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Lakshmi Sadhana S, Priya Dharshini K, Ramya Devi D, Naryanan VHB, Veerapandian B, Luo RH, Yang JX, Shanmugam SR, Ponnusami V, Brzezinski M, Zheng YT. Investigation of Levan-Derived Nanoparticles of Dolutegravir: A Promising Approach for the Delivery of Anti-HIV Drug as Milk Admixture. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00191-6. [PMID: 38768757 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles composed of Levan and Dolutegravir (DTG) have been successfully synthesized using a spray drying procedure specifically designed for milk/food admixture applications. Levan, obtained from the microorganism Bacillus subtilis, was thoroughly characterized using MALDI-TOF and solid-state NMR technique to confirm its properties. In the present study, this isolated Levan was utilized as a carrier for drug delivery applications. The optimized spray-dried nanoparticles exhibited a smooth surface morphology with particle sizes ranging from 195 to 329 nm. In the in-vitro drug release experiments conducted in water media, the spray-dried nanoparticles showed 100 % release, whereas the unprocessed drug exhibited only 50 % release at the end of 24 h. Notably, the drug release in milk was comparable to that in plain media, indicating the compatibility. The improved dissolution rate observed for the nanoparticles could be attributed to the solid-state conversion (confirmed by XRD analysis) of DTG from its crystalline to amorphous state. The stability of the drug was verified using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy and Thermogravimetry-Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis. To evaluate the in-vitro cellular toxicity, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was conducted, which revealed the CC50 value of 88.88 ± 5.10 µg/mL for unprocessed DTG and 101.08 ± 37.37 µg/mL for DTG nanoparticles. These results indicated that the toxicity of the nanoparticles was comparable to the unprocessed drug. Furthermore, the anti-HIV activity of the nanoparticles in human cell lines was found to be similar to that of the pure drug, emphasizing the therapeutic efficacy of DTG in combating HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lakshmi Sadhana
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, ASK-II, Lab No: 214, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India; Bioprocess Intensification Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, ASK-II, Lab No: 316, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Priya Dharshini
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, ASK-II, Lab No: 214, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Ramya Devi
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, ASK-II, Lab No: 214, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vedha Hari B Naryanan
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, ASK-II, Lab No: 214, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Functional Polymers and Polymer Materials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies in Łódź, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bhuvaneshwari Veerapandian
- Bioprocess Intensification Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, ASK-II, Lab No: 316, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rong-Hua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Jin-Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam
- Biosystems Engineering, 120 Forest Products Laboratory, College of Engineering, Auburn University, United States of America
| | - V Ponnusami
- Bioprocess Intensification Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, ASK-II, Lab No: 316, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marek Brzezinski
- Department of Functional Polymers and Polymer Materials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies in Łódź, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
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González-Torres M, Hernández-Rosas F, Pacheco N, Salinas-Ruiz J, Herrera-Corredor JA, Hernández-Martínez R. Levan Production by Suhomyces kilbournensis Using Sugarcane Molasses as a Carbon Source in Submerged Fermentation. Molecules 2024; 29:1105. [PMID: 38474615 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The valorization of byproducts from the sugarcane industry represents a potential alternative method with a low energy cost for the production of metabolites that are of commercial and industrial interest. The production of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) was carried out using the yeast Suhomyces kilbournensis isolated from agro-industrial sugarcane, and the products and byproducts of this agro-industrial sugarcane were used as carbon sources for their recovery. The effect of pH, temperature, and carbon and nitrogen sources and their concentration in EPS production by submerged fermentation (SmF) was studied in 170 mL glass containers of uniform geometry at 30 °C with an initial pH of 6.5. The resulting EPSs were characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that the highest EPS production yields were 4.26 and 44.33 g/L after 6 h of fermentation using sucrose and molasses as carbon sources, respectively. Finally, an FT-IR analysis of the EPSs produced by S. kilbournensis corresponded to levan, corroborating its origin. It is important to mention that this is the first work that reports the production of levan using this yeast. This is relevant because, currently, most studies are focused on the use of recombinant and genetically modified microorganisms; in this scenario, Suhomyces kilbournensis is a native yeast isolated from the sugar production process, giving it a great advantage in the incorporation of carbon sources into their metabolic processes in order to produce levan sucrose, which uses fructose to polymerize levan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana González-Torres
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Córdoba, Carretera Federal Córdoba-Veracruz Federal Km 348, Congregación Manuel León, Municipio Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz 94946, Mexico
