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Oraiopoulou ME, Couturier DL, Bunce EV, Cannell IG, Sweeney PW, Naylor H, Golinska M, Hannon GJ, Sakkalis V, Bohndiek SE. The in vitro dynamics of pseudo-vascular network formation. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:457-467. [PMID: 38902534 PMCID: PMC11300916 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Pseudo-vascular network formation in vitro is considered a key characteristic of vasculogenic mimicry. While many cancer cell lines form pseudo-vascular networks, little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics of these formations. METHODS Here, we present a framework for monitoring and characterising the dynamic formation and dissolution of pseudo-vascular networks in vitro. The framework combines time-resolved optical microscopy with open-source image analysis for network feature extraction and statistical modelling. The framework is demonstrated by comparing diverse cancer cell lines associated with vasculogenic mimicry, then in detecting response to drug compounds proposed to affect formation of vasculogenic mimics. Dynamic datasets collected were analysed morphometrically and a descriptive statistical analysis model was developed in order to measure stability and dissimilarity characteristics of the pseudo-vascular networks formed. RESULTS Melanoma cells formed the most stable pseudo-vascular networks and were selected to evaluate the response of their pseudo-vascular networks to treatment with axitinib, brucine and tivantinib. Tivantinib has been found to inhibit the formation of the pseudo-vascular networks more effectively, even in dose an order of magnitude less than the two other agents. CONCLUSIONS Our framework is shown to enable quantitative analysis of both the capacity for network formation, linked vasculogenic mimicry, as well as dynamic responses to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam-Eleni Oraiopoulou
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK CI), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominique-Laurent Couturier
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK CI), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ellie V Bunce
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK CI), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian G Cannell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK CI), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul W Sweeney
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK CI), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Huw Naylor
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK CI), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Monika Golinska
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK CI), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gregory J Hannon
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK CI), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vangelis Sakkalis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK CI), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Alshehade SA, Almoustafa HA, Alshawsh MA, Chik Z. Flow cytometry-based quantitative analysis of cellular protein expression in apoptosis subpopulations: A protocol. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33665. [PMID: 39040270 PMCID: PMC11260931 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry techniques utilizing dual staining with annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) provide a robust method for quantitatively analyzing apoptosis induction. Annexin V binds phosphatidylserine exposed on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane during early apoptosis, while PI permeates late apoptotic/necrotic cells. Simultaneous staining allows differentiation of viable, early apoptotic, and late apoptotic/necrotic populations. This approach can be enhanced by using fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies to stain specific proteins, enabling the simultaneous tracking of protein expression changes in defined cell subpopulations during apoptosis. This multiparametric approach provides key insights into signaling regulation and the mechanisms underlying the apoptotic response to cytotoxic treatments. Here we present a protocol that combines annexin V-FITC/PI staining with APC-conjugated antibody labeling in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells treated with doxorubicin. This protocol enables both the quantitative assessment of apoptosis induction and the tracking of decreased CD44 expression from viable to apoptotic cells. This protocol also provides guidelines for appropriate filter selection, compensation controls, gating strategies, and troubleshooting. This robust protocol holds significant potential for elucidating signaling networks involved in apoptosis and therapeutic resistance across various cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Abdalrazak Alshehade
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Bio Medical Sciences, MAHSA University, 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hassan A. Almoustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Bioequivalence and Testing Centre (UBAT), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Zamri Chik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Bioequivalence and Testing Centre (UBAT), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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3
