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Al Absi DT, Yousuf K, Aljaberi K, AlBreiki R, Simsekler MCE, Omar MA, Ayathan S, Mehmood T, Anwar S, Kashiwagi DT. Barriers Preventing Medical Trainees from Active Participation in Research Activities. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:1513-1522. [PMID: 38617083 PMCID: PMC11015839 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s447948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Research has increasingly become important to career progression and a compulsory component in most medical programs. While medical trainees are consistently urged to undertake research endeavors, they frequently encounter obstacles at both personal and organizational levels that impede the pursuit of high-quality research. This study aims to identify the barriers and recommend successful interventions to increase research productivity amongst medical trainees. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out among interns, residents, and fellows within a single hospital located in the emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE. The survey included inquiries regarding perceived obstacles hindering engagement in research activities, factors driving motivation for research involvement, and the assessment of how research participation relates to their job in terms of relevance. Results Fifty-seven medical trainees participated in the survey, reflecting a response rate of 53%. The survey highlighted common obstacles, notably including time constraints, insufficient statistical and methodology training, the weight of other educational commitments, as well as inadequate incentives and rewards. While a majority of participants expressed interest in engaging in research activities, the consensus was that more incentives and increased funding opportunities would significantly encourage their involvement. Conclusion Implementing successful interventions such as allocating dedicated time for research, facilitating access to research mentors, and organizing training sessions have the potential to be effective strategies in fostering a thriving research culture and subsequently elevating research productivity of medical trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Tareq Al Absi
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khadija Yousuf
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kholoud Aljaberi
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rahma AlBreiki
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mecit Can Emre Simsekler
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Atif Omar
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sanjay Ayathan
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Siddiq Anwar
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine and Health Science of Medicine, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Deanne T Kashiwagi
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Rashid F, Ahmed Z, Ferheen I, Mehmood T, Liaqat S, Ghoneim MM, Rahman A. Effect of fenugreek and flaxseed polysaccharide-based edible coatings on the quality attributes and shelf life of apple fruit during storage. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2093-2103. [PMID: 38455192 PMCID: PMC10916592 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to explore the potential of fenugreek and flaxseed polysaccharide-based edible coatings to enhance the postharvest storage life of apple fruit. The experimental plan involved the preparation of five different coating formulations, which were subsequently applied to the fruit. The coated fruit was then stored at a temperature of 25 ± 2°C for a duration of 35 days. The effects of these coatings on physicochemical and biochemical attributes (weight loss, firmness, acidity, pH, sugar content, antioxidant activity, microbial growth, and sensory properties) of coated and uncoated samples were evaluated at regular intervals: 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of storage. The experimental results revealed a significant difference (p ≤ .05) in the physicochemical parameters of uncoated and coated apple at different storage times. The coated apple fruits showed significantly (p ≤ .05) lower weight loss, pH, total sugars, total soluble solids, and maximum retention of ascorbic acid, firmness, acidity, and antioxidant contents, leading to enhanced organoleptic properties. The application of edible coatings extended the shelf-life of the apples by inhibiting microbiological spoilage without substantial impact on sensory and nutritional properties. Based on these results, it is concluded that the edible coating formulation labeled T 1 (containing 2.5 g fenugreek polysaccharide and 1.5 g flax polysaccharide) effectively preserved the valuable physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of the apple fruit throughout the storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Rashid
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition (IFSN)University of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Environmental DesignAllama Iqbal Open University (AIOU)IslamabadPakistan
| | - Ifra Ferheen
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpurPakistan
| | - Saba Liaqat
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Food and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Management and TechnologyLahorePakistan
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of PharmacyAlMaarefa UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of PharmacyAl‐Azhar UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Afzal Rahman
- Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and TechnologyBangladesh Agricultural UniversityDhakaBangladesh
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Al-Absi DT, Simsekler MCE, Omar MA, Soliman-Aboumarie H, Abou Khater N, Mehmood T, Anwar S, Kashiwagi DT. Evaluation of point-of-care ultrasound training among healthcare providers: a pilot study. Ultrasound J 2024; 16:12. [PMID: 38383673 PMCID: PMC10881927 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-023-00350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) has become prevalent across a variety of clinical settings. Many healthcare professionals have started getting hands-on training. To evaluate the effectiveness of such training programs, this study aimed to assess a 4 day POCUS training course on healthcare providers' skills and knowledge acquisition. A secondary objective of this study is to gain valuable insights into the degree of perception, attitude, interest levels and perceived barriers of medical providers performing POCUS. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study performed on healthcare providers in an integrated healthcare facility in Abu Dhabi undergoing the POCUS training course in February 2022. Course participants took a pre-course survey to evaluate their baseline knowledge, skills, confidence, perception, and interest in POCUS. The same survey was repeated immediately post-course. In total, seven healthcare professionals responded to the survey with a response rate of 53.8%. All data and information gathered were used to understand the effectiveness of POCUS training and gain insights into the degree of perception, interest and preparedness of POCUS among healthcare professionals in practice. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the brief POCUS course was effective in improving POCUS skills, knowledge and confidence amongst in-practice healthcare providers from varying medical specialties. The median skill score increased from 25% pre-course to 50% post-course. There is a notable increase in all skills scores after the POCUS training course with the greatest change in scores seen for adjusting 'gain and depth of image (54.84%), assessing VeXUS score (52.38%) and evaluating lung congestion (50%). The study also provided valuable insights into the perception, attitude, interest and potential barriers of POCUS implementation. Although significant barriers to POCUS are present including the lack of POCUS curriculum, what is challenging is lack of expertise and skills to perform POCUS. Therefore, medical providers must acquire prespecified skills to fully utilize POCUS effectively. CONCLUSION The study confirmed the effectiveness of short POCUS training in improving the skills, knowledge and confidence of medical providers in practice. Healthcare professionals can master POCUS skills and techniques and gain confidence through brief training courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Tareq Al-Absi
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mecit Can Emre Simsekler
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Atif Omar
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hatem Soliman-Aboumarie
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- School of Cardiovascular, Metabolic Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Noha Abou Khater
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, P.O.Box 11001, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, P.O.Box 11001, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Siddiq Anwar
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, P.O.Box 11001, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Deanne Tomie Kashiwagi
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, P.O.Box 11001, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Parveen S, Shehzadi S, Shafiq N, Rashid M, Naz S, Mehmood T, Riaz R, S Almaary K, Nafidi HA, Bourhia M. A discovery of potent kaempferol derivatives as multi-target medicines against diabetes as well as bacterial infections: an in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38334277 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2308773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids demonstrate beneficial effects on human health because flavonoids contain important biological properties. Kaempferol is a flavonol, type of flavonoid found in eatable plants and in plants usually employed in ancient drugs (Moringa oleifera, Tilia spp., fern genus spp. and gingko etc.). Some medicinal studies have shown that the use of foods full of kaempferol decreases the risk of many (cancer, vascular) diseases. All the data of 50 kaempferol derivatives were collected from PubChem database. Through Schrödinger software, 3D-QSAR study was performed for 50 compounds by using method of field base. Conformer of kaempferol derivatives was docked against anti-diabetic, anti-microbial co-crystal structures and protein. To monitor the best anti-diabetic and antibacterial agent, particular kaempferol derivatives were downloaded from PubChem database. Virtual screening by molecular docking provided four lead compounds with four different proteins. These hit compounds were found to be potent inhibitor for diabetic enzymes alpha-amylase and DPP IV and had the potential to suppress DNA gyrase and dihydrofolate reductase synthesis. Molecular dynamic simulation of docked complexes evaluates the value of root mean square fluctuation by iMOD server. Kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-(2, 3-di-Z-p-coumaroyl) rhamnoside (42) compound used as anti-diabetic and kaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside (3) as antibacterial with good results can be used for drug discovery.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Parveen
- Synthetic and Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saman Shehzadi
- Synthetic and Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Shafiq
- Synthetic and Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Rashid
- Synthetic and Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Naz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Riaz
- Synthetic and Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid S Almaary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco
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Noreen S, Ballard D, Mehmood T, Khan A, Khalid T, Rakha A. Evaluation of loci to predict ear morphology using two SNaPshot assays. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023; 19:335-356. [PMID: 36401782 PMCID: PMC10518297 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-022-00545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human ear morphology prediction with SNP-based genotypes is growing in forensic DNA phenotyping and is scarcely explored in Pakistan as a part of EVCs (externally visible characteristics). The ear morphology prediction assays with 21 SNPs were assessed for their potential utility in forensic identification of population. The SNaPshot™ multiplex chemistries, capillary electrophoresis methods and GeneMapper™ software were used for obtaining genotypic data. A total of 33 ear phenotypes were categorized with digital photographs of 300 volunteers. SHEsis software was applied to make LD plot. Ordinal and multinomial logistic regression was implemented for association testing. Multinomial logistic regression was executed to construct the prediction model in 90% training and 10% testing subjects. Several influential SNPs for ear phenotypic variation were found in association testing. The model based on genetic markers predicted ear phenotypes with moderate to good predictive accuracies demonstrated with the area under curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of predicted phenotypes. As an additional EVC, the estimated ear phenotypic profiles have the possibility of determining the human ear morphology differences in unknown biological samples found in crimes that do not result in a criminal database hit. Furthermore, this can help in facial reconstruction and act as an investigational lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Noreen
- Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600 Pakistan
- King’s Forensics, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - David Ballard
- King’s Forensics, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, H-12 Pakistan
| | - Arif Khan
- Genomics Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Tanveer Khalid
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600 Pakistan
| | - Allah Rakha
- Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600 Pakistan
