Studies on peroxidase from Moringa oleifera Lam leaves

Anti-Biofilm Activity and Biocontrol Potential of Streptomyces Cultures Against Ralstonia solanacearum on Tomato Plants

Biological control of phytopathogen is a promising approach when compared to the use of chemical agents. In the present study, seven Streptomyces cultures showing promising anti biofilm activity against Ralstonia solanacearum was mixed individually with farmyard manure. All the Streptomyces fortified farmyard manure (SFYM) were screened for plant growth promotion and control of bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum on tomato. Further, the ability of SFYM on stimulating the production of defense-related enzymes in R. solanacearum-inoculated tomato plants was investigated. When compared to the control tomato plants, the SFYM-treated plants had longer shoot and root length along with higher fresh and dry weight. The maximum level of chlorophyll was observed in the plants treated with strain UP1A-1 (2.21 ± 0.18 mg g^-1). Strain UP1A-1 also showed maximum of 96.8 ± 1.4% biocontrol efficacy in tomato plants challenged with R. solanacearum. In addition, the UP1A-1 treated tomato plants showed maximum accumulation of total phenolics (3.02 ± 0.09 mg g^-1) after 6 days of pathogen inoculation (DPI). Similarly, tomato plants treated with UP1A-1 showed highest level of peroxides, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase during 1-9 DPI. Findings of present study revealed that the Streptomyces culture UP1A-1 fortified farm yard manure could be applied as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic agents for controlling bacterial wilt in tomato plants.

The effects of ultrasonication on the phytochemicals, antioxidant, and polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities in coffee leaves

In the present study, we investigated the impacts of ultrasonic conditions on the phytochemical profiles, antioxidant activity, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities in coffee leaves. Ultrasonic frequency, power, and time, pH, and incubation time affected PPO and POD differently, thus resulting in different ABTS scavenging capacity and phenolic content in coffee leaves. Triple-frequency (20/35/50 kHz) ultrasound significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited trigonelline, caffeine, mangiferin, rutin, chlorogenic acids, antioxidant activity, and PPO activity, while the single frequency of 35 kHz increased the phenolics compounds, which was associated with the lowest POD activity. Increasing the incubation time after ultrasonication gradually decreased phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities, however, POD activity followed a temporal pattern of first increase and then decrease. Our results showed that PPO and POD were temporally inactivated after ultrasonication, which leading to the continuous decrease of phenolics in coffee leaves.

Is instant porridge with a high calcium content based on <em>Moringa oleifera</em> as an alternative baby food to prevent stunting in Indonesia?

Background: According to WHO, stunting is a state of heightfor- age index below minus two standard deviation. However, the condition could be prevented by giving suitable complementary food to babies and toddlers. Moringa leaves are rich in vitamins A, C, B6, as well as calcium, potassium, iron, as well as protein, and are therefore used as complementary foods for breast milk, in baby feeding.

Design and Methods: Instant porridge was developed using three formulas. Each formula comprised Moringa leaf flour (5, 6 and 7 grams each) combined with 30 grams of oatmeal powder, 40 grams of powdered formula, 10 grams of refined sugar, and 5 grams of banana flour.

Results: Based on the organoleptic test, Formula 3 (created with 5 grams of Moringa leaf flour) was discovered to be the best. The organoleptic evaluation panel consisted of 3 trained and 30 untrained participants, while the statistical results showed the parameters of colour, texture, and taste, have no significant effect on panellists’ acceptance.

Conclusions: The flavour parameter has a significant effect on panellists’ acceptance, with a p-value <0.05.