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Khan M, Imran M, Ashraf M, Ishaque W, Habib M. Characterization of Exopolysaccharides Having Potential Antiviral Properties from Priestia Aryabattai Strain MK1 and Bacillus sp. Strain MK2. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:260. [PMID: 38980435 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Viral diseases are a serious threat to humans while the most antiviral drugs have low efficiency and side effects on human health. Therefore, using microbial biopolymers as the drugs alternate to treat viral infections seems cost-effective and human friendly option. In the present study, thirty-four exopolysaccharides (EPSs) producing bacteria were isolated, and EPSs production capacity of five salt-tolerant isolates was determined under 0, 100 and 150 mM NaCl. Among these, two isolates exhibiting high anti-coliphage activity were identified through 16S rRNA gene analysis. Moreover, the EPSs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and their composition was determined. Five salt-tolerant bacteria (MK1, MK2, MK10, MK22 and MK29) exhibited higher production of EPSs at 100 mM NaCl compared to that under non-saline control. At 100 mM NaCl, the yield of EPSs ranged between 105 and 330 mg 100 mL-1 broth. The EPSs produced by the isolates MK1 and MK2 exhibited higher anti-coliphage activity (plaque forming unit decreased from 43 × 106 mL-1 to 3 × 106 and 4 × 106 mL-1, respectively), and were comprised of glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose and xylose sugars. FTIR spectroscopy depicted that EPSs are mainly composed of hydroxyl, aliphatic, carboxyl, sulfate and phosphate functional groups, which could have bound coliphage and thus conferred higher anti-coliphage activities to the EPSs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MK1 and MK2 isolates formed clades within genus Priestia and Bacillus sequences, respectively. High EPSs production capacity of bacterial isolates under saline condition and high anti-coliphage activity of the EPSs implies that bacterial biopolymers could be useful in antiviral drugs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Khan
- Soil and Environmental Sciences, NIAB-C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Soil and Environmental Sciences, NIAB-C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Soil and Environmental Sciences, NIAB-C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Ishaque
- Soil and Environmental Sciences, NIAB-C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mudasser Habib
- Animal Sciences, NIAB-C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Tiwari ON, Bobby MN, Kondi V, Halder G, Kargarzadeh H, Ikbal AMA, Bhunia B, Thomas S, Efferth T, Chattopadhyay D, Palit P. Comprehensive review on recent trends and perspectives of natural exo-polysaccharides: Pioneering nano-biotechnological tools. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130747. [PMID: 38479657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs), originating from various microbes, and mushrooms, excel in their conventional role in bioremediation to showcase diverse applications emphasizing nanobiotechnology including nano-drug carriers, nano-excipients, medication and/or cell encapsulation, gene delivery, tissue engineering, diagnostics, and associated treatments. Acknowledged for contributions to adsorption, nutrition, and biomedicine, EPSs are emerging as appealing alternatives to traditional polymers, for biodegradability and biocompatibility. This article shifts away from the conventional utility to delve deeply into the expansive landscape of EPS applications, particularly highlighting their integration into cutting-edge nanobiotechnological methods. Exploring EPS synthesis, extraction, composition, and properties, the discussion emphasizes their structural diversity with molecular weight and heteropolymer compositions. Their role as raw materials for value-added products takes center stage, with critical insights into recent applications in nanobiotechnology. The multifaceted potential, biological relevance, and commercial applicability of EPSs in contemporary research and industry align with the nanotechnological advancements coupled with biotechnological nano-cleansing agents are highlighted. EPS-based nanostructures for biological applications have a bright future ahead of them. Providing crucial information for present and future practices, this review sheds light on how eco-friendly EPSs derived from microbial biomass of terrestrial and aquatic environments can be used to better understand contemporary nanobiotechnology for the benefit of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onkar Nath Tiwari
- Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Md Nazneen Bobby
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India
| | - Vanitha Kondi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak 502313, Telangana, India
| | - Gopinath Halder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Hanieh Kargarzadeh
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Seinkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Abu Md Ashif Ikbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Biswanath Bhunia
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania 799046, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Athirampuzha, Kerala, 686560, India; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box, 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India; School of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700102, India
| | - Partha Palit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India.