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Gardner AL, Jost TA, Brock A. Computational identification of surface markers for isolating distinct subpopulations from heterogeneous cancer cell populations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.28.596337. [PMID: 38854060 PMCID: PMC11160629 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.596337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Intratumor heterogeneity reduces treatment efficacy and complicates our understanding of tumor progression. There is a pressing need to understand the functions of heterogeneous tumor cell subpopulations within a tumor, yet biological systems to study these processes in vitro are limited. With the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), it has become clear that some cancer cell line models include distinct subpopulations. Heterogeneous cell lines offer a unique opportunity to study the dynamics and evolution of genetically similar cancer cell subpopulations in controlled experimental settings. Here, we present clusterCleaver, a computational package that uses metrics of statistical distance to identify candidate surface markers maximally unique to transcriptomic subpopulations in scRNA-seq which may be used for FACS isolation. clusterCleaver was experimentally validated using the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436 breast cancer cell lines. ESAM and BST2/tetherin were experimentally confirmed as surface markers which identify and separate major transcriptomic subpopulations within MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436 cells, respectively. clusterCleaver is a computationally efficient and experimentally validated workflow for identification and enrichment of distinct subpopulations within cell lines which paves the way for studies on the coexistence of cancer cell subpopulations in well-defined in vitro systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Gardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Tyler A. Jost
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Amy Brock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin
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4
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Ancona P, Trentini A, Terrazzan A, Grassilli S, Navals P, Gates EWJ, Rosta V, Cervellati C, Bergamini CM, Pignatelli A, Keillor JW, Taccioli C, Bianchi N. Transcriptomics Studies Reveal Functions of Transglutaminase 2 in Breast Cancer Cells Using Membrane Permeable and Impermeable Inhibitors. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168569. [PMID: 38604527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) performs many functions both under physiological and pathological conditions. In cancer, its expression is associated with aggressiveness, propensity to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. Since TG2 performs key functions both outside and inside the cell, using inhibitors with different membrane permeability we analyzed the changes in the transcriptome induced in two triple-negative cell lines (MDA-MB-436 and MDA-MB-231) with aggressive features. By characterizing pathways and gene networks, we were able to define the effects of TG2 inhibitors (AA9, membrane-permeable, and NCEG2, impermeable) in relation to the roles of the enzyme in the intra- and extracellular space within the context of breast cancer. The deregulated genes revealed p53 and integrin signaling to be the common pathways with some genes showing opposite changes in expression. In MDA-MB-436, AA9 induced apoptosis, modulated cadherin, Wnt, gastrin and cholecystokinin receptors (CCKR) mediated signaling, with RHOB and GNG2 playing significant roles, and affected the Warburg effect by decreasing glycolytic enzymes. In MDA-MB-231 cells, AA9 strongly impacted HIF-mediated hypoxia, including AKT and mTOR pathway. These effects suggest an anti-tumor activity by blocking intracellular TG2 functions. Conversely, the use of NCEG2 stimulated the expression of ATP synthase and proteins involved in DNA replication, indicating a potential promotion of cell proliferation through inhibition of extracellular TG2. To effectively utilize these molecules as an anti-tumor strategy, an appropriate delivery system should be evaluated to target specific functions and avoid adverse effects. Additionally, considering combinations with other pathway modulators is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ancona
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Anna Terrazzan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Silvia Grassilli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Pauline Navals
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Eric W J Gates
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Valentina Rosta
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Carlo M Bergamini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Angela Pignatelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Jeffrey W Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Cristian Taccioli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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5
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Ruszkowska-Ciastek B, Kwiatkowska K, Marques-da-Silva D, Lagoa R. Cancer Stem Cells from Definition to Detection and Targeted Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3903. [PMID: 38612718 PMCID: PMC11011379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancers remain the second leading cause of mortality in the world. Preclinical and clinical studies point an important role of cancer/leukaemia stem cells (CSCs/LSCs) in the colonisation at secondary organ sites upon metastatic spreading, although the precise mechanisms for specific actions are still not fully understood. Reviewing the present knowledge on the crucial role of CSCs/LSCs, their plasticity, and population heterogeneity in treatment failures in cancer patients is timely. Standard chemotherapy, which acts mainly on rapidly dividing cells, is unable to adequately affect CSCs with a low proliferation rate. One of the proposed mechanisms of CSC resistance to anticancer agents is the fact that these cells can easily shift between different phases of the cell cycle in response to typical cell stimuli induced by anticancer drugs. In this work, we reviewed the recent studies on CSC/LSC alterations associated with disease recurrence, and we systematised the functional assays, markers, and novel methods for CSCs screening. This review emphasises CSCs' involvement in cancer progression and metastasis, as well as CSC/LSC targeting by synthetic and natural compounds aiming at their elimination or modulation of stemness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ruszkowska-Ciastek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Dorinda Marques-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (D.M.-d.-S.); (R.L.)
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Lagoa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (D.M.-d.-S.); (R.L.)
