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Omar AE, El-Rahman GIA, Gouda A, Abdel-Warith AWA, Younis EM, Abdo SA, Eltanahy A, Kamal AS, Davies SJ, Amer SA. Effects of Dietary Microbial Muramidase on the Growth, Liver Histoarchitecture, Antioxidant Status, and Immunoexpression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3862. [PMID: 38136899 PMCID: PMC10740586 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of microbial muramidase (MMUR) addition to broiler chicken rations was evaluated through growth parameters, liver histoarchitecture, antioxidant status, biochemical analysis, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines for 35 days. Four hundred three-day-old chicks (97.68 ± 0.59 g) were distributed to four distinct groups with ten duplicates each (100 chicks/group) consisting of: group 1 (G1): a basal diet without MMUR (control group); G2: a basal diet + 200 mg MMUR kg-1 G3: a basal diet + 400 mg MMUR kg-1; and G4: a basal diet + 600 mg MMUR kg-1. The results showed that the final body weight and total weight gain were increased (p = 0.015) in birds fed with diets supplemented with MMUR at 600 mg kg-1. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved in all treatment groups compared with the control group. Birds fed with a diet supplemented with 600 mg MMUR kg-1 showed the highest body weight gain and improved FCR. The values of thyroxin hormones and growth hormones were increased in all MMUR-supplemented groups. Dietary MMUR increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (total antioxidant activity, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and decreased the activity of malondialdehyde (p < 0.05). In addition, it increased the values of interleukin 1 beta and interferon-gamma compared with the control group. Furthermore, dietary MMUR increased the expression of transforming growth factor-beta immunostaining in the liver and spleen tissues. Our results show that supplementing broilers' diets with 600 mg MMUR kg-1 could enhance the chicken growth rate and improve their antioxidant, inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaam E. Omar
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ghada I. Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gouda
- Animal Production Department, Agricultural & Biological Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 11865, Egypt
| | | | - Elsayed M. Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar A. Abdo
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Azhar Eltanahy
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Said Kamal
- Department of Birds and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Simon J. Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91V8Y1 Galway, Ireland
| | - Shimaa A. Amer
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Lessard PA, Li X, Broomhead JN, Parker MH, Bailey C, Raab RM. Properties of corn-expressed carbohydrase AC1 in swine diets and its effects on apparent ileal digestibility, performance, hematology, and serum chemistry. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07696. [PMID: 34401579 PMCID: PMC8350540 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrases are often incorporated into livestock feed as digestive aids to improve animal performance. AC1 is a thermostable carbohydrase with β-1,4-glucanase, endo-cellulase, and cellobiohydrolase activity. AC1 has been expressed in corn, where it accumulates in the grain for easy inclusion in animal diets. Incorporating the enzyme in high-fiber diets (corn-soy supplemented with distiller's dry grains with solubles) that were fed to 5-week-old pigs led to a trend of decreasing viscosity of the digesta as the dose of the enzyme increased (P = 0.092). AC1 also tended to increase the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.076). When fed diets containing 2126 U/kg AC1, pigs experienced no adverse effects in terms of performance metrics (body weights, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio), hematology, blood chemistry or general health when compared to pigs fed a control diet that lacked AC1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuemei Li
- Agrivida, Inc., 78E Olympia Avenue, Woburn, MA, USA
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Larsen IS, Jensen BAH, Bonazzi E, Choi BSY, Kristensen NN, Schmidt EGW, Süenderhauf A, Morin L, Olsen PB, Hansen LBS, Schröder T, Sina C, Chassaing B, Marette A. Fungal lysozyme leverages the gut microbiota to curb DSS-induced colitis. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1988836. [PMID: 34693864 PMCID: PMC8547870 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1988836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colitis is characterized by colonic inflammation and impaired gut health. Both features aggravate obesity and insulin resistance. Host defense peptides (HDPs) are key regulators of gut homeostasis and generally malfunctioning in above-mentioned conditions. We aimed here to improve bowel function in diet-induced obesity and chemically induced colitis through daily oral administration of lysozyme, a well-characterized HDP, derived from Acremonium alcalophilum.C57BL6/J mice were fed either low-fat reference diet or HFD ± daily gavage of lysozyme for 12 weeks, followed by metabolic assessment and evaluation of colonic microbiota encroachment. To further evaluate the efficacy of intestinal inflammation, we next supplemented chow-fed BALB/c mice with lysozyme during Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in either conventional or microbiota-depleted mice. We assessed longitudinal microbiome alterations by 16S amplicon sequencing in both models.Lysozyme dose-dependently alleviated intestinal inflammation in DSS-challenged mice and further protected against HFD-induced microbiota encroachment and fasting hyperinsulinemia. Observed improvements of intestinal health relied on a complex gut flora, with the observation that microbiota depletion abrogated lysozyme's capacity to mitigate DSS-induced colitis.Akkermansia muciniphila associated with impaired gut health in both models, a trajectory that was mitigated by lysozyme administration. In agreement with this notion, PICRUSt2 analysis revealed specific pathways consistently affected by lysozyme administration, independent of vivarium, disease model and mouse strain.Taking together, lysozyme leveraged the gut microbiota to curb DSS-induced inflammation, alleviated HFD-induced gastrointestinal disturbances and lowered fasting insulin levels in obese mice. Collectively, these data present A. alcalophilum-derived lysozyme as a promising candidate to enhance gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Søgaard Larsen
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Iucpq), Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin A. H. Jensen
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Iucpq), Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erica Bonazzi
- Inserm U1016, Team “Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases”, Université De Paris, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice S. Y. Choi
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Iucpq), Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Annika Süenderhauf
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Laurence Morin
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Iucpq), Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Torsten Schröder
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Benoît Chassaing
- Inserm U1016, Team “Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases”, Université De Paris, Paris, France
| | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Iucpq), Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada
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