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Mayirnao HS, Gupta S, Thokchom SD, Sharma K, Mehmood T, Kaur S, Sharma YP, Kapoor R. Nutritional Assessment of Lactarius drassinus and L. controversus from the Cold Desert Region of the Northwest Himalayas for Their Potential as Food Supplements. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:763. [PMID: 37504751 PMCID: PMC10381459 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kargil is a cold desert with hostile ecological conditions such as low temperature and precipitation, as well as difficult terrains. However, several wild mushrooms thrive well under such an extreme environment. Despite their abundance, the chemical composition of indigenous mushrooms has not been explored. This study aimed to assess the potential of two wild edible mushrooms from Kargil, Lactarius drassinus and Lactarius controversus, as food supplements by evaluating their nutritional and nutraceutical properties. Nutritional attributes such as total protein, available carbohydrates, soluble sugars, and vitamins were found to be high in the mushroom species. Furthermore, high mineral accumulation and relatively lower antinutrient concentrations resulted in higher bioavailabilities of Zn, Fe, Ca, and Mg. Gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-based metabolite profiling revealed that although the two mushroom species showed similar metabolite compositions, their relative concentrations differed. Sugars were the predominant compounds identified in both the species, with sugar alcohols being the major contributor. The second most abundant class of compound in L. drassinus was amino acids, with 5-oxoproline as the major contributor. On the other hand, fatty acids were the second most abundant compounds in L. controversus, with high oleic and linoleic acid concentrations. In the ultra-performance-liquid-chromatography-based quantification of phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid was found to be highest in in terms of its concentration in both the mushrooms studied, followed by quercetin dihydrate and gallic acid in L. drassinus and L. controversus, respectively. Moreover, high antioxidant activities attributable to their high phenol, flavonoid, and carotenoid concentrations were observed. Overall, the two mushrooms offer well-balanced sources of nutritional and nutraceutical compounds, making them healthy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samta Gupta
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | | | - Karuna Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu 180016, India
| | - Surinder Kaur
- SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Yash Pal Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu 180016, India
| | - Rupam Kapoor
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Umar U, Ahmed S, Iftikhar A, Iftikhar M, Majeed W, Liaqat A, Shahzad S, Abbas M, Mehmood T, Anwar F. Phenolics Extracted from Jasminum sambac Mitigates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Apoptotic Mediators and the Nfr-2/HO-1 Pathway in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:5453. [PMID: 37513325 PMCID: PMC10383516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder defined as hyperglycemia and pancreatic β-cell deterioration, leading to other complications such as cardiomyopathy. The current study assessed the therapeutic effects of phenolic acids extracted from Jasminum sambac phenols of leaves (JSP) against diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. The rats were divided into four groups, with each group consisting of 20 rats. The rats were given intraperitoneal injections of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. The diabetes-induced groups (III and IV) received treatment for six weeks that included 250 and 500 mg/kg of JSP extract, respectively. In the treated rats, the results demonstrated that JSP extract restored fasting glucose, serum glucose, and hyperlipidemia. Alloxan induced cardiomyopathy, promoted oxidative stress, and altered cardiac function biomarkers, including cardiac troponin I, proBNP, CK-MB, LDH, and IMA. The JSP extract-treated rats showed improved cardiac function indicators, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. In diabetic rats, the mRNA expression of caspase-3, BAX, and Bcl-2 was significantly higher, while Bcl-2, Nrf-2, and HO-,1 was significantly lower. In the treated groups, the expression levels of the BAX, Nrf-2, HO-1, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2 genes were dramatically returned to normal level. According to our findings, the JSP extract prevented cardiomyopathy and heart failure in the hyperglycemic rats by improving cardiac biomarkers and lowering the levels of hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, apoptosis, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urooj Umar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sibtain Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Asra Iftikhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Iftikhar
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Wafa Majeed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Atika Liaqat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sana Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mateen Abbas
- Quality Operations Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
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Saeed S, Ahmed S, Naz A, Arooj F, Mehmood T. Valorization of Using Agro-Wastes for Levan through Submerged Fermentation and Statistical Optimization of the Process Variables Applying Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Design. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1559. [PMID: 37375062 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Levan is a homopolysaccharide of fructose units that repeat as its structural core. As an exopolysaccharide (EPS), it is produced by a great variety of microorganisms and a small number of plant species. The principal substrate used for levan production in industries, i.e., sucrose, is expensive and, hence, the manufacturing process requires an inexpensive substrate. As a result, the current research was designed to evaluate the potential of sucrose-rich fruit peels, i.e., mango peels, banana peels, apple peels, and sugarcane bagasse, to produce levan using Bacillus subtilis via submerged fermentation. After screening, the highest levan-producing substrate, mango peel, was used to optimize several process parameters (temperature, incubation time, pH, inoculum volume, and agitation speed) employing the central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM), and their impact on levan production was assessed. After incubation for 64 h at 35 °C and pH 7.5, the addition of 2 mL of inoculum, and agitation at 180 rpm, the highest production of levan was 0.717 g/L of mango peel hydrolysate (obtained from 50 g of mango peels/liter of distilled water). The F-value of 50.53 and p-value 0.001 were calculated using the RSM statistical tool to verify that the planned model was highly significant. The selected model's accuracy was proven by a high value (98.92%) of the coefficient of determination (R2). The results obtained from ANOVA made it clear that the influence of agitation speed alone on levan biosynthesis was statistically significant (p-value = 0.0001). The functional groups of levan produced were identified using FTIR (Fourier-transform ionization radiation). The sugars present in the levan were measured using HPLC and the levan was found to contain only fructose. The average molecular weight of the levan was 7.6 × 106 KDa. The findings revealed that levan can be efficiently produced by submerged fermentation using inexpensive substrate, i.e., fruit peels. Furthermore, these optimized cultural conditions can be applied on a commercial scale for industrial production and commercialization of levan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Saeed
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sibtain Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Alina Naz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Arooj
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
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Nawaz A, Nielsen S, Mehmood T, Abdullah A, Ahmed A, Ullah W, Khan A. Prescription drug dependence with and without concurrent illicit drug use: a multicenter cross-sectional survey among an addiction treatment seeking population. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1133606. [PMID: 37324815 PMCID: PMC10267420 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1133606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dependence on prescription drugs and illicit drugs imposes a global health and social burden. Despite accumulating evidence of prescription drugs and illicit drugs dependence, none of the systematized studies has explored the magnitude of this problem in Pakistan. The aim is to investigate the extent and associated factors of prescription drug dependence (PDD), as opposed to concomitant prescription drug dependence and illicit drug use (PIDU), within a sample of individuals seeking addiction treatment. Methods The cross sectional study was conducted on the sample recruited from three drug treatment centers in Pakistan. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with participants who met ICD-10 criteria for prescription drug dependence. Several aspects like substance use histories, negative health outcomes, patient attitude, pharmacy and physician practices also collected to predict the determinants of (PDD). Binomial logistic regression models examined the factors associated with PDD and PIDU. Results Of the 537 treatment seeking individuals interviewed at baseline, close to one third (178, 33.3%) met criteria for dependence on prescription drugs. The majority of the participants were male (93.3%), average age of 31 years, having urban residence (67.4%). Among participants who met criteria for dependence on prescription drugs (71.9%), reported benzodiazepines as the most frequently used drug, followed by narcotic analgesics (56.8%), cannabis/marijuana (45.5%), and heroin (41.5%). The patients reported alprazolam, buprenorphine, nalbuphine, and pentazocin use as alternatives to illicit drugs. PDD was significantly negatively associated with injectable route (OR = 0.281, 95% CI, 0.079-0.993) and psychotic symptoms (OR = 0.315, 95% CI, 0.100, 0.986). This implies that PDD is less likely to be associated with an injectable route and psychotic symptoms in contrast to PIDU. Pain, depression and sleep disorder were primary reasons for PDD. PDD was associated with the attitude that prescription drugs are safer than illicit drugs (OR = 4.057, 95%CI, 1.254-13.122) and PDD was associated with being on professional terms (i.e., having an established relationship) with pharmaceutical drugs retailers for acquisition of prescription drugs. Discussion and conclusion The study found benzodiazepine and opioid dependence in sub sample of addiction treatment seekers. The results have implications for drug policy and intervention strategies for preventing and treating drug use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Nawaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Suzanne Nielsen
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ali Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Waseem Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ajaz A, Shaheen MA, Ahmed M, Munawar KS, Siddique AB, Karim A, Ahmad N, Rehman MFU, Mehmood T. Correction: Synthesis of an amantadine-based novel Schiff base and its transition metal complexes as potential ALP, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11883. [PMID: 37077992 PMCID: PMC10107016 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra90035e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D2RA07051K.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Ajaz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
| | | | - Maqsood Ahmed
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus 63100 Pakistan
| | - Khurram Shahzad Munawar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mianwali Mianwali 42200 Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Karim
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | | | - Tahir Mehmood
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab Lahore-53700 Punjab Pakistan
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11
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Mehmood T, Pichyangkura R, Muanprasat C. Chitosan Oligosaccharide Promotes Junction Barrier through Modulation of PI3K/AKT and ERK Signaling Intricate Interplay in T84 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071681. [PMID: 37050295 PMCID: PMC10096774 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is a breakdown product of chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. COS promotes barrier function in intestinal epithelial cells. However, the exact mechanism of COS-induced barrier function remains unknown. This study was aimed to explore the intricate signaling cascades in the junction barrier induced by COS (100 μg/mL) in human intestinal epithelial cells (T84 cells). COS (100 μg/mL) promoted tight junction assembly and increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). COS inhibited FITC-dextran flux in T84 cell monolayers at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 24 h post treatment. In addition, the effect of COS on TEER and FITC-dextran flux was abrogated by pre-incubation of wortmannin (2 μM), an AKT (protein kinase B) inhibitor, at 2 h and 4 h post treatment, indicating that COS-induced tight junction integrity was mediated at least in part by AKT activation. COS-induced TEER was amplified at 24 h and 48 h post treatment by pre-incubation with SC79 (2.5 μM), an AKT activator. Moreover, COS induced inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in T84 cells. Wortmannin and SC79 pre-incubation promoted ERK activation and ERK inhibition, respectively, suggesting that COS-induced ERK inhibition was mediated by AKT. Collectively, this study reveals that COS promotes junction barrier integrity via regulating PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling intricate interplay in T84 cell monolayers. COS may be beneficial in promoting junction barrier in intestinal disorders.
