAC was found to be a promising alternative adsorbent of pesticides in water.
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