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
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6
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Ramović Hamzagić A, Cvetković D, Gazdić Janković M, Milivojević Dimitrijević N, Nikolić D, Živanović M, Kastratović N, Petrović I, Nikolić S, Jovanović M, Šeklić D, Filipović N, Ljujić B. Modeling 5-FU-Induced Chemotherapy Selection of a Drug-Resistant Cancer Stem Cell Subpopulation. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:1221-1234. [PMID: 38534924 PMCID: PMC10968802 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells in a tumor that can self-regenerate and produce different types of cells with the ability to initiate tumor growth and dissemination. Chemotherapy resistance, caused by numerous mechanisms by which tumor tissue manages to overcome the effects of drugs, remains the main problem in cancer treatment. The identification of markers on the cell surface specific to CSCs is important for understanding this phenomenon. (2) Methods: The expression of markers CD24, CD44, ALDH1, and ABCG2 was analyzed on the surface of CSCs in two cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and HCT-116, after treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) using flow cytometry analysis. A machine learning model (ML)-genetic algorithm (GA) was used for the in silico simulation of drug resistance. (3) Results: As evaluated through the use of flow cytometry, the percentage of CD24-CD44+ MDA-MB-231 and CD44, ALDH1 and ABCG2 HCT-116 in a group treated with 5-FU was significantly increased compared to untreated cells. The CSC population was enriched after treatment with chemotherapy, suggesting that these cells have enhanced drug resistance mechanisms. (4) Conclusions: Each individual GA prediction model achieved high accuracy in estimating the expression rate of CSC markers on cancer cells treated with 5-FU. Artificial intelligence can be used as a powerful tool for predicting drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amra Ramović Hamzagić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.R.H.); (M.G.J.); (N.K.); (S.N.); (B.L.)
- Serbia for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Cvetković
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.R.H.); (M.G.J.); (N.K.); (S.N.); (B.L.)
- Serbia for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Gazdić Janković
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.R.H.); (M.G.J.); (N.K.); (S.N.); (B.L.)
- Serbia for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Milivojević Dimitrijević
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Kneževine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.M.D.); (D.N.); (M.Ž.); (D.Š.)
| | - Dalibor Nikolić
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Kneževine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.M.D.); (D.N.); (M.Ž.); (D.Š.)
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center (BioIRC), Prvoslava Stojanovica 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Marko Živanović
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Kneževine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.M.D.); (D.N.); (M.Ž.); (D.Š.)
| | - Nikolina Kastratović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.R.H.); (M.G.J.); (N.K.); (S.N.); (B.L.)
- Serbia for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivica Petrović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Sandra Nikolić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.R.H.); (M.G.J.); (N.K.); (S.N.); (B.L.)
- Serbia for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena Jovanović
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Dragana Šeklić
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Kneževine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.M.D.); (D.N.); (M.Ž.); (D.Š.)
| | - Nenad Filipović
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center (BioIRC), Prvoslava Stojanovica 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjić 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ljujić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.R.H.); (M.G.J.); (N.K.); (S.N.); (B.L.)
