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Salem HF, Nafady MM, Khallaf RA, Abdel-Sattar AR, Abdel-Sattar HH, Eissa EM. Implementing losartan potassium-laden pegylated nanocubic vesicles as a novel nanoplatform to alleviate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via blocking apoptosis and activating the wnt/β-catenin/TCF-4 pathway. Life Sci 2024; 354:122955. [PMID: 39122109 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Losartan potassium-laden pegylated nanocubic vesicles (LP-NCVs-PEG) have an intriguing kidney-targeted nanoplatform for acute renal injury via blocking apoptosis and activating wnt/β-catenin pathway. MAIN METHODS Utilizing a thin-film hydration methodology established on 42 full factorial design to produce LP loaded nanocubic formulations (LP-NCVs) which composed mainly from L-α-phosphatidylcholine and poloxamer. The optimization process was designed to select the formulation with maximum entrapment efficiency (EE %), maximum in-vitro drug release (Q8h), and minimum vesicle size (VS). The optimum formulation was then pegylated to obtain LP-NCVs-PEG formulation that shields NCVs from the harsh ecosystem of the stomach, improves their oral drug delivery performance and targets the proximal renal tubules with no systemic toxicity. Male albino rats were injected with Cisplatin (6 mg/kg, i.p.) alone or with LP-formulations (5 mg/kg/day). Kidney injury markers, inflammatory markers, apoptotic markers. Besides renal tissue expression of Wnt, β-Catenin, GSK-3β, renal RNA gene expression of TCF-4, LEF-1 and histopathology were also analyzed to display pharmacological study. KEY FINDINGS The pharmacokinetics studies demonstrated that LP-NCVs-PEG boosted LP bioavailability approximately 3.61 times compared to LP oral solution. Besides LP-NCVs-PEG may have an intriguing kidney-targeted nanoplatform for acute renal injury via decreased renal toxicity markers, renal expression of LEF-1, GSK3-β, caspase, TNF-α, NF-κB and TUNEL expression. Alternatively, increased renal tissue level of Bcl-2, wnt, β-catenin and TCF-4. SIGNIFICANCE LP-NCVs-PEG improved LP pharmacokinetics targeting the kidney and improved injury by activating wnt/β-catenin/TCF-4 pathway, blocking apoptosis, inflammation and renal toxicity markers suggesting it might be successful nephroprotective adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba F Salem
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Nafady
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Rasha A Khallaf
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | | | - Hend Hassan Abdel-Sattar
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Essam M Eissa
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Abbasi M, Heath B, McGinness L. Advances in metformin-delivery systems for diabetes and obesity management. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3513-3529. [PMID: 38984380 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Metformin is a medication that is commonly prescribed to manage type 2 diabetes. It has been used for more than 60 years and is highly effective in lowering blood glucose levels. Recent studies indicate that metformin may have additional medical benefits beyond treating diabetes, revealing its potential therapeutic uses. Oral medication is commonly used to administer metformin because of its convenience and cost-effectiveness. However, there are challenges in optimizing its effectiveness. Gastrointestinal side effects and limitations in bioavailability have led to the underutilization of metformin. Innovative drug-delivery systems such as fast-dissolving tablets, micro/nanoparticle formulations, hydrogel and microneedles have been explored to optimize metformin therapy. These strategies enhance metformin dosage, targeting, bioavailability and stability, and provide personalized treatment options for improved glucose homeostasis, antiobesity and metabolic health benefits. Developing new delivery systems for metformin shows potential for improving therapeutic outcomes, broadening its applications beyond diabetes management and addressing unmet medical needs in various clinical settings. However, it is important to improve drug-delivery systems, addressing issues such as complexity, cost, biocompatibility, stability during storage and transportation, loading capacity, required technologies and biomaterials, targeting precision and regulatory approval. Addressing these limitations is crucial for effective, safe and accessible drug delivery in clinical practice. In this review, recent advances in the development and application of metformin-delivery systems for diabetes and obesity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Abbasi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Braeden Heath
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Sciences and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Lauren McGinness