| | - Francisco Hernández-Rosas
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Córdoba, Carretera Federal Córdoba-Veracruz Federal Km 348, Congregación Manuel León, Municipio Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz 94946, Mexico
| | - Neith Pacheco
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Subsede Sureste, Mérida 97302, Mexico
| | - Josafhat Salinas-Ruiz
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Córdoba, Carretera Federal Córdoba-Veracruz Federal Km 348, Congregación Manuel León, Municipio Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz 94946, Mexico
| | - José A Herrera-Corredor
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Córdoba, Carretera Federal Córdoba-Veracruz Federal Km 348, Congregación Manuel León, Municipio Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz 94946, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Hernández-Martínez
- CONAHCYT-Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Córdoba, Carretera Federal Córdoba-Veracruz Federal Km 348, Congregación Manuel León, Municipio Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz 94946, Mexico
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Immanuel A, Yennamalli RM, Ulaganathan V. Targeting the Bottlenecks in Levan Biosynthesis Pathway in Bacillus subtilis and Strain Optimization by Computational Modeling and Omics Integration. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2024; 28:49-58. [PMID: 38315781 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Levan is a fructan polymer with many industrial applications such as the formulation of hydrogels, drug delivery, and wound healing, among others. To this end, metabolic systems engineering is a valuable method to improve the yield of a specific metabolite in a wide range of bacterial and eukaryotic organisms. In this study, we report a systems biology approach integrating genomics data for the Bacillus subtilis model, wherein the metabolic pathway for levan biosynthesis is unpacked. We analyzed a revised genome-scale enzyme-constrained metabolic model (ecGEM) and performed simulations to increase levan biopolymer production capacity in B. subtilis. We used the model ec_iYO844_lvn to (1) identify the essential genes and bottlenecks in levan production, and (2) specifically design an engineered B. subtilis strain capable of producing higher levan yields. The FBA and FVA analysis showed the maximal growth rate of the organism up to 0.624 hr-1 at 20 mmol gDw-1 hr-1 of sucrose intake. Gene knockout analyses were performed to identify gene knockout targets to increase the levan flux in B. subtilis. Importantly, we found that the pgk and ctaD genes are the two target genes for the knockout. The perturbation of these two genes has flux gains for levan production reactions with 1.3- and 1.4-fold the relative flux span in the mutant strains, respectively, compared to the wild type. In all, this work identifies the bottlenecks in the production of levan and possible ways to overcome them. Our results provide deeper insights on the bacterium's physiology and new avenues for strain engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruldoss Immanuel
- Molecular Motors Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Ragothaman M Yennamalli
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Venkatasubramanian Ulaganathan
- Molecular Motors Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
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Keerthashalini P, Sobanadevi V, Uppuluri KB. Deep eutectic solvent assisted recovery of high molecular weight levan from an isolated Neobacillus pocheonensis BPSCM4. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 54:407-418. [PMID: 37632396 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2245877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the usage of deep eutectic solvent to recover microbial levan from the clarified fermented broth. The classic ethanol precipitation method for levan recovery is expensive because ethanol can be utilized as a biofuel. Production of ethanol consumes more energy and is not easily recycled. As a result, the current work concentrates on using environmentally friendly solvents for levan recovery. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) are greener and can replace ethanol from the microbial polysaccharides precipitation. Thus the proposed approach is environment friendly, technically feasible, reliable and economically viable. The levan was produced from a microbial isolate of aged sugarcane molasses, recovered using traditional ethanol and proposed DES (Choline Chloride and Ethylene Glycol) assisted precipitation. The levan-producing strain was characterized and identified as Neobacillus pocheonensis BPSCM4. The DES-precipitated levan has a high molecular weight of levan, 1.54 × 106 KDa, compared with the ethanol-precipitated levan, 4.246 KDa. The high molecular weight of DES-precipitated levan is due to the low viscosity and hydrogen interaction of ChCl:EG with the levan present in the fermented broth. Further, the optimization enhanced the levan yield to 32.56 g/L when the sucrose concentration was 250 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Keerthashalini
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Sobanadevi
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kiran Babu Uppuluri