- Serbia for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Raad C, Raad A, Pandey S. Green Tea Leaves and Rosemary Extracts Selectively Induce Cell Death in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells and Enhance the Efficacy of Common Chemotherapeutics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2024; 2024:9458716. [PMID: 39376573 PMCID: PMC11458307 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9458716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
While incredible medical advancements in chemotherapeutics development for cancer treatment have been made, the majority of these are not selective in their mechanism of action, leading to adverse effects. Given the systemic toxicity associated with these therapies, they are not well suited for long-term use. Natural health products, or NHPs, may provide a way to selectively target the oxidative and metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer cells. White tea (Camelia sinensis) and rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) are two natural extracts that have been studied extensively for their medicinal properties. However, their anticancer activity and mechanism of action are yet to be fully elucidated. We have examined the extracts' cancer cell-killing ability as well as their interactions with common chemotherapeutics in MDA-MB-231 cells, a triple-negative breast cancer cell line, in vitro. Cell death measurement, morphological and biochemical characterization of apoptotic cell death, mechanisms of action (mitochondrial depolarization and oxidative stress), and immunofluorescence assays to estimate the percentage of cancer stem cells (CSCs) were performed following treatment with Synthite tea extract (STE) and rosemary extract (RE), provided by Synthite Industries Limited alone and in combination with cisplatin and paclitaxel. The key findings in this study are that STE and RE alone demonstrated very efficient anticancer activity against TNBC, and more importantly, the administration of the extracts in conjunction with cisplatin and paclitaxel sensitizes cancer cells to achieve enhanced cell death. In addition, CSCs were found to be sensitive to treatment with STE alone and in combination with RE and exhibited greater sensitivity to combination therapies compared to chemotherapeutic alone. The significance of these observations is that STE and RE, well-tolerated NHPs, have the potential to enhance the efficacy of current chemotherapeutics when combined, as well as prevent relapse for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Raad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
| | - Abby Raad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
| | - Siyaram Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
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8
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Marni R, Malla M, Chakraborty A, Malla R. Proteomic profiling and ROC analysis identify CD151 and ELAVL1 as potential therapy response markers for the antiviral drug in resistant TNBC. Life Sci 2023; 320:121534. [PMID: 36889667 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is high heterogeneous, aggressive, and metastatic with poor prognosis. Despite of advances in targeted therapies, TNBC has been reported to cause high morbidity and mortality. A rare subpopulation within the tumor microenvironment organized into a hierarchy of cancer stem cells is responsible for therapy resistance and tumor recurrence. Repurposing of antiviral drugs for cancer treatment is gaining momentum due to reduced cost, labour, and research time, but limited due to lack of prognostic, and predictive markers. The present study investigates proteomic profiling and ROC analysis to identify CD151 and ELAVL1 as potential therapy response markers for the antiviral drug 2-thio-6-azauridine (TAU) in resistant TNBC. The stemness of MDA-MB 231 and MDA-MD 468 adherent cells was enriched by culturing them under non-adherent and non-differentiation conditions. Then, CD151+ subpopulation was isolated and characterized for the enrichment of stemness. This study found that CD151 has overexpressed in stemness enriched subpopulations, and also showed CD44 high and CD24 low expression along with stem cell-related transcription factors octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) and Sex determining Y-box 2 (SOX2). This study also found that TAU induced significant cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in the CD151+TNBC subpopulation and inhibited their proliferation by inducing DNA damage, cell cycle arrest at the G2M phase, and apoptosis. Further, a proteomic profiling study showed that the expression of CD151 along with ELAVL1, an RNA-binding protein, was significantly reduced with TAU treatment. KM plotter showed correlation of CD151 and ELAVL1 gene expression with a poor prognosis of TNBC. ROC analysis predicted and validated CD151 and ELAVL1 as best therapy response marker for TAU in TNBC. These findings provide new insight into repurposing antiviral drug TAU for treatment of metastatic and drug resistant TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshmitha Marni
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, A.P., India
| | - Manas Malla
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GITAM School of Technology, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, A.P., India
| | | | - RamaRao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, A.P., India.
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9