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Sarkar K, Chatterjee A, Bankura B, Bank S, Paul N, Chatterjee S, Das A, Dutta K, Chakraborty S, De S, Al-Masud AA, Khan GA, Chattopadhyay D, Das M. Efficacy of pegylated Graphene oxide quantum dots as a nanoconjugate sustained release metformin delivery system in in vitro insulin resistance model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307166. [PMID: 39133725 PMCID: PMC11318915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin, the primary therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), showed limitations such as varying absorption, rapid system clearance, required large amount, resistance, longstanding side effects. Use of Nano formulations for pharmaceuticals is emerging as a viable technique to reduce negative consequences of drug, while simultaneously attaining precise release and targeted distribution. This study developed a Polyethylene Glycol conjugated Graphene Oxide Quantum dots (GOQD-PEG) nanocomposite for the sustained release of metformin. Herein, we evaluated the effectiveness of metformin-loaded nanoconjugate in in vitro insulin resistance model. Results demonstrated drug loaded nanoconjugate successfully restored glucose uptake and reversed insulin resistance in in vitro conditions at reduced dosage compared to free metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Sarbashri Bank
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Nirvika Paul
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Anwesha Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Koushik Dutta
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Sriparna De
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Brainware University, Kolkata, India
| | - Alaa A. Al-Masud
- Tissue Biobank Section, Research Department, Natural and Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gausal Azam Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al ASHA, KSA
| | | | - Madhusudan Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Wagh P, Savaliya S, Joshi B, Vyas B, Kuperkar K, Lalan M, Shah P. Discerning computational, in vitro and in vivo investigations of self-assembling empagliflozin polymeric micelles in type-2 diabetes. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01658-y. [PMID: 39103594 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empagliflozin (EMPA) is an SGLT2 inhibitor, a new class of anti-diabetic medication, indicated for treating type-2 diabetes. Its low permeability, poor solubility and bioavailability limits its use in management of diabetes. The study was aimed to formulate EMPA loaded polymeric micelles (PMs) to overcome these obstacles in oral absorption. METHODOLOGY In silico studies-molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation (MDS), and quantum chemical calculation were employed to study the interaction of EMPA with different polymers. EMPA loaded TPGS polymeric micelles (EMPA-TPGS-PMs) were formulated by direct dissolution method and characterized in terms of surface morphology, entrapment, particle size, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity (HEK293 cells). In vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were also performed. RESULTS The results suggested a good interaction between TPGS and EMPA with lowest binding energy compared to other polymers. Further MDS results and DFT calculations validated the stable binding of the complex hence TPGS was selected for further wet lab experiments. The EMPA-TPGS complex displayed lower value of Total energy (T.E.) than its individual components, indicating the overall stability of the complex while, the energy band gap (∆E) value lied between the two individual molecules, signifying the better electron transfer between HOMO and LUMO of the complex. Based on the solubility, entrapment and cytotoxicity studies, 5% TPGS was selected for formulating drug loaded micelles. EMPA-TPGS5-PMs presented a size of 9.008 ± 1.25 nm, Polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.254 ± 0.100, a controlled release behaviour upto 24 h. SEM and AFM images of the nanoformulation suggested spherical particles whereas, DSC, and PXRD studies confirmed the loss of crystallinity of EMPA. A 3.12-folds higher AUC and a greater reduction in blood glucose levels was exhibited by EMPA-TPGS5-PMs in comparison to EMPA-SUSP in mice model. CONCLUSION EMPA-TPGS-PMs has exhibited better bio absorption and therapeutic effectiveness in diabetes treatment. This improved performance would open the possibility of dose reduction, reduced dosing frequency & dose-related side effects, improving pharmaco-economics and thereby improved overall compliance to the patient. However, this translation from bench to bedside would necessitate studies in higher animals and human volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Wagh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road,At & Po, Tarsadi, Bardoli, Gujarat, 394350, India
| | - Shivani Savaliya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road,At & Po, Tarsadi, Bardoli, Gujarat, 394350, India
| | - Bhrugesh Joshi
- C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Bardoli, Gujarat, 394350, India
| | - Bhavin Vyas
- Department of Pharmacology, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Bardoli, Gujarat, 394350, India
| | - Ketan Kuperkar
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India
| | - Manisha Lalan
- Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Pranav Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road,At & Po, Tarsadi, Bardoli, Gujarat, 394350, India.
