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Wairimu NW, Wairagu P, Chepukosi KW, Obiero GF, Okanya PW, Isaac AO, Nyariki JN. Sodium Metabisulfite-Induced Hematotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Organ Damage Ameliorated by Standardized Ginkgo biloba in Mice. J Toxicol 2023; 2023:7058016. [PMID: 37854041 PMCID: PMC10581848 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7058016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium metabisulfite (SMB) is a biocide and antioxidant agent generally used as a preservative in food and beverage industries but can oxidize to harmful sulfite radicals. A standardized Ginkgo biloba (EGb-761) has demonstrated potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which is beneficial for the treatment of diseases that exhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study sought to investigate the putative ameliorative effects of EGb-761 against SMB-induced toxicity in mice. Thirty-two male Swiss white mice were randomized into control, SMB-treated, SMB + EGb-761-treated, and EGb-761-treated groups. EGb-761 (100 mg/kg/day) and SMB (98 mg/kg/day) were administered by gastric gavage for 40 days. Oral administration of EGb-761 restored SMB-induced decrease in body weight and prevented SMB-induced thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and anemia. Furthermore, EGb-761-treatment protected against SMB-induced liver and kidney injury depicted by decreased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, and albumin. Furthermore, EGb-761 treatment attenuated SMB-driven dyslipidemia and metabolic acidosis. Besides, EGb-761 supplementation abrogated SMB-driven oxidative stress as depicted by stabilized reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the brain, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and lungs. SMB induced a significant increase of tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), serum nitric oxide (NO), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) which were abrogated by EGb-761 treatment. In conclusion, these results deepen our understanding of EGb-761 in light of various detrimental effects of SMB-driven toxicities. These findings provide a novel approach that can be optimized for preventing or treating exposure due to SMB toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Wambui Wairimu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Peninah Wairagu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Kennedy W. Chepukosi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - George F. Obiero
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Patrick W. Okanya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - James Nyabuga Nyariki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
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Kitwan L, Makobe C, Mdachi R, Maranga DN, Isaac AO, Nyariki JN. Coenzyme Q 10 prevented Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense-mediated breach of the blood brain barrier, inflammation and organ damage in late stage of Human African Trypanosomiasis. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:167-184. [PMID: 36910316 PMCID: PMC9998817 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
During the late stage of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), there is severe cytokine-driven inflammation, oxidative stress and organ damage. Controlling inflammation and oxidative damage presents unique therapeutic opportunities to improve treatment outcome. The current study sought to determine the putative impact of Coenzyme-Q10 (Co-Q10), a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, on adverse inflammatory and oxidative events during Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r) infection. Group one constituted the control; the second group was infected with T.b.r; the third group was orally administered with 200 mg/kg Co-Q10 for two weeks; thereafter, Co-Q10 administration continued after infection with T.b.r. Co-Q10 improved the survival rate of infected mice and prevented full blown parasite driven splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Co-Q10 prevented characteristic T.b.r-driven breach of the blood brain barrier and improved neurological integrity among T.b.r infected mice. Co-Q10 protected from T.b.r-induced microcytic hypochromic anaemia and thrombocytopenia. T.b.r-induced oxidative stress in the vital organs was assuaged following exposure to Co-Q10. Co-Q10 blocked T.b.r-induced derangement of high density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels. Co-Q10 significantly abrogated T.b.r-driven elevation of serum TNF-α and IFN-γ levels. Moreover, T.b.r-induced kidney and liver damage was assuaged by Co-Q10 administration. Co-Q10 administration downregulated T.b.r-induced elevation of uric acid and C-reactive protein. Likewise, T.b.r infected mice receiving Co-Q10 exhibited normal brain architecture. In conclusion, treatment with Co-Q10 may be useful in protecting against T.b.r-mediated organ injury, lethal inflammation and oxidative stress commonly present in severe late stage HAT; and presents unique opportunities for an adjunct therapy for late stage HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Kitwan
- Department of Medical Microbiology Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Celestine Makobe
- Department of Medical Microbiology Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Raymond Mdachi
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Kenya
| | | | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Nyabuga Nyariki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