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12
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Nguyen NP, Karlsson UL, Lehrman D, Mazibuko T, Saghatelyan T, Thariat J, Baumert BG, Vinh-Hung V, Gorobets O, Giap H, Singh S, Chi A, Alessandrini G, Ahluwalia A, Durosinmi-Etti F, Zegarra Cárdenas J, Diabate K, Oboite J, Oboite E, Mehmood T, Vuong T, Kim L, Page BR. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on older cancer patients: Proposed solution by the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1091329. [PMID: 36959795 PMCID: PMC10027708 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1091329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Older cancer patients are disproportionally affected by the Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. A higher rate of death among the elderly and the potential for long-term disability have led to fear of contracting the virus in these patients. This fear can, paradoxically, cause delay in diagnosis and treatment that may lead to a poor outcome that could have been prevented. Thus, physicians should devise a policy that both supports the needs of older patients during cancer treatment, and serves to help them overcome their fear so they seek out to cancer diagnosis and treatment early. A combination of telemedicine and a holistic approach, involving prayers for older cancer patients with a high level of spirituality, may improve vaccination rates as well as quality of life during treatment. Collaboration between health care workers, social workers, faith-based leaders, and cancer survivors may be crucial to achieve this goal. Social media may be an important component, providing a means of sending the positive message to older cancer patients that chronological age is not an impediment to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Phong Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ulf Lennart Karlsson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group, Washington, DC, United States
| | - David Lehrman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Thandeka Mazibuko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tatul Saghatelyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Center of Oncology, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Juliette Thariat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Francois Baclesse Cancer Center, Cain, France
| | - Brigitta G. Baumert
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Vinh-Hung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de La Polynesie Francaise, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Olena Gorobets
- Department of Oral Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique, Martinique, France
| | - Huan Giap
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sankalp Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Army Hospital (Research & Referral), New Delhi, India
| | - Alexander Chi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Abhinav Ahluwalia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Care Oncology Center, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Jorge Zegarra Cárdenas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Regional Institute of Neoplastic Disease, Concepcion, Peru
| | | | - Joan Oboite
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Eromosele Oboite
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Te Vuong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lyndon Kim
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brandi R. Page
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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13
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Yousufuddin M, Yamani MH, Kashani KB, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Seshadri A, Blocker KR, Peters JL, Doss JM, Karam D, Khandelwal K, Sharma UM, Dudenkov DV, Mehmood T, Pagali SR, Nanda S, Abdalrhim AD, Cummings N, Dugani SB, Smerina M, Prokop LJ, Keenan LR, Bhagra S, Jahangir A, Bauer PR, Fonarow GC, Murad MH. Characteristics, Treatment Patterns, and Clinical Outcomes After Heart Failure Hospitalizations During the COVID-19 Pandemic, March to October 2020. Mayo Clin Proc 2023; 98:31-47. [PMID: 36603956 PMCID: PMC9489984 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and 30-day all-cause readmission and mortality between patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF) before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study was conducted at 16 hospitals across 3 geographically dispersed US states. The study included 6769 adults (mean age, 74 years; 56% [5033 of 8989] men) with cumulative 8989 HF hospitalizations: 2341 hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1 through October 30, 2020) and 6648 in the pre-COVID-19 (October 1, 2018, through February 28, 2020) comparator group. We used Poisson regression, Kaplan-Meier estimates, multivariable logistic, and Cox regression analysis to determine whether prespecified study outcomes varied by time frames. RESULTS The adjusted 30-day readmission rate decreased from 13.1% (872 of 6648) in the pre-COVID-19 period to 10.0% (234 of 2341) in the COVID-19 pandemic period (relative risk reduction, 23%; hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.89). Conversely, all-cause mortality increased from 9.7% (645 of 6648) in the pre-COVID-19 period to 11.3% (264 of 2341) in the COVID-19 pandemic period (relative risk increase, 16%; number of admissions needed for one additional death, 62.5; hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.39). Despite significant differences in rates of index hospitalization, readmission, and mortality across the study time frames, the disease severity, HF subtypes, and treatment patterns remained unchanged (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The findings of this large tristate multicenter cohort study of HF hospitalizations suggest lower rates of index hospitalizations and 30-day readmissions but higher incidence of 30-day mortality with broadly similar use of HF medication, surgical interventions, and devices during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the pre-COVID-19 time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ye Zhu
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Zhen Wang
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ashok Seshadri
- Division of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic Health System, Austin, MN
| | - Katherine R Blocker
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Austin, MN
| | - Jessica L Peters
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Austin, MN
| | - Jewell M Doss
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Austin, MN
| | - Dhauna Karam
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Austin, MN
| | - Kanika Khandelwal
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Austin, MN
| | | | - Daniel V Dudenkov
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sandeep R Pagali
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sanjeev Nanda
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Nichole Cummings
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, St. Cloud Hospital, St. Cloud, MN
| | - Sagar B Dugani
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael Smerina
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | | | - Sumit Bhagra
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Austin, MN
| | - Arshad Jahangir
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Philippe R Bauer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mohammad Hassan Murad
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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14
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Mehmood T, Zhang XE. Quantitative Profiling of Alpha-Subunit of IL-3 Receptor on Single Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Super-Resolution Imaging. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:185-194. [PMID: 36708567 PMCID: PMC10152859 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.1.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative profiling of specific cell surface markers is a new approach in characterization of tumor heterogeneity and single cell biology. The current tools have dearth in detection and quantification of receptor proteins on single cells. METHODS we focused on our newly developed protocol to determine the distribution pattern and density of cell surface markers on single acute myeloid leukemia cells. Cell surface proteins were labeled with quantum dots (Qdots) followed by super resolution Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) imaging to imprisonment the optical signals emitted by Qdots which were further analyzed by software imaris to do three dimensional (3D) structure reconstruction and digital simulation. Furthermore, MTT assays and flow cytometry was performed to establish association between expression of cell surface markers and drug response. RESULTS In the present study, we found that the Molm13 and cytarabine-enriched Molm13 cells exhibit different densities of CD123, an alpha-subunit of interleukin-3 receptor, i.e. 0.92 and 1.73 per μm2 of cell surface respectively. Sub-populations of Molm13 cells expressing higher densities of CD123 on cells membranes showed resistance against cytarabine. Further study revealed that romidepsin sensitized and augmented the cytotoxicity of cytarabine in Molm13 and cytarabine-enriched Molm13 cells. Romidepsin increased the percentage of cell death-induced by cytarabine from 21.6 % to 28.6 % and 37.1 % to 57.2 % in Molm13 and cytarabine-enriched Molm13 cells respectively. CONCLUSION Altogether, the study suggests that Molm13 cells have sub-populations with differential expression of CD123+ phenotype. Romidepsin sensitizes and augments the effect of cytarabine in Molm13 and cytarabine-enriched Molm13 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mehmood
- Institute for Synthetic Biology Research, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced, Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- Institute for Synthetic Biology Research, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced, Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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15
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Shahzad T, Iqbal S, Nasir M, Anjum AA, Imran M, Saeed F, Mahomoodally MF, Mehmood T, Zengin G, Mushtaq Z, Hussain M, Al Jbawi E. Comparative analysis of preventive role of different probiotics and prebiotics against the markers of liver damage, oxidative stress markers and inflammatory markers in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced rats. International Journal of Food Properties 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2144881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayyab Shahzad
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-Lahore-Pakistan
| | - Sanaullah Iqbal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-Lahore-Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nasir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-Lahore-Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad Anjum
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-Lahore-Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Narowal-Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Zarina Mushtaq
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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16
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Tabassam Q, Mehmood T, Ahmed S, Anwar F, Rauf Raza A. Characterization and anticancer potential of Withania somnifera fruit bioactives (a native species to Pakistan) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-electrospray ionization. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:908-918. [PMID: 36378048 PMCID: PMC9924761 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Withania somnifera (W. somnifera) is a plant with remarkable pharmacological properties. The plant has an impressive profile of medicinal uses in the folk medicine system of several civilizations. AIM This comprehensive study is aimed to characterize phytochemicals in fruit of W. somnifera and tested for anticancer potential to find out active candidate in disease prevention and treatment. METHODS The bioactive components from W. somn-ifera fruit were extracted with polar and non-polar solvents. Anticancer potential of the isolated bioactive was assessed against different cancer cell lines through MTT assay and Incucytes imaging analysis. The extracts were characterized for secondary metabolites using GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometer), LCMS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry)-ESI (electrospray Ionization) and 1H-NMR (electrospray Ionization) techniques. RESULTS Both freeze-dried and rotary evaporator con-densed extracts exhibited anticancer potential against MDA-MB-231, MCF7- SKOV3 and SKBR3 cell lines. The tested extracts have cell growth inhibition potential ag-ainst mammalian cancer cell line. Hexacosanedioic acid purified from -hexane extract through HPLC was inves-tigated for its cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell line SKBR3 by using Incucytes imaging analysis. CONCLUSION We found that a variety of bioactive compounds existed in this plant. One identified compound that was not investigated for cytotoxicity in previous studies was purified and its application showed cytotoxicity on breast cancer cell lines. A number of bioactive identified from fruit may have an effective potential for development into chemotherapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qudsia Tabassam
