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Detection of unusual Cryptosporidium parvum subtype in patients with gastrointestinal cancer in Egypt. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:597-606. [PMID: 36539638 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07761-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While the importance of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised persons is well known, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in cancer patients is not clear. The current study was designed to assess the occurrence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer in Egypt. Stool samples were collected from 100 patients with GI malignancies and 20 healthy individuals without any GI manifestations (control group). They were screened by microscopy and the immunochromatographic RIDA®QUICK Cryptosporidium kit. Subtyping of Cryptosporidium spp. was conducted by sequence analysis of the glycoprotein 60 (gp60) locus. Sociodemographic, environmental data and information on GI symptoms, cancer types, and clinical treatment were obtained via a questionnaire. By microscopy and RIDA®QUICK, only 7% (7/100) of GI cancer patients were positive for Cryptosporidium, compared with 40% (40/100) by gp60 nPCR. No positives were obtained from the control group. Male sex (P = 0.02) and younger age (P = 0.004) were major Cryptosporidium risk factors for infection. The occurrence of Cryptosporidium was also significantly more frequent (P = 0.003) in watery stool samples. Sequence analysis of the gp60 amplicons (~ 400 bp) identified a novel C. parvum subtype with nine TCA repeats and eleven ACATCA repeats. A formal subtype designation could not be made due to the short sequence length. More studies should be conducted to verify the common occurrence of this unusual C. parvum subtype and establish its genetic identity.
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Asghari A, Sadeghipour Z, Hassanipour S, Abbasali Z, Ebrahimzadeh-Parikhani H, Hashemzaei M, Alimardani V, Hatam G. Association between Blastocystis sp. infection and immunocompromised patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60308-60328. [PMID: 34528202 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The significance of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients and the enigmatic pathogenicity of Blastocystis directed us to conduct the first global systematic review and meta-analysis on Blastocystis prevalence, odds ratios (ORs), and subtypes distribution in various immunocompromised patients (HIV/AIDS, cancer and hemodialysis patients, as well as transplant recipients). The systematic searching procedure was done in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for relevant published literature until November 11, 2020. Random-effects model was utilized to calculate the weighted estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). The computed pooled prevalence of Blastocystis inferred from 118 papers (128 datasets) on immunocompromised patients was 10.3% (95% CI: 8.7-12.2%), with 16.1% (95% CI: 11.3-22.2%), 12.5% (95% CI: 8.5-18%), 8.4% (95 % CI: 6.6-10.6%), and 6% (95% CI: 2.6-13.3%) for hemodialysis patients, cancer patients, HIV/AIDS patients, and transplant recipients, respectively. Based on 50 case-control studies (54 datasets), the highest ORs were associated with cancer [2.81 (95% CI: 1.24-6.38, P = 0.013)] and hemodialysis patients [2.78 (95% CI: 1.19-6.48, P = 0.018)]. The most frequent subtype being found in immunocompromised patients was ST3 [41.7% (95% CI: 31.4-52.7%)], followed by ST1 [31.7% (95% CI: 23.2-41.8%)] and ST2 [23.1% (95% CI: 14.8-34.1%)]. Also, the weighted frequency of Blastocystis in various subgroups (publication year, WHO regions, geographical distribution, continents, and country income) was analyzed separately. In total, the results of the present meta-analysis highlighted that one's immunodeficiency status is probably associated with an increased Blastocystis infection, underpinning strict preventive measures to be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Sadeghipour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Abbasali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Ebrahimzadeh-Parikhani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Alimardani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Molecular prevalence of Cryptosporidium isolates among Egyptian children with cancer. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:746-753. [PMID: 34475656 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised individuals especially children with cancer are at risk for acquiring cryptosporidiosis, which can result in severe morbidity and mortality. This work was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium parasite and its genotypes in children with cancer. Stool specimens were collected from 145 children in the Oncology unit of Pediatric Department, Zagazig University Hospital, Sharqiyah province, Egypt. Cryptosporidium infection was evaluated using modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) staining and nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in oncological children was 29.7% using microscopy and 25.5% using nested PCR. Genotypic characterization showed that 23 (62.2%) had C. hominis, 11 (29.7%) C. parvum, and 3 specimens (8.1%) were mixed infection of both genotypes. Cryptosporidiosis was significantly associated with diarrhea. However, no statistically significant difference was detected between the age, gender, residency, animal contact and malignancy type concerning to Cryptosporidium infection. This study concluded that Cryptosporidium is a prevailing opportunistic parasite among children with cancer. It should be considered in oncological patients especially those suffering from diarrhea which requires proper management to reduce its complications.