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Rafeeq H, Afsheen N, Rafique S, Arshad A, Intisar M, Hussain A, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Genetically engineered microorganisms for environmental remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136751. [PMID: 36209847 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the recent era, the increasing persistence of hazardous contaminants is badly affecting the globe in many ways. Due to high environmental contamination, almost every second species on earth facing the worst issue in their survival. Advances in newer remediation approaches may help enhance bioremediation's quality, while conventional procedures have failed to remove hazardous compounds from the environment. Chemical and physical waste cleanup approaches have been used in current circumstances; however, these methods are costly and harmful to the environment. Thus, there has been a rise in the use of bioremediation due to an increase in environmental contamination, which led to the development of genetically engineered microbes (GEMs). It is safer and more cost-effective to use engineered microorganisms rather than alternative methods. GEMs are created by introducing a stronger protein into bacteria through biotechnology or genetic engineering to enhance the desired trait. Biodegradation of oil spills, halobenzoates naphthalenes, toluenes, trichloroethylene, octanes, xylenes etc. has been accomplished using GEMs such bacteria, fungus, and algae. Biotechnologically induced microorganisms are more powerful than naturally occurring ones and may degrade contaminants faster because they can quickly adapt to new pollutants they encounter or co-metabolize. Genetic engineering is a worthy process that will benefit the environment and ultimately the health of our people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Rafeeq
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Afsheen
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Rafique
- Departement of Pharmacy, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Arooj Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maham Intisar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Asim Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60695 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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NG CWW, YAN WH, TSIM KWK, SO PS, XIA YT, TO CT. Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens as the soil amendment. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11674. [PMID: 36439778 PMCID: PMC9691937 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of soil beneficial bacteria (SBB) in agriculture is steadily increasing as it provides a promising way to replace chemical fertilisers and other supplements. Although the role of SBB as a biofertiliser is well understood, little is known about the response of soil physiochemical properties via the change in soil enzymatic activities with SBB growth. In this study, sterilised bulk soil was inoculated with Bacillus subtilis (BS) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF), which exhibit excellent characteristics in vitro for potentially improving soil quality. It is found that the contents of bioavailable nitrogen and ammonium in soil inoculated with SBB increased significantly, up to 34% and 57% relative to a control. This resulted from the enhancement of soil urease activity with BS and PF treatments by approximately 90% and 70%, respectively. The increased soil urease activity can be explained by the increased microorganism activity evident from the larger population size of BS (0.78–0.97 CFU mL−1/CFU mL−1) than PF (0.55–0.79 CFU mL−1/CFU mL−1) (p < 0.05). Results of principal component analysis also reinforce the interaction apparent in the significant relationship between soil urease activity and microbial biomass carbon (p < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the enhancement of soil enzymatic activities induced bulk soil fertility upregulation because of bacterial growth. These results demonstrate the application of SBB to be a promising strategy for bulk soil amendment, particularly nutrient restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Wang Wai NG
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Hui YAN
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Karl Wah Keung TSIM
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pui San SO
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Teng XIA
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Ting TO
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Gurav R, Bhatia SK, Choi TR, Hyun Cho D, Chan Kim B, Hyun Kim S, Ju Jung H, Joong Kim H, Jeon JM, Yoon JJ, Yun J, Yang YH. Lignocellulosic hydrolysate based biorefinery for marine exopolysaccharide production and application of the produced biopolymer in environmental clean-up. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127499. [PMID: 35718248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with the utilization of lignocellulosic hydrolysate-based carbon source for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production using newly reported marine Echinicola sediminis BBL-M-12. This bacterium produced 7.56 g L-1 and 5.32 g L-1 of EPS on supplementing 30 g L-1 glucose and 10 g L-1 xylose as the sole carbon source, respectively. Whereas on feeding Miscanthus hydrolysate (MCH) with glucose content adjusting to 20 g L-1, E. sediminis BBL-M-12 produced 6.18 g L-1 of EPS. The inhibitors study showed bacterium could tolerate higher concentrations of fermentation inhibitors include furfural (0.05%), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (0.1%), vanillin (0.1%) and acetate (0.5%). Moreover, the EPS composition was greatly altered with the type and concentration of carbon source supplied, although β-D-Glucopyranose, β-D-Galactopyranose, and β-D-Xylopyranose were the dominant monomers detected. Interestingly, E. sediminis BBL-M-12 EPS revealed excellent environmental applications like clay flocculation, oil emulsification, and removal of humic acid, textile dye, and heavy metal from the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Gurav
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Rim Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Cho
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chan Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Jung
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Jeon
- Green & Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Research Institute of Clean Manufacturing System, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Chungnam 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Jun Yoon
- Green & Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Research Institute of Clean Manufacturing System, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Chungnam 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghee Yun
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Patel D, Mamtora D, Kamath A, Shukla A. Rogue one: A plastic story. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113509. [PMID: 35290835 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic comprises of variety of polymers and has many applications, but the waste generated by plastic pose threat to environment and marine life. Plastic can be classified into two types: thermoplastics and thermosetting and are divided into 7 different categories: (Polyethylene Terephthalate [PETE], High-Density Polyethylene [HDPE], Polyvinyl Chloride [PVC], Low-Density Polyethylene [LDPE], Polypropylene [PP], Polystyrene or Styrofoam [PS] & Polycarbonate or ABS [others]). To curb the deleterious effects of plastic waste various methods have been devised and utilized that include chemical, physical and biological treatments. One of the aspects primarily focused by the researchers is the phenomenon of biodegradation and there are many microorganisms (bacteria) that have the ability to carry out this particular process. These bacteria assist biodegradation by production of several enzymes like PETases and MHETases. There are few microorganisms that have been listed which cannot be applied for industrial use due to its low biodegradation capacity. To overcome this problem, PHA is one of the alternatives to replace the synthetic plastic due to its high degrading capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, University of Innovation, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar 382426, India.
| | - Dhruv Mamtora
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, University of Innovation, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar 382426, India
| | - Anushree Kamath
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, University of Innovation, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar 382426, India.
| | - Arpit Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, University of Innovation, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar 382426, India.
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