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Alyami NM, Alnakhli ZA, Alshiban NM, Maodaa S, Almuhaini GA, Almeer R, Alshora D, Ibrahim M. Oral administration of proniosomal glibenclamide formulation protects testicular tissue from hyperglycemia fluctuations and ROS via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31283. [PMID: 38813164 PMCID: PMC11133806 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes causes high blood sugar due to insulin malfunction and is linked to male infertility. Using proniosomes can enhance the effectiveness of Glibenclamide, a medication that stimulates insulin secretion. In our study, male rats with diabetes were treated with GLB with or without proniosomal for 14 days. Proniosomal formulations maintained glucose levels prevented weight loss and showed normal testicular tissue. GLB-proniosomal reduces ROS caused by T2DM through Nrf2, HO-1 pathway and increases CAT, SOD, and GSH production in response to insulin and glucose uptake. The reference and proniosomal treatments showed CAT and SOD significant enzymatic elevation compared to the positive and negative control. CAT significantly correlated with Gpx4 expression with P = 0.0169 and r = 0.98; similarly, the enzymatic activity of SOD also showed a positive correlation between the average glucose levels (r = 0.99 and P = 0.0037). Intestinally, GSH analysis revealed that only proniosomal-GLB samples are significantly elevated from the positive control, with a P value of 0.0210. The data showed proniosomal-GLB was more effective than pure GLB, confirmed by higher Nrf2 (2.050 folds), HO-1 (2.148 folds), and GPx4 (1.9 folds) transcript levels relative to the control with less sample diversity compared to the reference samples, indicating proniosomal stabilized GLB in the blood. Administering GLB and proniosomes formulation has effectively restored testicular function and sperm production in diabetic rats by regulating ROS levels and upregulating anti-ROS in response to glucose uptake. These findings may lead to better treatments for diabetic patients who have infertility issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf M. Alyami
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab A. Alnakhli
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura M. Alshiban
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Maodaa
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghufran A. Almuhaini
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Alshora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Ramzy A, Soliman AH, Hassanein SI, Sebak AA. Multitarget, multiagent PLGA nanoparticles for simultaneous tumor eradication and TME remodeling in a melanoma mouse model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:491-509. [PMID: 37612575 PMCID: PMC10761550 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that chemoimmunotherapy has emerged as a key component in the era of cancer immunotherapy, it is challenged by the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that is jam-packed with cellular and non-cellular immunosuppressive components. The aim of this study was to design a nanoparticulate system capable of sufficiently accumulating in the tumor and spleen to mediate local and systemic immune responses, respectively. The study also aimed to remodel the immunosuppressive TME. For such reasons, multi-functional polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were engineered to simultaneously eradicate the cancer cells, silence the tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs), and re-educate the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) using doxorubicin, losartan, and metformin, respectively. These agents were also selected for their ability to tip the balance of the splenic immune cells towards immunostimulatory phenotypes. To establish TAM and TAF cultures, normal macrophages and fibroblasts were incubated with B16F10 melanoma cell (Mel)-derived secretome. Drug-loaded PLGA NPs were prepared, characterized, and tested in the target cell types. Organ distribution of fluorescein-loaded PLGA NPs was evaluated in a mouse model of melanoma. Finally, the local and systemic effects of different combination therapy programs were portrayed. The in vitro studies showed that the drug-loaded PLGA NPs could significantly ablate the immunosuppressive nature of Mel and skew TAMs and TAFs towards more favorable phenotypes. While in vivo, PLGA NPs were proven to exhibit long blood circulation time and to localize preferentially in the tumor and the spleen. The combination of either metformin or losartan with doxorubicin was superior to the monotherapy, both locally and systemically. However, the three-agent combo produced detrimental effects in the form of compromised well-being, immune depletion, and metastasis. These findings indicate the potential of TME remodeling as means to prime the tumors for successful chemoimmunotherapy. In addition, they shed light on the importance of the careful use of combination therapies and the necessity of employing dose-reduction strategies. D-NPs doxorubicin-loaded NPs, M-NPs metformin-loaded NPs, L-NPs losartan-loaded NPs, TAMs tumor-associated macrophages, TAFs tumor-associated fibroblasts, PD-L1 programmed death ligand 1, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha, TGF-β transforming growth factor beta, CD206/40/86 cluster of differentiation 206/40/86, α-SMA alpha-smooth muscle actin, MMPs matrix metalloproteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Ramzy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11511, Egypt
| | - Aya H Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11511, Egypt
| | - Sally I Hassanein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11511, Egypt
| | - Aya A Sebak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11511, Egypt.