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Karabey M, Can H, Öner TÖ, Döşkaya M, Alak SE, Döşkaya AD, Karakavuk M, Köseoğlu AE, Ün C, Gürüz AY, Alacacıoğlu A, Pektaş B, Gül A, Kaya S, Gökmen AA. Cryptosporidium spp. during chemotherapy: a cross-sectional study of 94 patients with malignant solid tumor. Ann Saudi Med 2021; 41:293-298. [PMID: 34618605 PMCID: PMC8497003 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2021.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptosporidium spp. is a protozoan parasite that infects many vertebrate animals, including humans. Since Cryptosporidium spp. can cause chronic life-threatening diarrhea and severe malabsorption in immunocompromised patients, we investigated the prevalence of this parasite among patients undergoing chemotherapy for malignant solid tumors. OBJECTIVE Investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in stool samples. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Tertiary care. PATIENTS AND METHODS Stool samples were collected from adult patients with malignant solid tumors receiving chemotherapy and diarrhea. Cryptosporidium spp. prevalence was determined using Ziehl-Neelsen staining, ELISA, and real-time PCR targeting of the COWP gene. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in patients undergoing chemotherapy for malignant solid tumors. SAMPLE SIZE 94 RESULTS: The prevalence was 2.1% (2/94), 5.3% (5/94), and 5.3% (5/94) as detected by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. The prevalence reached 8.5% (8/94) using all results obtained from the three methods. Among eight positive stool samples, four were positive by at least two different methods (Ziehl-Neelsen staining-ELISA or ELISA-real-time PCR) whereas the remaining four were positive by either ELISA or real-time PCR. CONCLUSION These findings show the risk of cryptosporidiosis in cancer patients and the necessity to use at least two diagnostic methods during the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis to reach more accurate and trustworthy results. LIMITATIONS Further studies with a larger sample size are recommended. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karabey
- From the Department of Medical Microbiology, Izmir Katip Celebi Universitesi, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Can
- From the Department of Biology, Ege Universitesi, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tülay Öncü Öner
- From the Department of Bioengineering, Manisa Celal Bayar Universitesi, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Mert Döşkaya
- From the Department of Parasitology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | - Cemal Ün
- From the Department of Biology, Ege Universitesi, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Alacacıoğlu
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Izmir Katip Celebi Universitesi, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bayram Pektaş
- From theızmir Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Microbiology,ızmir, Turkey
| | - Aytül Gül
- From the Department of Bioengineering, Ege Universitesi, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Kaya
- From the Department of Medical Microbiology, Izmir Katip Celebi Universitesi, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Aksoy Gökmen
- From the Department of Medical Microbiology, Izmir Katip Celebi Universitesi, Izmir, Turkey
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Mahdavi F, Sadrebazzaz A, Chahardehi AM, Badali R, Omidian M, Hassanipour S, Asghari A. Global epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Health 2021; 14:5-17. [PMID: 34022771 PMCID: PMC8769951 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Application of chemotherapeutics in cancer patients may provide an immunosuppressive milieu, favourable for parasitic infections. Giardia duodenalis is an important zoonotic intestinal parasite responsible for diarrhoea in humans worldwide. Methods The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of G. duodenalis and respective odds ratios (ORs) in cancer patients around the globe. Four online databases—PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar—were carefully explored for relevant literature without time limitation until 28 November 2020. Meta-analysis was done based on a random effects model to pool the estimations and define 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The overall weighted prevalence of G. duodenalis infection in cancer patients was calculated to be 6.9% (95% CI 0.5 to 9.3) globally, based on data from 32 studies. Although not statistically significant, eight case–control studies revealed that cancer patients were 1.24 times (95% CI 0.66 to 2.31; p=0.501) more exposed to G. duodenalis infection than healthy controls. Moreover, the prevalence of infection was not significantly associated with quantitative variables, including publication year (regression coefficient −0.0135, p=0.578), sample size (regression coefficient −0.0007, p=0.074) and human development index (regression coefficient −1.6263, p=0.419). Also, subgroup analysis of the pooled G. duodenalis infection was performed for publication year, World Health Organization regions, countries, continents, cancer types and country income. Conclusions Altogether, the epidemiology of G. duodenalis infection and its associated risk factors in immunocompromised individuals, especially cancer patients, is still open to question and deserves comprehensive investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Mahdavi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadrebazzaz
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Modarresi Chahardehi
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, 13200, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Roya Badali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mostafa Omidian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Asghari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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