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Saeed S, Ahmed S, Naz A, Arooj F, Mehmood T. Valorization of Using Agro-Wastes for Levan through Submerged Fermentation and Statistical Optimization of the Process Variables Applying Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Design. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1559. [PMID: 37375062 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Levan is a homopolysaccharide of fructose units that repeat as its structural core. As an exopolysaccharide (EPS), it is produced by a great variety of microorganisms and a small number of plant species. The principal substrate used for levan production in industries, i.e., sucrose, is expensive and, hence, the manufacturing process requires an inexpensive substrate. As a result, the current research was designed to evaluate the potential of sucrose-rich fruit peels, i.e., mango peels, banana peels, apple peels, and sugarcane bagasse, to produce levan using Bacillus subtilis via submerged fermentation. After screening, the highest levan-producing substrate, mango peel, was used to optimize several process parameters (temperature, incubation time, pH, inoculum volume, and agitation speed) employing the central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM), and their impact on levan production was assessed. After incubation for 64 h at 35 °C and pH 7.5, the addition of 2 mL of inoculum, and agitation at 180 rpm, the highest production of levan was 0.717 g/L of mango peel hydrolysate (obtained from 50 g of mango peels/liter of distilled water). The F-value of 50.53 and p-value 0.001 were calculated using the RSM statistical tool to verify that the planned model was highly significant. The selected model's accuracy was proven by a high value (98.92%) of the coefficient of determination (R2). The results obtained from ANOVA made it clear that the influence of agitation speed alone on levan biosynthesis was statistically significant (p-value = 0.0001). The functional groups of levan produced were identified using FTIR (Fourier-transform ionization radiation). The sugars present in the levan were measured using HPLC and the levan was found to contain only fructose. The average molecular weight of the levan was 7.6 × 106 KDa. The findings revealed that levan can be efficiently produced by submerged fermentation using inexpensive substrate, i.e., fruit peels. Furthermore, these optimized cultural conditions can be applied on a commercial scale for industrial production and commercialization of levan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Saeed
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sibtain Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Alina Naz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Arooj
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
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Jang WY, Sohn JH, Chang JH. Thermally Stable and Reusable Silica and Nano-Fructosome Encapsulated CalB Enzyme Particles for Rapid Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Acylation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9838. [PMID: 37372985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the preparation of silica-coated and nano-fructosome encapsulated Candida antarctica lipase B particles (CalB@NF@SiO2) and a demonstration of their enzymatic hydrolysis and acylation. CalB@NF@SiO2 particles were prepared as a function of TEOS concentration (3-100 mM). Their mean particle size was 185 nm by TEM. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed to compare catalytic efficiencies of CalB@NF and CalB@NF@SiO2. The catalytic constants (Km, Vmax, and Kcat) of CalB@NF and CalB@NF@SiO2 were calculated using the Michaelis-Menten equation and Lineweaver-Burk plot. Optimal stability of CalB@NF@SiO2 was found at pH 8 and a temperature of 35 °C. Moreover, CalB@NF@SiO2 particles were reused for seven cycles to evaluate their reusability. In addition, enzymatic synthesis of benzyl benzoate was demonstrated via an acylation reaction with benzoic anhydride. The efficiency of CalB@NF@SiO2 for converting benzoic anhydride to benzyl benzoate by the acylation reaction was 97%, indicating that benzoic anhydride was almost completely converted to benzyl benzoate. Consequently, CalB@NF@SiO2 particles are better than CalB@NF particles for enzymatic synthesis. In addition, they are reusable with high stability at optimal pH and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Young Jang
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Sohn
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Chang
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
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Veerapandian B, Shanmugam SR, Sivaraman S, Sriariyanun M, Karuppiah S, Venkatachalam P. Production and characterization of microbial levan using sugarcane ( Saccharum spp.) juice and chicken feather peptone as a low-cost alternate medium. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17424. [PMID: 37484316 PMCID: PMC10361384 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An alternate medium consisting of sugarcane juice (SJ) (Saccharum spp.) and chicken feather peptone (CFP) was employed for microbial synthesis of levan. SJ has considerable amounts of vital minerals, vitamins, and amino acids in addition to its major constituent, sucrose. Meanwhile, CFP is also a rich source of essential nutrients such as amino acids, micro and macro elements. Amino acids present in SJ and CFP, such as glutamic acid, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine and elements such as Ca, Mg favoured the cell growth and levan production. In this present work, levan was produced using Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441 in five different media, namely, sucrose along with defined nutrients (M1), Sugarcane Juice without nutrients (M2), SJ with defined nutrients (M3), SJ along with chicken feather peptone (M4) and sucrose without nutrient (M5). Alternative nutrient medium using SJ and CFP (M4) showed a promising levan yield of 0.32 ± 0.01 g of levan/g of sucrose consumed, which is 64% of the theoretical levan yield possible. Levan produced was characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). There is a change in low molecular weight fractions of levan obtained from SJ and CFP medium compared to the defined medium. Produced levan from the composite medium exhibited strong antioxidant activity and was biocompatible when tested against endothelial cells. The substrate cost was 20% lower than the cost of defined medium. Thus, a composite medium made of SJ and CFP can serve as an alternate low-cost medium for microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneshwari Veerapandian