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100-, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-UVAS, 54000-Lahore. Pakistan
| | - Sibtain Ahmed
- University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100-, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf Raza
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100-, Pakistan
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17
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Ikram MS, Mehmood T, Rakha A, Akhtar S, Khan MIM, Al-Qahtani WS, Safhi FA, Hadi S, Wang CC, Adnan A. Genetic diversity and forensic application of Y-filer STRs in four major ethnic groups of Pakistan. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:788. [PMID: 36451116 PMCID: PMC9714238 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
17 Y-chromosomal STRs which are part of the Yfiler Amplification Kit were investigated in 493 unrelated Pakistani individuals belonging to the Punjabi, Sindhi, Baloch, and Pathan ethnic groups. We have assessed the forensic parameters and population genetic structure for each group. Among the 493 unrelated individuals from four ethnic groups (128 Baloch, 122 Pathan, 108 Punjabi, and 135 Sindhi), 82 haplotypes were observed with haplotype diversity (HD) of 0.9906 in Baloch, 102 haplotypes with HD value of 0.9957 in Pathans, 80 haplotypes with HD value of 0.9924 in Punjabi, and 105 haplotypes with HD value of 0.9945 in the Sindhi population. The overall gene diversity for Baloch, Pathan, Punjabi, and Sindhi populations was 0.6367, 0.6479, 0.6657, and 0.6112, respectively. The results had shown us that Pakistani populations do not have a unique set of genes but share the genetic affinity with regional (Central Asia and Northern India) populations. The observed low gene diversity (heterozygosity) values may be because of endogamy trends and this observation is equally supported by the results of forensic parameters which are mostly static across 4 combinations (minimal STRs, extended 11 Y-STRs, Powerplex 12 Y System, and Yfiler 17 Y-STRs) of STRs in these four populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Ikram
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China ,grid.412782.a0000 0004 0609 4693Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- grid.412782.a0000 0004 0609 4693Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100 Punjab Pakistan ,grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XCentre for Applied and Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Allah Rakha
- grid.412956.d0000 0004 0609 0537Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600 Pakistan
| | - Sareen Akhtar
- grid.412956.d0000 0004 0609 0537Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600 Pakistan
| | | | - Wedad Saeed Al-Qahtani
- grid.472319.a0000 0001 0708 9739Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naïf Arab University of Security Sciences, Riyadh, 11452 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah Ahmed Safhi
- grid.449346.80000 0004 0501 7602Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sibte Hadi
- grid.472319.a0000 0001 0708 9739Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naïf Arab University of Security Sciences, Riyadh, 11452 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Atif Adnan
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China ,grid.472319.a0000 0001 0708 9739Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naïf Arab University of Security Sciences, Riyadh, 11452 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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18
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Nguyen NP, Kim L, Thariat J, Baumert BG, Mazibuko T, Gorobets O, Vinh-Hung V, Giap H, Mehmood T, Vincent F, Chi A, Basu T, Loganadane G, Mohammadianpanah M, Karlsson U, Oboite E, Oboite J, Ali A, Page BR. Immunotherapy and Modern Radiotherapy Technique for Older Patients with Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: A Proposed Paradigm by the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5285. [PMID: 36358703 PMCID: PMC9654379 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The standard of care for locally advanced head and neck cancer is concurrent chemoradiation or postoperative irradiation with or without chemotherapy. Surgery may not be an option for older patients (70 years old or above) due to multiple co-morbidities and frailty. Additionally, the standard chemotherapy of cisplatin may not be ideal for those patients due to oto- and nephrotoxicity. Though carboplatin is a reasonable alternative for cisplatin in patients with a pre-existing hearing deficit or renal dysfunction, its efficacy may be inferior to cisplatin for head and neck cancer. In addition, concurrent chemoradiation is frequently associated with grade 3-4 mucositis and hematologic toxicity leading to poor tolerance among older cancer patients. Thus, a new algorithm needs to be developed to provide optimal local control while minimizing toxicity for this vulnerable group of patients. Recently, immunotherapy with check point inhibitors (CPI) has attracted much attention due to the high prevalence of program death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in head and neck cancer. In patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer refractory to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, CPI has proven to be superior to conventional chemotherapy for salvage. Those with a high PD-L1 expression defined as 50% or above or a high tumor proportion score (TPS) may have an excellent response to CPI. This selected group of patients may be candidates for CPI combined with modern radiotherapy techniques, such as intensity-modulated image-guided radiotherapy (IM-IGRT), volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) or proton therapy if available, which allow for the sparing of critical structures, such as the salivary glands, oral cavity, cochlea, larynx and pharyngeal muscles, to improve the patients' quality of life. In addition, normal organs that are frequently sensitive to immunotherapy, such as the thyroid and lungs, are spared with modern radiotherapy techniques. In fit or carefully selected frail patients, a hypofractionated schedule may be considered to reduce the need for daily transportation. We propose a protocol combining CPI and modern radiotherapy techniques for older patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer who are not eligible for cisplatin-based chemotherapy and have a high TPS. Prospective studies should be performed to verify this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam P Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Lyndon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Brigitta G Baumert
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, 7000 Chur, Switzerland
| | - Thandeka Mazibuko
- International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Olena Gorobets
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique, 97213 Le Lamentin Martinique, France
| | - Vincent Vinh-Hung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de la Polynesie Francaise, 98716 Pirae, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Huan Giap
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton NN1 5BD, UK
| | - Felix Vincent
- Department of Surgery, Southern Regional Health System-Lawrenceburg, Lawrenceburg, TN 38464, USA
| | - Alexander Chi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Trinanjan Basu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, HCG Cancer Center Borivali, and HCG ICS, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400092, India
| | | | | | - Ulf Karlsson
- International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Eromosele Oboite
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Joan Oboite
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Brandi R Page
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21093, USA
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Mehmood T, Pichyangkura R, Muanprasat C. Chitosan Oligosaccharide Prevents Afatinib-Induced Barrier Disruption and Chloride Secretion through Modulation of AMPK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK Signaling in T84 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204255. [PMID: 36297833 PMCID: PMC9611671 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is an important adverse effect of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, especially afatinib. Novel antidiarrheal agents are needed to reduce epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor-associated diarrhea to improve the quality of life and treatment outcome in cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the anti-diarrheal activity of chitosan oligosaccharide against afatinib-induced barrier disruption and chloride secretion in human intestinal epithelial cells (T84 cells). Chitosan oligosaccharide (100 μg/mL) prevented afatinib-induced barrier disruption determined by changes in transepithelial electrical resistance and FITC-dextran flux in the T84 cell monolayers. In addition, chitosan oligosaccharide prevented afatinib-induced potentiation of cAMP-induced chloride secretion measured by short-circuit current analyses in the T84 cell monolayers. Chitosan oligosaccharide induced the activation of AMPK, a positive regulator of epithelial tight junction and a negative regulator of cAMP-induced chloride secretion. Moreover, chitosan oligosaccharide partially reversed afatinib-induced AKT inhibition without affecting afatinib-induced ERK inhibition via AMPK-independent mechanisms. Collectively, this study reveals that chitosan oligosaccharide prevents the afatinib-induced diarrheal activities in T84 cells via both AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent mechanisms. Chitosan oligosaccharide represents a promising natural polymer-derived compound for further development of treatment for afatinib-associated diarrheas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mehmood
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Khattak RH, Mehmood T, Teng L, Ahmad S, Rehman EU, Liu Z. Assessing human–Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflicts in Kumrat Valley—Western flanks of Hindu Kush Region, northern Pakistan. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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21
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Mehmood T, Ahmed A, Ahmad Z, Javed MS, Sharif HR, Shah FUH, Imran M, Abdelgawad MA, Murtaza S. Physicochemical Characteristics of Mixed Surfactant-Stabilized l-Ascorbic Acid Nanoemulsions during Storage. Langmuir 2022; 38:9500-9506. [PMID: 35900875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of l-ascorbic acid into food products is challenging for food industries due to its chemical instability. This study was conducted to develop a nanoemulsion-based effective colloidal system for the incorporation of l-ascorbic acid (LAA) in functional food products. l-ascorbic acid was encapsulated in nanoemulsions prepared through high-pressure homogenization. The physicochemical characteristics of mixed-surfactant-based LAA nanoemulsions were investigated during storage at different temperatures. The droplet size of LAA nanoemulsions after one month of storage varied in the range of 121.36-150.15 and 121.36-138.25 nm at 25 and 4 °C, respectively. These nanoemulsions remained stable against processing conditions such as heat treatments (10-70 °C), different salt concentrations (40-320 mM), change in pH (3-9), and four freeze-thaw cycles. The temperature and storage intervals have a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the retention of LAA in nanoemulsion-based delivery systems. The findings of this research work have important implications in the designing and preparation of an effective encapsulation system for the inclusion of l-ascorbic acid into functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mehmood