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Liao M, Jian X, Zhao Y, Fu X, Wan M, Zheng W, Dong X, Zhou W, Zhao H. "Sandwich-like" structure electrostatic spun micro/nanofiber polylactic acid-polyvinyl alcohol-polylactic acid film dressing with metformin hydrochloride and puerarin for enhanced diabetic wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127223. [PMID: 37797847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
A diabetic wound is a typical chronic wound with a long repair process and poor healing effects. It is an effective way to promote diabetic wound healing to design electrospinning nanofiber films with drug-assisted therapy, good air permeability and, a multilayer functional structure. In this paper, a diabetic wound dressing with a "sandwich-like" structure was designed. Metformin hydrochloride, loaded in the hydrophilic PVA inner layer, could effectively promote diabetic wound healing. The drug release was slowed down by osmosis. The laminate film dressing had good mechanical properties, with tensile strength and elongation at break reaching 5.91 MPa and 90.47 %, respectively, which was close to human skin. The laminate film loaded with erythromycin and puerarin in the hydrophobic PLA outer layer had good antibacterial properties. In addition, due to the high specific surface of the electrostatic spun film, it exhibited high water vapor permeability. It facilitates the gas exchange between the wound and the outside world. The cell experiments proved that the laminate film dressing had good biocompatibility. There was no toxic side effect on cell proliferation. In the diabetic animal wound model, it was shown that the closure rate of diabetic wound repair by laminate film reached 91.11 % in the second week. Our results suggest that the "sandwich-like" nanofiber film dressing could effectively promote the healing process and meet the various requirements of diabetic wound dressing as a promising candidate for future clinical application of chronic wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjian Liao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xuewen Jian
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xuewei Fu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Meiling Wan
- Guangdong Yunzhao Biological Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Wenxu Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xianming Dong
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Wuyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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Kim DK, Park JY, Kang YJ, Khang D. Drug Repositioning of Metformin Encapsulated in PLGA Combined with Photothermal Therapy Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7267-7285. [PMID: 38090362 PMCID: PMC10711299 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s438388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly prevalent form of autoimmune disease that affects nearly 1% of the global population by causing severe cartilage damage and inflammation. Despite its prevalence, previous efforts to prevent the perpetuation of RA have been hampered by therapeutics' cytotoxicity and poor delivery to target cells. The present study exploited drug repositioning and nanotechnology to convert metformin, a widely used antidiabetic agent, into an anti-rheumatoid arthritis drug by designing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based spheres. Moreover, this study also explored the thermal responsiveness of the IL-22 receptor, a key regulator of Th-17, to incorporate photothermal therapy (PTT) into the nanodrug treatment. Materials and Methods PLGA nanoparticles were synthesized using the solvent evaporation method, and metformin and indocyanine green (ICG) were encapsulated in PLGA in a dropwise manner. The nanodrug's in vitro anti-inflammatory properties were examined in J744 and FLS via real-time PCR. PTT was induced by an 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser, and the anti-RA effects of the nanodrug with PTT were evaluated in DBA/1 collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice models. Further evaluation of anti-RA properties was carried out using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis. Results The encapsulation of metformin into PLGA allowed the nanodrug to enter the target cells via macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Metformin-encapsulated PLGA (PLGA-MET) demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4), and promoting the polarization of M1 to M2 macrophages in J774 cells. The treatment of the nanodrug with PTT exhibited more potent anti-inflammatory effects than free metformin or PLGA-MET in CIA mice models. Conclusion These results demonstrated that PLGA-encapsulated metformin treatment with PTT can effectively ameliorate inflammation in a spatiotemporal manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Kyu Kim
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, 04011, USA
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Jun Young Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Youn Joo Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, 01830, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