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Shikole E, Gjorgoski I, Glavas Dodov M, Kocheva N, Trojachanec J, Zafirov D. The effect of Coenzyme Q10 in Cisplatin induced myelosuppression in rats. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2022. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.03.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Shikole
- Institute for Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology with Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 50th Divizija No. 6, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Icko Gjorgoski
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Arhimedova St. 5, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Marija Glavas Dodov
- Center of Pharmaceutical nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nedica Kocheva
- Center of Pharmaceutical nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Jasmina Trojachanec
- Institute for Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology with Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 50th Divizija No. 6, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Dimche Zafirov
- Institute for Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology with Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 50th Divizija No. 6, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
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Zhao S, Wu W, Liao J, Zhang X, Shen M, Li X, Lin Q, Cao C. Molecular mechanisms underlying the renal protective effects of coenzyme Q10 in acute kidney injury. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:57. [PMID: 35869439 PMCID: PMC9308331 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an endogenous antioxidant, has been reported frequently to exert an outstanding protective effect on multiple organ injury, including acute kidney injury (AKI). In this study, we aim to summarize all the current evidence of the protective action of CoQ10 against AKI as there are presently no relevant reviews in the literature. After a systematic search, 20 eligible studies, either clinical trials or experimental studies, were included and further reviewed. CoQ10 treatment exhibited a potent renal protective effect on various types of AKI, such as AKI induced by drugs (e.g., ochratoxin A, cisplatin, gentamicin, L-NAME, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug), extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), sepsis, contrast media, and ischemia–reperfusion injury. The renal protective role of CoQ10 against AKI might be mediated by the antiperoxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory potential of CoQ10. The molecular mechanisms for the protective effects of CoQ10 might be attributed to the regulation of multiple essential genes (e.g., caspase-3, p53, and PON1) and signaling cascades (e.g., Nrf2/HO-1 pathway). This review highlights that CoQ10 may be a potential strategy in the treatment of AKI.
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Ngatuni D, Wairagu P, Jillani N, Isaac AO, Nyariki JN. A glyphosate-based herbicide disrupted hematopoiesis and induced organ toxicities, ameliorated by vitamin B12 in a mouse model. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103278. [PMID: 35401022 PMCID: PMC8987997 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are widely used worldwide. Their negative impact on human health is a matter of debate by regulatory bodies and the public. The present study sought to determine the impact of a GBH on the vital organs; and the potential protective effects of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) supplementation. Sixty white Swiss mice were randomly assigned to five treatment groups, each containing twelve mice. Group one represented the normal control; Group two mice were treated with 375 mg/kg of GBH for 56 days; Group three mice received 10 mg/kg of cyanocobalamin for 56 days; Group four mice were administered with 375 mg/kg of GBH and 10 mg/kg cyanocobalamin for 56 days and Group five received 10 mg/kg cyanocobalamin first for 7 days, then continued thereafter co-administered together with 375 mg/kg of GBH for 56 days). Oral administration of GBH induced severe anemia in mice, which was attenuated by cyanocobalamin. Moreover, GBH resulted in a very significant alteration of platelets, WBCs, and its sub-types. Once again, cyanocobalamin stabilized the levels of platelets and WBCs in the presence of GBH. GBH-induced elevation of triglycerides and HDL was nullified by the administration of cyanocobalamin. Further studies showed evidence for GBH-induced inflammation represented by an imbalance in serum levels of the TNF-α: IL-10 and IFN-γ ratios. The GBH severely depleted GSH levels in the liver. A GBH-induced rise in GSH in the kidney, lungs and brain was noted; and is an indicator of antioxidant capacity enhancement in response to a GBH-induced oxidant challenge. Moreover, cyanocobalamin supplementation abrogated GBH-induced oxidative stress as depicted by stabilized GSH levels in the liver, kidney, lungs, and brain. In the presence of cyanocobalamin, the GBH-induced liver injury depicted by elevation of AST, ALT, and bilirubin, was attenuated. From the results, we conclude that the capacity of cyanocobalamin to assuage GBH-induced inflammatory responses, hepatotoxicity, and hematological alteration as well as oxidative stress may be attributable to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The current findings provide a solid foundation for further scrutiny of this phenomenon, with vital implications in GBH exposure and the role of potent antioxidant supplementation in the management of GBH-induced toxicity.