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Anwaar Ahmed
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sameem Javed
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakria University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Rizwan Sharif
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Chenab, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Faiz-Ul-Hassan Shah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Narowal, Narowal 51600, Pakistan
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Unit, King Fahed Medical Research Center, Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamas Murtaza
- Department of Food Science and Technology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
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22
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Alshanbari HM, Mehmood T, Sami W, Alturaiki W, Hamza MA, Alosaimi B. Prediction and Classification of COVID-19 Admissions to Intensive Care Units (ICU) Using Weighted Radial Kernel SVM Coupled with Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE). Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12071100. [PMID: 35888187 PMCID: PMC9318483 DOI: 10.3390/life12071100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare systems have been under immense pressure since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic; hence, studies on using machine learning (ML) methods for classifying ICU admissions and resource allocation are urgently needed. We investigated whether ML can propose a useful classification model for predicting the ICU admissions of COVID-19 patients. In this retrospective study, the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of 100 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 tests were retrieved between May 2020 and January 2021. Based on patients’ demographic and clinical data, we analyzed the capability of the proposed weighted radial kernel support vector machine (SVM), coupled with (RFE). The proposed method is compared with other reference methods such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and kernel-based SVM variants including the linear, polynomial, and radial kernels coupled with REF for predicting ICU admissions of COVID-19 patients. An initial performance assessment indicated that the SVM with weighted radial kernels coupled with REF outperformed the other classification methods in discriminating between ICU and non-ICU admissions in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, applying the Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) with weighted radial kernel SVM identified a significant set of variables that can predict and statistically distinguish ICU from non-ICU COVID-19 patients. The patients’ weight, PCR Ct Value, CCL19, INF-β, BLC, INR, PT, PTT, CKMB, HB, platelets, RBC, urea, creatinine and albumin results were found to be the significant predicting features. We believe that weighted radial kernel SVM can be used as an assisting ML approach to guide hospital decision makers in resource allocation and mobilization between intensive care and isolation units. We model the data retrospectively on a selected subset of patient-derived variables based on previous knowledge of ICU admission and this needs to be trained in order to forecast prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda M. Alshanbari
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Waqas Sami
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
- Azra Naheed Medical College, Superior University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Wael Alturaiki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mauawia A. Hamza
- Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia;
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alosaimi
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-11-288-9999 (ext. 26847)
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Ahmad HI, Iqbal A, Ijaz N, Ullah MI, Asif AR, Rahman A, Mehmood T, Haider G, Ahmed S, Mahmoud SF, Alghamdi FO, Al Amari HA, Simirgiotis MJ, Chen J. Molecular Evolution of the Activating Transcription Factors Shapes the Adaptive Cellular Responses to Oxidative Stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022; 2022:2153996. [PMID: 35873797 PMCID: PMC9300285 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2153996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential part in physiology of individual cell. ROS can cause damage to various biomolecules, including DNA. The systems that have developed to harness the impacts of ROS are antique evolutionary adaptations that are intricately linked to almost every aspect of cellular function. This research reveals the idea that during evolution, rather than being largely conserved, the molecular pathways reacting to oxidative stress have intrinsic flexibility. The coding sequences of the ATF2, ATF3, ATF4, and ATF6 genes were aligned to examine selection pressure on the genes, which were shown to be very highly conserved among vertebrate species. A total of 33 branches were explicitly evaluated for their capacity to diversify selection. After accounting for multiple testing, significance was determined using the likelihood ratio test with a threshold of p ≤ 0.05. Positive selection signs in these genes were detected across vertebrate lineages. In the selected test branches of our phylogeny, the synonymous rate variation revealed evidence (LRT, p value = 0.011 ≤ 0.05) of gene-wide episodic diversifying selection. As a result, there is evidence that diversifying selection occurred at least once on at least one test branch. These findings indicate that the activities of ROS-responsive systems are also theoretically flexible and may be altered by environmental selection pressure. By determining where the genes encoding these processes are "targeted" during evolution, we may better understand the mechanism of adaptation to oxidative stress during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asia Iqbal
- Department of Wild Life and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Ijaz
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Ullah
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Rasool Asif
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Haider
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Samy F. Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Othman Alghamdi
- National Center for Biotechnology King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Abdulrahman Al Amari
- National Center for Biotechnology King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mario Juan Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jinping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong, Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Khan S, Baqa HMN, Mahmood H, Farooq M, Samiullah K, Yasin R, Bashir MA, Rahman A, Mehmood T, Atta S, Alkhuriji AF. Toxicological Effects of Sewage Water on Chick Embryonic Development. Biomed Res Int 2022; 2022:6859798. [PMID: 35686235 PMCID: PMC9173917 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6859798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For toxicity research, a total of 100 fertilized nonincubated eggs were used for this study. There were two trials in this experiment which were further divided into 2 phases based on a different days of sewage water treatment and observation days. In each trial, 50 eggs were used and divided into 5 groups. Group A, B, and C were treated with three different concentrations of pure and diluted sewage water (100%, 70%, and 30%), respectively. Control group D was given 0.3 ml saline solution (0.9% NaCl) and group E was uninjected. Different parameters such as the embryo's body weight, body length, forelimb length, hindlimb length, and head diameter were determined. In trial 1, eggs were treated with sewage water on 7th day of incubation and opened on 8th day (phase I) and 9th day (phase II). When the trial 1 (phase I) findings were compared to the control groups, it was observed that body weight, body length, forelimb length, and hindlimb length were highly statistically significant differences (p < 0.01), but the head diameter was not significant (p > 0.05). Phase II result showed embryo's head diameter was a highly statistically significant difference (p < 0.01), whereas forelimb length was significant (p < 0.05), and body weight, body length, and hindlimb length were nonsignificant (p > 0.05). In trial 2, eggs were treated with sewage water on 14th day of incubation and opened on 15th day (phase I) and 16th day (phase II). Results of 15th day showed a highly statistically significant (p < 0.01) difference in hindlimb length, while body weight, body length, forelimb length, and head diameter were nonsignificant (p > 0.05). Phase II of trial 2 showed that on 16th day, body weight, body length, forelimb length, hindlimb length, and head diameter showed a nonsignificant (p > 0.05) difference between experimental and control groups. Embryos were observed to be deforming on the 9th day (after 48 hours of exposure to sewage water). Other phases showed no signs of deformation. Except on 8th day of incubation, dose-related mortalities were present in experimental groups, while the control group showed no mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khan
- Department of Zoology Faculty of Sciences Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Zoology Faculty of Sciences Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Khizar Samiullah
- Department of Zoology Faculty of Sciences Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Yasin
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, MNSUA, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Bashir
- Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore-53700, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sagheer Atta
- Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab, Pakistan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, USA
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Kshtriya V, Koshti B, Mehmood T, Singh R, Joshi KB, Bandyopadhyay S, Boukhvalov DW, Reddy JP, Gour N. A new aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE) dye which self-assembles to panchromatic fluorescent flowers and has application in sensing dichromate ions. Soft Matter 2022; 18:3019-3030. [PMID: 35355041 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00154c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report for the very first time the crystal structure and self-assembly of a new aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) dye 4-(5-methoxythiazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylaniline (TPA) and its application in sensing dichromate ions. TPA reveals cyan blue emission under UV and visible light. The self-assembly properties of TPA were studied extensively by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which revealed the formation of beautiful flower-like morphologies. These structures revealed both green and red fluorescence under FITC and rhodamine filters respectively when observed through fluorescence microscopy connoting the panchromatic emission properties of TPA from blue to red. The interactions which cause self-assembled structure formation in TPA were also validated theoretically using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Crystal and molecular structure analysis of TPA was carried out via single-crystal X-ray diffraction to visualize the intermolecular interactions occurring in the solid-state and to study the structure-photophysical property relationship in the aggregated state. The photophysical properties of TPA were also studied extensively by UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy and its quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime were calculated by time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC). Interestingly, TPA could efficiently sense dichromate (Cr2O72-) ions in an acidic medium and an interesting morphological transition from a fluorescent flower to non-fluorescent disassembled structures could also be observed. The limit of detection of TPA for Cr2O72- ions was found to be as low as 5.5 nM, suggesting its exceptional sensitivity. More importantly, TPA could selectively sense Cr2O72- ions in real water samples even in the presence of other metal ions routinely present in polluted water, hence making it practically useful for water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekshinh Kshtriya
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India.
| | - Bharti Koshti
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India.