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Syarifah S, Rambe AS, Putra A, Ichwan M, Pane YS, Muhar AM, Khatib A, Munir D, Rusda M, Amin MM. Water Extract Have Superior Cytotoxic Effect Than Ethanolic Extract of Clinacanthus Nutans Leaves in Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Acta Inform Med 2023; 32:4-10. [PMID: 38585603 PMCID: PMC10997169 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2024.32.4-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid development of medical technology in managing breast cancer patients still cannot solve the problem of recurrence and resistance. One of the causes of recurrence and molecular resistance is the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Clinacanthus nutans (C.nutans) is a plant found in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This plant is believed to have anticancer activity in community. Objective Our study aimed to assess phytochemical of C.nutans leaves, isolate breast cancer stem cells and determine the cytotoxic effects of the ethanolic extract and water extract of C.nutans leaves on breast cancer stem cells at 24, 48, and 72 h of observation. Methods We underwent the cytotoxic test by using MTT assay and isolated breast cancer stem cells by using MACS and validated them by mammosphere test. Results We found alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and tannins in simplicia and all extracts. BCSCs was valid with the diameter of the mammosphere BCSCs was > 60 μm. The IC50 values of 100%, 60%, 40%, 20% EE, and WE of C.nutans leaves were 227.30; 46.05; 31.12; 98.54, and 16.16 μg/ml respectively in the first 24 hours. In administering WE of C.nutans leaves, BCSCs viability was decreased at 24,48 and 72 hours of observation, namely 69.29±26%; 75.82 ± 21.02% and 38.94±9.34 % (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The WE of C.nutans leaves had more substantial cytotoxic potential against BCSCs than the EE. The capability of WE C.nutans leaves to suppress BCSC's viability was time-dependent. The anticancer activity were believed originate from alkaloid and flavonoid group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Syarifah
- Philosophy Doctor in Medicine Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Aldy S. Rambe
- Philosophy Doctor in Medicine Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Agung Putra
- Department of Postgraduate Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - M. Ichwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan,Indonesia
| | - Yunita Sari Pane
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Adi Muradi Muhar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Delfitri Munir
- Philosophy Doctor in Medicine Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Pusat Unggulan IPTEK Tissue Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - M. Rusda
- Philosophy Doctor in Medicine Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetric & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Mustafa M. Amin
- Philosophy Doctor in Medicine Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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Overcoming the non-kinetic activity of EGFR1 using multi-functionalized mesoporous silica nanocarrier for in vitro delivery of siRNA. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17208. [PMID: 36241668 PMCID: PMC9568566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not respond to HER2-targeted and hormone-based medicines. Epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR1) is commonly overexpressed in up to 70% of TNBC cases, so targeting cancer cells via this receptor could emerge as a favored modality for TNBC therapy due to its target specificity. The development of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as carriers for siRNAs remains a rapidly growing area of research. For this purpose, a multi-functionalized KIT-6 containing the guanidinium ionic liquid (GuIL), PEI and PEGylated folic acid (FA-PEG) was designed. Accordingly, KIT-6 was fabricated and modified with FA-PEG and PEI polymers attached on the surface and the GuIL placed in the mesopores. Subsequent to confirming the structure of this multi-functionalized KIT-6- based nanocarrier using TEM, SEM, AFM, BET, BJH, DLS and Zeta Potential, it was investigated for uploading and transferring the anti-EGFR1 siRNAs to the MD-MBA-231 cell line. The rate of cellular uptake, cellular localization and endolysosomal escape was evaluated based on the fluorescent intensity of FAM-labelled siRNA using flowcytometry analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The 64% cellular uptake after 4 h incubation, clearly suggested the successful delivery of siRNA into the cells and, CLSM demonstrated that siRNA@[FA-PEGylated/PEI@GuIL@KIT-6] may escape endosomal entrapment after 6 h incubation. Using qPCR, quantitative evaluation of EGFR1 gene expression, a knockdown of 82% was found, which resulted in a functional change in the expression of EGFR1 targets. Co-treatment of chemotherapy drug "carboplatin" in combination with siRNA@[FA-PEGylated/PEI@GuIL@KIT-6] exhibited a remarkable cytotoxic effect in comparison to carboplatin alone.
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Giridharan M, Rupani V, Banerjee S. Signaling Pathways and Targeted Therapies for Stem Cells in Prostate Cancer. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:193-206. [PMID: 35434534 PMCID: PMC9003388 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers among men, and the current statistics show that it is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men. Over the years, research in PCa treatment and therapies has made many advances. Despite these efforts, the standardized therapies such as radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and surgery are not considered completely effective in treating advanced and metastatic PCa. In most situations, fast-dividing tumor cells are targeted, leaving behind relatively slowly dividing, chemoresistant cells known as cancer stem cells. Therefore, following the seemingly successful treatments, the lingering quiescent cancer stem cells are able to renew themselves, undergo differentiation into mature tumor cells, and sufficiently reinitiate the disease, leading to cancer relapse. Thus, prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) have been reported to play a vital role in controlling the dynamics of tumorigenesis, progression, and resistance to therapies in PCa. However, the complete knowledge on the mechanisms regulating the stemness of PCSCs is still unclear. Thus, studying the stemness of PCSCs will allow for the development of more effective cancer therapies due to the durable response, resulting in a reduction in recurrences of cancer. In this Review, we will specifically describe the molecular mechanisms responsible for regulating the stemness of PCSCs. Furthermore, current developments in stem cell-specific therapeutic approaches along with future prospects will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuvanthi Giridharan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasu Rupani
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satarupa Banerjee
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632104, Tamil Nadu, India
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