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Mwaeni VK, Nyariki JN, Jillani N, Omwenga G, Ngugi M, Isaac AO. Coenzyme Q 10 protected against arsenite and enhanced the capacity of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid to ameliorate arsenite-induced toxicity in mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:19. [PMID: 33827703 PMCID: PMC8028750 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic poisoning affects millions of people. The inorganic forms of arsenic are more toxic. Treatment for arsenic poisoning relies on chelation of extracellularly circulating arsenic molecules by 2,3-dimecaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). As a pharmacological intervention, DMSA is unable to chelate arsenic molecules from intracellular spaces. The consequence is continued toxicity and cell damage in the presence of DMSA. A two-pronged approach that removes extracellular arsenic, while protecting from the intracellular arsenic would provide a better pharmacotherapeutic outcome. In this study, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which has been shown to protect from intracellular organic arsenic, was administered separately or with DMSA; following oral exposure to sodium meta-arsenite (NaAsO2) - a very toxic trivalent form of inorganic arsenic. The aim was to determine if CoQ10 alone or when co-administered with DMSA would nullify arsenite-induced toxicity in mice. METHODS Group one represented the control; the second group was treated with NaAsO2 (15 mg/kg) daily for 30 days, the third, fourth and fifth groups of mice were given NaAsO2 and treated with 200 mg/kg CoQ10 (30 days) and 50 mg/kg DMSA (5 days) either alone or in combination. RESULTS Administration of CoQ10 and DMSA resulted in protection from arsenic-induced suppression of RBCs, haematocrit and hemoglobin levels. CoQ10 and DMSA protected from arsenic-induced alteration of WBCs, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and platelets. Arsenite-induced dyslipidemia was nullified by administration of CoQ10 alone or in combination with DMSA. Arsenite induced a drastic depletion of the liver and brain GSH; that was significantly blocked by CoQ10 and DMSA alone or in combination. Exposure to arsenite resulted in significant elevation of liver and kidney damage markers. The histological analysis of respective organs confirmed arsenic-induced organ damage, which was ameliorated by CoQ10 alone or when co-administered with DMSA. When administered alone, DMSA did not prevent arsenic-driven tissue damage. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study demonstrate that CoQ10 and DMSA separately or in a combination, significantly protect against arsenic-driven toxicity in mice. It is evident that with further pre-clinical and clinical studies, an adjunct therapy that incorporates CoQ10 alongside DMSA may find applications in nullifying arsenic-driven toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K Mwaeni
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
| | - James N Nyariki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
| | - Ngalla Jillani
- Institute of Primate Research, P.O. Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, 00502, Kenya
| | - George Omwenga
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Ngugi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya.
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Alenazi SA, Elmorsy E, Al-Ghafari A, El-Husseini A. Effect of amphotericin B-deoxycholate (Fungizone) on the mitochondria of Wistar rats' renal proximal tubules cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1620-1633. [PMID: 33740284 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Amphotericin B-deoxycholate (Fungizone [FZ]) is a widely used potent antimycotic drug in spite of its nephrotoxic effect via different mechanisms. The effect of FZ on renal cell bioenergetics is not clear. The current study evaluated the effect of FZ on the bioenergetics of albino rats' isolated renal proximal tubule cells (PTCs). The cytotoxic effect of FZ on the isolated renal cells was assessed by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. The effect of FZ on the PTCs uptake (OAT1 and OCT2) and efflux (P-gp and MRP2) transporters was evaluated. Then, the effect of FZ on mitochondria was assessed by studying complexes I-IV activities, lactate assay, oxygen consumption rates (OCR), and western blotting for all mitochondrial complexes. Moreover, the effect of FZ on mitochondrial membrane fluidity (MMF) and fatty acids composition was evaluated. Additionally, the protective effect of coenzyme q10 was studied. Outcomes showed that FZ was cytotoxic to the PTCs in a concentration and time-dependent patterns. FZ significantly inhibited the studied uptake and efflux tubular transporters with inhibition of the mitochondrial complexes activities and parallel increase in lactate production and decrease in OCRs. Finally, FZ significantly reduced the expression of all mitochondrial complexes in addition to significant increase in MMF and MMFA concentration. Coenzyme Q10 was found to significantly decrease FZ-induced cytotoxicity and transporters impairment in the PTC. FZ significantly inhibits bioenergetics of PTC, which may stimulate the cascade of cell death and clinical nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehab Ahmed Alenazi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekramy Elmorsy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat Al-Ghafari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr El-Husseini
- Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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