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India.
| | - Ramesh Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - Khashti Ballabh Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - Sujoy Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India.
| | - Danil W Boukhvalov
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira Str. 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - J Prakasha Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India.
| | - Nidhi Gour
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India.
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Alshanbari HM, Sami W, Mehmood T, Aboud M, Alanazi T, A Hamza M, Brema I, Alosaimi B. Prediction of COVID-19 severity from clinical and biochemical markers: a single-center study from Saudi Arabia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:2592-2601. [PMID: 35442475 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202204_28497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is known that the severity of COVID-19 is linked to the prognosis of patients; therefore, an early identification is required for patients who are likely to develop severe or critical COVID-19 disease. The purpose of this study is to propose a statistical method for identifying the severity of COVID-19 disease by using clinical and biochemical laboratory markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 48 clinically and laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 were obtained from King Fahad Hospital, Medina (KFHM) between 27th April 2020 to 25th May 2020. The patients' demographics and severity of COVID-19 disease were assessed using 39 clinical and biochemical features. After excluding the demographics, 35 predicting features were included in the analysis (diabetes, chronic disease, viral and bacterial co-infections, PCR cycle number, ICU admission, clot formation, cardiac enzymes elevation, hematology profile, sugar levels in the blood, as well as liver and kidney tests, etc.). Logistic regression, stepwise logistic regression, L-2 logistic regression, L-2 stepwise logistic regression, and L-2 best subset logistic regression were applied to model the features. The consistency index was used with kernel Support-Vector Machines (SVM) for the identification of associated markers. RESULTS L-2 best subset logistic regression technique outperformed all other fitted models for modeling COVID-19 disease severity by achieving an accuracy of 88% over the test data. Consistency index over L-2 best subset logistic regression identified 14 associated markers that can best predict the COVID-19 severity among COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS By combining a variety of laboratory markers with L-2 best subset logistic regression, the current study has proposed a highly accurate and clinically interpretable model of predicting COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Alshanbari
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
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Hussain K, Lashari MH, Farooq U, Mehmood T. Deleterious Effects of Amoxicillin on Immune System and Haematobiochemical Parameters of a Rabbit. Biomed Res Int 2022; 2022:8691261. [PMID: 35372582 PMCID: PMC8967546 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8691261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study is aimed at evaluating the haematobiochemical and immune system alterations in rabbit's exposure to amoxicillin. Thirty-two healthy rabbits were randomly divided into four (n = 8) groups comprising of three experimental groups and one control group. After 7 days of the acclimatization period, the study animals were given different doses of amoxicillin orally (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days. The hematological results revealed that red blood cells, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) whereas white blood cells, neutrophils, and granulocyte exhibited a significantly increasing trend. Serum biochemical analysis showed a significantly increased concentration of HDL, LDL, serum globulin cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, creatine, and calcium while plasma fibrinogen, blood sugar, albumin, and total protein were decreased significantly. Furthermore, liver function enzymes such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and bilirubin significantly increased. Antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde concentrations (MDA) increased significantly while catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and peroxidase reduced significantly in antibiotic amoxicillin-treated groups as compared to the untreated control group (P < 0.05). Microscopic histopathological examination showed negative structural changes in liver, kidney, and heart tissues due to karyorrhexis; a disorganized hepatic cord in the liver; increased Bowman's space, necrotic renal tubules, and degenerative glomerulus in the kidney; and necrotic cardiac cells and cytoplasmic vacuolization in the heart, in antibiotic amoxicillin-treated rabbit groups as compared to the control group. In conclusion, amoxicillin induced stress and physiological and immunological impairments due to the adverse effects on haematobiochemical parameters and histopathological and tissue protein changes in target animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Hussain
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Umer Farooq
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700 Punjab, Pakistan
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Mehmood T, Tahir M, Zhi C. The aging behavior of microplastics manufactured from diverse polymers is predicted by the Johnsen index with regularized PLS. Chem Pap 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mahrye, Anwar F, Mehmood T, Qadir R, Riaz M. Phenolics profiling and biological activities of different solvent extracts from aerial parts of wild thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Food Measure 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Awan F, Ali MM, Afridi IQ, Kalsoom S, Firyal S, Nawaz S, Akhtar R, Iqbal A, Saeed S, Naseer R, Mehmood T, Luqman N, Ahmad H, Sadia H, Taseer MSA, Khan AR, Rafique N. Drinking water quality of various sources in Peshawar, Mardan, Kohat and Swat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e255755. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.255755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The present study involves the chemical and bacteriological analysis of water from different sources i.e., bore, wells, bottle, and tap, from Peshawar, Mardan, Swat and Kohat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. From each district, 50 water samples (10 samples from each source), regardless of urban and rural status, were collected from these sources and analysed for sulphates, nitrates, nitrites, chlorides, total soluble solids and coliforms (E. coli). Results indicated that majority of the water sources had unacceptable E. coli count i.e.> 34 CFU/100mL. E. coli positive samples were high in Mardan District, followed by Kohat, Swat and Peshawar district. Besides this, the some water sources were also chemically contaminated by different inorganic fertilizers (nitrates/nitrites of sodium, potassium) but under safe levels whereas agricultural and industrial wastes (chloride and sulphate compounds) were in unsafe range. Among all districts, the water quality was found comparatively more deteriorated in Kohat and Mardan districts than Peshawar and Swat districts. Such chemically and bacteriologically unfit water sources for drinking and can cause human health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Awan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M. M. Ali
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | - S. Kalsoom
- Virtual University of Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - S. Firyal
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S. Nawaz
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - R. Akhtar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A. Iqbal
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S. Saeed
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - R. Naseer
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - T. Mehmood
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - N. Luqman
- Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Pakistan
| | - H.M. Ahmad
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - H. Sadia
- Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | - A. R. Khan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - N. Rafique
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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Mehmood T, Fatima Z, Anwar F, Nadeem F, Sultan A, Tabassam Q, Iqbal M, Mustaqeem M, Khan S. Therapeutic potential and bioactive phenolics of locally grown Pakistani and Chinese varieties of ginger in relation to extraction solvents. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mehmood
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan; University of Sargodha, Pakistan; University of the Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mudassir Iqbal
- National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan
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Tabassam Q, Mehmood T, Ahmed S, Saeed S, Raza AR, Anwar F. GC-MS Metabolomics profiling and HR-APCI-MS characterization of potential anticancer compounds and antimicrobial activities of extracts from Picrorhiza kurroa roots. J Appl Biomed 2021; 19:26-39. [PMID: 34907713 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2020.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explores pharmacological potential and phytochemicals profiling of Picrorhiza kurroa extracts against mammalian cancer cell lines and pathogenic microbes. Bioactive extracts from roots of Picrorhiza kurroa were recovered in the methanol, 50% aqueous dichloromethane (50 : 50 v/v) and n-hexane. Antimicrobial activity of the bioactive extracts was assessed against selected strains of bacteria and pathogenic fungi. Aqueous dichloromethane extract showed highest zone of growth inhibition (39.06 ± 1.0 mm) towards Staphylococcus aureus bacteria while methanolic extract showed the lowest inhibition (6.3 ± 4.1 mm) to Escherichia coli bacteria. The tested extracts such as methanol and aqueous dichloromethane exhibited higher inhibition antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus compared to Fusarium oxysporum. As far as cytotoxicity (MTT assay) of the tested extracts is concerned, n-hexane and aqueous dichloromethane extracts were found to be very active against all cancer cell lines (breast cancer MCF7, MDA-MB-231, SKBR3 and ovarian cancer SKOV3). A preliminary phytochemicals profiling was performed in extracts using GC-MS. Several fractions of active extract were separated with HPLC and analyzed using High Resolution Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HR-APCI-MS). Two purified compounds (Dihydromikanolide and 1,3-Dicyclohexyl-4-(cyclohexylimino)-2-(cyclohexylethylamino)-3,4-dihydro-1,3-diazetium) were further evaluated for their anticancer activity against ovarian cancer cell line. Our findings depict that all the tested extracts showed considerable anticancer potential through cell viability assays. The purified compound 1 - Dihydromikanolide from methanolic extract was found to be active against ovarian cancer cells and can be explored as a promising nutra-pharmaceutical candidate against ovarian cancer. However, further studies exploring the molecular pathways and in vivo testing are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qudsia Tabassam
- University of Sargodha, Institute of Chemistry, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- University of Sargodha, Institute of Chemistry, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan.,University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-UVAS, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 54000-Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sibtain Ahmed
- University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shagufta Saeed
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-UVAS, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 54000-Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf Raza
- University of Sargodha, Institute of Chemistry, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Anwar
- University of Sargodha, Institute of Chemistry, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
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Mehmood T, Turk AM. Variable selection of spectroscopic data through monitoring both location and dispersion of PLS loading weights. J Korean Stat Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42952-020-00098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bilal M, Mehmood T, Nadeem F, Barbosa AM, de Souza RL, Pompeu GB, Meer B, Ferreira LFR, Iqbal HMN. Enzyme-Assisted Transformation of Lignin-Based Food Bio-residues into High-Value Products with a Zero-Waste Theme: A Review. Waste Biomass Valor 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12649-021-01618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Mehmood T. Optimisation of food grade mixed surfactant-based l-ascorbic acid nanoemulsions using response surface methodology. IET Nanobiotechnol 2021; 15:309-317. [PMID: 34694664 PMCID: PMC8675843 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Co‐surfactant free l‐ascorbic acid (LAA) nanoemulsions were prepared using mixed surfactants (Soya lecithin and Tween 80). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise the emulsifying conditions for LAA nanoemulsions. The effects of water proportion (6%–14% w/w), homogenisation pressure (80–160 MPa), surfactant concentrations (4%–12% w/w) and laa concentration (0.5–1.3 w/w) on responses (size of droplets and nanoemulsion stability) were investigated. RSM results showed that the values of responses can be successfully predicted through second‐order polynomial model. The coefficients of determinations for droplet size and nanoemulsion stability were 0.9375 and 0.9027, respectively. The optimum preparation conditions for l‐LAA nanoemulsion were 9.04% water proportion, 114.48 MPa homogenisation pressure, 7.36% surfactant concentration and 1.09% LAA concentration. At the end of one month storage study, the retention of LAA in optimised nanoemulsions stored at 4°C and 25°C were 74.4% and 66.7%, respectively. These results may provide valuable contributions for food and pharmaceutical industry to develop delivery system for food additives and nutraceutical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mehmood