- Biomass Conversion and Bioproducts Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Subramaniyasharma Sivaraman
- Biomass Conversion and Bioproducts Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Malinee Sriariyanun
- Biorefinery and Process Automation Engineering Center, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sugumaran Karuppiah
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnusami Venkatachalam
- Biomass Conversion and Bioproducts Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Structural and Functional Characterization of Exopolysaccharide Produced by a Novel Isolate Bacillus sp. EPS003. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04368-2. [PMID: 36705841 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing soil bacterium was isolated and characterized using 16S rRNA as Bacillus sp. EPS003. EPS was precipitated using ethanol and % composition of total carbohydrate, and protein was determined. Monosaccharide composition was identified using thin layer chromatography (TLC), and it was found to be a levan. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum revealed the peaks for carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amide functional groups. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum further confirmed the presence of fructose monomer. Field emission scanning electron microscopic images (FE-SEM) revealed porous and amorphous characteristics of EPS which was further confirmed with broad peaks in X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum. Elemental composition was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of EPS resulted in a residual mass of 33.81% at 548 °C indicating high thermal stability. In addition, solubility index and water-holding capacity of EPS were found to be 56% and 264%, respectively, making EPS suitable for various applications. Further, antioxidant potential of EPS was studied using hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assays. In vitro cytotoxicity assessment using L929 cells and SK-MEL-3 cell lines clearly indicated that the EPS produced by the novel isolate Bacillus sp. EPS003 could serve as a potential anticancer agent.
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Mummaleti G, Sarma C, Kalakandan SK, Gazula H, Sivanandham V, Anandharaj A. Characterization of levan produced from coconut inflorescence sap using Bacillus subtilis and its application as a sweetener. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Production of levan from Bacillus subtilis var. natto and apoptotic effect on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118613. [PMID: 34561011 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Levan is a high-valued polysaccharide of fructose produced by several microbial species. These polysaccharides have been described as effective therapeutic agents in some human disease conditions, such as cancer, heart diseases and diabetes. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of levan (β-(2 → 6)-fructan) produced through sucrose fermentation by B. subtilis var. natto on the proliferation rate, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. It was obtained 41.44 g/L of levan in 18 h by biotechnological fermentation and SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to 1000 μg/mL of levan. The treatment with 1000 μg/mL of levan induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cancer cells by the significant increase in Annexin V/7-AAD and caspase 3/7 activation, but did not decrease proliferation or triggered a cytotoxic effect. 1000 μg/mL levan treatment is a promising therapeutic strategy for SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
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Optimization and extraction of edible microbial polysaccharide from fresh coconut inflorescence sap: An alternative substrate. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Aramsangtienchai P, Kongmon T, Pechroj S, Srisook K. Enhanced production and immunomodulatory activity of levan from the acetic acid bacterium, Tanticharoenia sakaeratensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:574-581. [PMID: 32629048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Levan is a fructose polymer with β-(2 → 6) glycosidic linkages. It is produced by several microorganisms, and due to its potential biotechnological and industrial applications, various levan-producing bacteria with different levels of production efficiencies have been reported. We investigated the levan-producing ability of the acetic acid bacterium, Tanticharoenia sakaeratensis. The exopolysaccharides produced by the bacterium under a sucrose environment were characterized as levan by FT-IR, and 1H and 13C NMR. The molecular weight of levan thus produced range from 1.0 × 105-6.8 × 105 Da. The maximum yield of levan from T. sakaeratensis is 24.7 g·L-1 in a liquid medium containing 20% (w/v) sucrose and incubated at 37 °C, 250 RPM for 35 h. The levan produced by T. sakaeratensis can promote nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting it has immunomodulatory effects. Our study reveals that T. sakaeratensis can be potentially employed as a new source of levan for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpun Aramsangtienchai
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Unit of Natural Bioactive Compounds for Healthcare Products Development, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Burapha University, 20131, Thailand.
| | - Titapa Kongmon
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Unit of Natural Bioactive Compounds for Healthcare Products Development, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Sirintip Pechroj
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Unit of Natural Bioactive Compounds for Healthcare Products Development, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Klaokwan Srisook
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Unit of Natural Bioactive Compounds for Healthcare Products Development, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Burapha University, 20131, Thailand
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