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Mehmood T, Iqbal M, Rafique B. Using least angular regression to model the antibacterial potential of metronidazole complexes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19295. [PMID: 34588489 PMCID: PMC8481541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazole has anti-inflammatory, antituberculotic, antimicrobial, antimycotic, antiviral, and antitumor properties in the human body, to name a few. Metronidazole [1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole] is a widely used antiprotozoan and antibacterial medication. Using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the current study models the antibacterial activity of already synthesised Metronidazole (MTZ) complexes (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$MTZ-Ag-Cl_2CHCOOH$$\end{document}MTZ-Ag-Cl2CHCOOH) against E. coli, B. bronceptica, S. epidermidis, B. pumilus and S. aureus. To characterise the Metronidazole complexes for antibacterial activity against 05 microbes, the least angular regression and least absolute shrinkage selection operators were used. Asymmetric Least Squares was used to correct the spectrum baseline. Least angular regression outperforms cross-validated root mean square error in the fitted models. Using Least angular regression, influential wavelengths that explain the variation in antibacterial activity of Metronidazole complexes were identified and mapped against functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mehmood
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Mudassir Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Rafique
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Saeed S, Ur Rehman Baig U, Tayyab M, Altaf I, Irfan M, Raza SQ, Nadeem F, Mehmood T. Valorization of banana peels waste into biovanillin and optimization of process parameters using submerged fermentation. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Arshad U, Ahmed S, Shafiq N, Ahmad Z, Hassan A, Akhtar N, Parveen S, Mehmood T. Structure-Based Designing, Solvent Less Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate Derivatives: A Combined In Vitro and In Silico Screening Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154424. [PMID: 34361577 PMCID: PMC8348070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In this study, small molecules possessing tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized having halogenated benzyl derivatives and carboxylate linkage. As previously reported, FDA approved halogenated pyrimidine derivatives prompted us to synthesize novel compounds in order to evaluate their biological potential. Methodology: Eight pyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized from ethyl acetoacetate, secondary amine, aromatic benzaldehyde by adding catalytic amount of CuCl2·2H2O via solvent less Grindstone multicomponent reagent method. Molecular structure reactivity and virtual screening were performed to check their biological efficacy as an anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic agent. These studies were supported by in vitro analysis and QSAR studies. Results: After combined experimental and virtual screening 5c, 5g and 5e could serve as lead compounds, having low IC50 and high binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (U.A.); (A.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Sibtain Ahmed
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence: (S.A.); or (N.S.)
| | - Nusrat Shafiq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (U.A.); (A.H.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.); or (N.S.)
| | - Zaheer Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wah, Rawalpindi 47000, Pakistan;
| | - Aqsa Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (U.A.); (A.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Naseem Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur 63000, Pakistan;
| | - Shagufta Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (U.A.); (A.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
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Abstract
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), coming under the realm of coordination chemistry, are unparalleled and the most studied among the group of porous materials. Structurally, these are well-defined three-dimensional crystalline products that can be tuned for various potential applications with a range of physico-chemical properties. More recently, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and AIE of MOF material has attracted tremendous attention due to promising applications in biology. However, a chapter summarizing the work in AIE-MOFs materials has never been reported till date. A comprehensive review on the AIE and MOFs separately is beyond the reach of this chapter. Hence, we have summarized overview of recent developments in the syntheses and biological applications such as cell imaging, heparin detection, and drug delivery. In the end, conclusion, prospects and challenges in the arena of AIE-MOF materials are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Gujarat, India
| | - J Prakasha Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Gujarat, India.
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Waheed K, Azra N, Iqbal M, Mehmood T. Diglycolamide Based Mono and Di-Ionic Liquids Having Imidazolium Cation for Effective Extraction and Separation of Pb(II) and Co(II). RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621070147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Mehmood T, Bhosale RS, Reddy JP. Bis(2-methyl-pyridinium) tetra-chlorido-cuprate(II): synthesis, structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:726-729. [PMID: 34513019 PMCID: PMC8382058 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021006277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The title compound, (C6H8N)2[CuCl4], crystallizes in the monoclinic space group I2/c. The coordination around the copper atom is a distorted tetra-hedron. The 2-methyl-pyridinium ion (C6H8N+) inter-acts with the tetra-chloro-cuprate anion through N-H⋯Cl and C-H(phen-yl)⋯Cl contacts, forming a hydrogen-bonded layer-like structure. The supra-molecular structure is further stabilized by C-H(meth-yl)⋯Cl inter-actions between the layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Gujarat, 382740, India
| | - Rajesh S. Bhosale
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Gujarat, 382740, India
| | - J. Prakasha Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Gujarat, 382740, India
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Alabdulwahhab KM, Sami W, Mehmood T, Meo SA, Alasbali TA, Alwadani FA. Automated detection of diabetic retinopathy using machine learning classifiers. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:583-590. [PMID: 33577010 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202101_24615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a highly threatening microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients must be screened annually for DR; however, it is practically not viable due to the high volume of patients, lack of resources, economic burden, and cost of the screening procedure. The use of machine learning (ML) classifiers in medical science is an emerging frontier and can help in assisted diagnosis. The few available proposed models perform best when used in similar population cohorts and their external validation has been questioned. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to classify the DR using different ML methods on Saudi diabetic data, propose the best method based on accuracy and identify the most discriminative interpretable features using the socio-demographic and clinical information. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 327 diabetic patients in Almajmaah, Saudi Arabia. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a systematic random sampling technique. For DR classification, ML algorithm including, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, K nearest neighbor, random forest and its variate ranger random forest classifiers were used through cross-validation resampling procedure. RESULTS In classifying DR, ranger random forest outperforms the other methods by accurately classifying 86% of the DR patients on the test data. HbA1c (p<0.001) and duration of diabetes (p<0.001) were the most influential risk factor that best discriminated the DR patients. Other influential risk factors were the body mass index (p<0.001), age-onset (p<0.001), age (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (p<0.05), and the use of medication (p<0.05) that significantly discriminated the DR patients. CONCLUSIONS Based on the present study findings, integrating ophthalmology and ML can transform diagnosing the disease pattern that can help generate a compelling clinical effect. ML can be used as an added tool for clinical decision-making and must not be the sole substitute for a clinician. We will work to examine the classification performance of multi-class data using more sophisticated ML methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Alabdulwahhab
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Saudi Arabia.
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Mehmood T, Kousar K, Arshad H, Iqbal M, Zeshan. Effect of Solvents on Extraction of Bioactive Substances from CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS and Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiglycation Activities. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Khattak RH, Teng L, Mehmood T, Rehman EU, Zhang Z, Liu Z. Hostile Interactions of Punjab Urial ( Ovis vignei punjabiensis) towards Indian Gazelle ( Gazella bennettii) during Feeding Sessions in Captive Breeding Settings. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051274. [PMID: 33925204 PMCID: PMC8145856 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple factors, both natural and anthropogenic, are driving most of the wild species to the verge of extinction across the globe. In order to conserve these threatened species, various conservation interventions and strategies are adopted, among which is re-introduction of captive stocks of species into the wild habitats where they vanished from. Captive breeding is one of the promising tools for endangered species preservation. Providing social enrichment to the captive stocks is an important step in the management, in particular for stocks, which are aimed for re-introduction. The subject species of this study, i.e., Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) and Indian gazelle (Gazella bennettii) are being reared in captivity with the aim of re-introduction. As there is scarcity of information regarding the behavioral aspects of captive species, especially ungulates, this study aimed at understanding the dynamics of their interactions. The current study reported that Punjab urial, being the dominant species, exerts itself on the submissive and subordinate species, the Indian gazelle. This negative interference can possibly lead to negative ramifications in the form of stress and injuries in the short term, while negative effects on population growth in the long term. Thus, this study recommends separate rearing of these species to eliminate the hazardous competition between them. Abstract Natural wildlife habitats are regularly subjected to anthropogenic pressures for different purposes, which are heading the biodiversity towards drastic decline. Several endangered wild species are raised in captivity with the aim of re-introduction. In some instances, mixed herds’ rearing approach in captivity is adopted for providing social enrichment to captive stocks; however, the impacts of species on each other are least documented. We tested our prediction that keeping mixed herds of captive wild sheep and antelopes provides adequate social enrichment to the captive stocks: if interspecific interactions are balanced. In the current study, we studied the interspecific competition between mixed herds of captive Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) and Indian gazelle (Gazella bennettii) at Manglot Wildlife Park, Nowshera District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. We documented the negative effects of behavioural interference by Punjab urial on the feeding behaviour of Indian gazelle. The outcome of the current study revealed that Punjab urial are highly intolerant towards Indian gazelle, with high interference during feeding. Out of the total aggressive events, 77% (N = 1259) of events ended up with win/loss, in which Punjab urial dominated the Indian gazelle 3.5 times. Moreover, lopsided dominance by Punjab urial resulted in increased intraspecific competition among Indian gazelle (p < 0.001). Current study divulged Indian gazelle to be the subordinate species, with less intake of food. Instead of providing social enrichment by heterospecifics, the Punjab urial is negatively affecting the Indian gazelle, therefore, the results of our study discourage the practice of admix captive breeding for wild sheep and antelopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romaan Hayat Khattak
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (R.H.K.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Liwei Teng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (R.H.K.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Zhirong Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (R.H.K.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (R.H.K.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (Z.L.)
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Abstract
Utilization of β-carotene in functional food products is limited due to chemical instability, lower water-solubility, and higher melting point. The present research was designed to formulate a nanoemulsion system for the effective delivery of β-carotene. β-Carotene was successfully incorporated into nanoemulsions using the ultrasonication method. During 60 days of storage, the droplet size of β-carotene-containing nanoemulsions varied from 112.36 to 133.9 nm at 4 °C and from 112.36 to 147.1 nm at 25 °C. The oxidation stability of olive oil was remarkably increased when incorporated into nanoemulsions. β-Carotene nanoemulsions remained stable under varying ionic strengths (50-400 mM), pH values (2-8), and freeze-thaw cycles (four). The values of turbidity and total color difference increased over time and at a higher temperature. Degradation of β-carotene was substantially slower in nanoemulsions, and the addition of antioxidants significantly increased the retention of β-carotene in nanoemulsions. These findings suggest that the ultrasonic homogenization method has potential for the preparation of β-carotene nanoemulsions with desirable properties. These nanoemulsions can be effectively used for the incorporation of β-carotene in the food and beverage industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mehmood
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Anwaar Ahmed
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Design, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Mehmood T, Ramzan M, Howari F, Kadry S, Chu YM. Application of response surface methodology on the nanofluid flow over a rotating disk with autocatalytic chemical reaction and entropy generation optimization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4021. [PMID: 33597601 PMCID: PMC7890068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of nanofluids is of fundamental significance in the cooling process of small electronic devices including microchips and other associated gadgets in microfluidics. With such astounding applications of nanofluids in mind, it is intended to examine the flow of magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid comprising a novel combination of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and engine oil over a stretched rotating disk. The concentration equation is modified by considering the autocatalytic chemical reaction. The succor of the bvp4c numerical technique amalgamated with the response surface methodology is secured for the solution of a highly nonlinear system of equations. The sensitivity analysis is performed using a response surface methodology. The significant impacts of the prominent arising parameters versus involved fields are investigated through graphical illustrations. It is observed that the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are positively sensitive to nanoparticle volume fraction while it is positively sensitive to the suction parameter. It is negatively sensitive to the Magnetic parameter. The skin friction coefficient is negatively sensitive to all input parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mehmood
- grid.412117.00000 0001 2234 2376School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ramzan
- grid.444787.c0000 0004 0607 2662Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan ,grid.263333.40000 0001 0727 6358Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747 Korea
| | - Fares Howari
- grid.444464.20000 0001 0650 0848College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, 144543 Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Seifedine Kadry
- grid.18112.3b0000 0000 9884 2169Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, 115020 Lebanon
| | - Yu-Ming Chu
- grid.411440.40000 0001 0238 8414Department of Mathematics, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000 People’s Republic of China ,grid.440669.90000 0001 0703 2206Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and Analysis in Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114 People’s Republic of China
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Bilal M, Fernandes CD, Mehmood T, Nadeem F, Tabassam Q, Ferreira LFR. Immobilized lipases-based nano-biocatalytic systems - A versatile platform with incredible biotechnological potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:108-122. [PMID: 33548312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipases belong to α/β hydrolases that cause hydrolytic catalysis of triacylglycerols to release monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, and glycerol with free fatty acids. Lipases have a common active site that contains three amino acid residues in a conserved Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly motif: a nucleophilic serine residue, an acidic aspartic or glutamic acid residue, and a basic histidine residue. Lipase plays a significant role in numerous industrial and biotechnological processes, including paper, food, oleochemical and pharmaceutical applications. However, its instability and aqueous solubility make application expensive and relatively challenging. Immobilization has been considered as a promising approach to improve enzyme stability, reusability, and survival under extreme temperature and pH environments. Innumerable supporting material in the form of natural polymers and nanostructured materials is a crucial aspect in the procedure of lipase immobilization used to afford biocompatibility, stability in physio-chemical belongings, and profuse binding positions for enzymes. This review outlines the unique structural and functional properties of a large number of polymers and nanomaterials as robust support matrices for lipase immobilization. Given these supporting materials, the applications of immobilized lipases in different industries, such as biodiesel production, polymer synthesis, additives, detergent, textile, and food industry are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Clara Dourado Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Waste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Fareeha Nadeem
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Qudsia Tabassam
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 4010, Pakistan
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Waste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
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Riaz M, Nawaz S, Ilyas I, Rehman MMU, Qadir R, Mehmood T, Afzal M, Abdul Rehman N, Ali A. Evaluation of antidiabetic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potential of maize (zea mays l.) husk leaf extracts. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2021; 67:165-170. [PMID: 34817351 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2021.67.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In current study, Maize (Zea mays L.) husk leave extracts were appraised for biological activities such as cytotoxicity, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antimicrobial. Maceration was performed to collect various fractions of husk leave extracts using a pool of solvents i.e., n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and methanol. Antioxidant potential was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, reducing power and linoleic acid oxidation assay, using butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) as a positive control. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be 18.47-425.11 mg/100 g GAE and 5.83-16.72 mg/100 g CE, respectively. The DPPH scavenging assay was exhibited in the range of 76.36 to 88.53%. The percentage inhibition in linoleic acid oxidation was found from 10.16 to 79.51%. Significant antimicrobial activity was demonstrated by husk leaf extracts against bacterial strains and fungal strains using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Amylase alpha assay was employed to analyze the antidiabetic activity which ranged between 9.52-24.81%. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by % age lysis (0.35-9.54%), while thrombolytic activity ranged between 7.67 to 31.27%. The results presented in this study revealed that maize (Zea mays L.) husk leaf extracts can be a valuable source of biologically active compounds and may be consumed as a source of potent herbal medicine in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan.
| | - Sadia Nawaz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Iqra Ilyas
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan.
| | | | - Rahman Qadir
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | - Abid Ali
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore-Gujrat campus, Gujrat.
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Tabassam Q, Ahmed S, Mehmood T, Iqbal M, Saeed S, Ahmad MM, Sultan A, Rehman MMU, Qadir R, Ullah A, Abdul Rehman N. Phytochemical investigation and effective therapeutic potential of plants extracts against breast and ovarian cancer cell lines: compounds from zizyphus mauritiana and triticum aestivum. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2021; 67:147-152. [PMID: 34817354 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2021.67.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
ancer is the leading cause of death, accounting for approximately one out of six people dying with this disease worldwide. Among all, the breast and ovarian cancers are top-ranked causes of women mortalities compared to other disorders. Although, there is advancement in technologies, but still, there are unresolved concerns to overcome the global disease burden. Currently, plants are being explored as a natural remedy to cure disorders. This research was planned to explore phytochemicals in methanolic extracts of Zizyphus mauritiana and Triticum aestivum, and their pharmacological activities were studied through Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria, in vitro breast cancer cell line and ovarian cancer cell line to find out novel candidates in disease control and prevention. Eleven different types of bioactive compounds were analysed in the tested extracts. The highest crude extracts percentage (75±0.02) was observed with Z. mauritiana. The extracts showed promising cell growth inhibition and tumor initiation inhibition in potato disc assay. MTT assay and Incucytes imaging analysis revealed that Z. mauritiana extract had a higher anticancer potential with 40 ± 0.92 cell viability against breast cancer cells (SKBR3) and 45 ±0.29 against ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3). In conclusion, these extracts could be used as chemotherapeutics owing to their cheapness, and easy availability. While detailed study is required for further purification and characterization of bioactives/target compounds and in-vivo activity confirmations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qudsia Tabassam
- Institiute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100-, Pakistan.
| | - Sibtain Ahmed
- University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Institiute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100-, Pakistan.
| | - Mudassir Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shagufta Saeed
- University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | | | - Ayesha Sultan
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | - Rahman Qadir
- Institiute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100-, Pakistan.
| | - Azmat Ullah
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-54000, Pakistan.
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Rehman EU, Din JU, Ahmad S, Hameed S, Shah KA, Mehmood T, Nawaz MA. Insight into occupancy determinants and conflict dynamics of grey wolf (Canis lupus) in the dry temperate zone of Hindukush Range. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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