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Chauhan P, Paliwal H, Chauhan CS, Paliwal A. PLGA-based microspheres loaded with metformin hydrochloride: Modified double emulsion method preparation, optimization, characterization, and in vitro evaluation. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2023; 81:997-1006. [PMID: 37708992 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The modified solvent removal method was used to encapsulate metformin hydrochloride (MH) within poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres. The study investigated the effect of varying polymer concentrations on the loading and release of the drug from the microspheres. The encapsulation process involved using a double emulsion method, resulting in microspheres with particle diameters ranging from approximately 4.4μm to 2.7μm. The study achieved high encapsulation efficiencies, ranging from 81% to 90%, with drug loadings ranging from 18% to 11%. The release of the drug from the microspheres followed a biphasic pattern over 24 days, with nearly complete release by the end of the study period. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated that there were no notable differences between PLGA and MH-loaded microspheres, suggesting minimal interactions between MH and PLGA. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to investigate the state of the MH within the microspheres. The results suggested that the MH was dispersed at a molecular level within the spheres and existed in an amorphous state. This amorphous state of the drug may explain the slow and prolonged release observed in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chauhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Himanshu Paliwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, India
| | | | - Ankit Paliwal
- Pacific College of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Basheer HA, Alhusban MA, Zaid Alkilani A, Alshishani A, Elsalem L, Afarinkia K. Niosomal Delivery of Celecoxib and Metformin for Targeted Breast Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5004. [PMID: 37894371 PMCID: PMC10605450 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to be a prominent worldwide health concern and requires continued investigation into innovative therapeutic approaches. Here, we report the first investigation into the therapeutic efficacy of combining Metformin (MET) and Celecoxib (CXB), both in free and niosomal form, for the treatment of breast cancer. Our investigation encompassed the characterization of these niosomal drug carriers, their stability assessment, and their effect on breast cancer cell models. The thin-film hydration technique was employed to prepare niosomes with spherical, uniform-size distributions and high encapsulation efficiencies. The niosomes were characterized by TEM, particle size analyzer, and ATR-FTIR. The niosomes with an average size of 110.6 ± 0.6 and 96.7 ± 0.7, respectively, for MET and CXB were stable when stored at 4 °C for three months with minimal drug leakage, minor changes in encapsulation efficiency and size, and unchanged physicochemical parameters. Evaluation in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) viability assays demonstrated an increased cytotoxicity of encapsulated drugs when compared to their free-drug counterparts. Additionally, the combination of Metformin Niosomal Particles (MET NPs) and Celecoxib Niosomal Particles (CXB NPs) led to decreased cell viability in both 2D and 3D models compared to each drug administered individually. When comparing the effect of the niosomal versus the free combination of the drugs on cell migration, we found that both interventions effectively prevented cell migration. However, the efficacy of the niosomes' combination was not superior to that of the free drug combination (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study provide valuable insights into the potential application of combining MET and CXB nanoparticle delivery systems to breast cancer treatment. Exploring the in vivo application of this drug delivery system could open new avenues for more effective and targeted therapeutic approaches for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen A. Basheer
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Maram A. Alhusban
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Ahlam Zaid Alkilani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Anas Alshishani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Lina Elsalem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Kamyar Afarinkia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK;
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Salmani-Javan E, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Bonabi E, Zarghami N. Fabricating niosomal-PEG nanoparticles co-loaded with metformin and silibinin for effective treatment of human lung cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1193708. [PMID: 37664043 PMCID: PMC10471189 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1193708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite current therapies, lung cancer remains a global issue and requires the creation of novel treatment methods. Recent research has shown that biguanides such as metformin (MET) and silibinin (SIL) have a potential anticancer effect. As a consequence, the effectiveness of MET and SIL in combination against lung cancer cells was investigated in this study to develop an effective and novel treatment method. Methods Niosomal nanoparticles were synthesized via the thin-film hydration method, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques were used to evaluate their physico-chemical characteristics. The cytotoxic effects of free and drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs), as well as their combination, on A549 cells were assessed using the MTT assay. An apoptosis test was used while under the influence of medication to identify the molecular mechanisms behind programmed cell death. With the use of a cell cycle test, it was determined whether pharmaceutical effects caused the cell cycle to stop progressing. Additionally, the qRT-PCR technique was used to evaluate the levels of hTERT, BAX, and BCL-2 gene expression after 48-h medication treatment. Results In the cytotoxicity assay, the growth of A549 lung cancer cells was inhibited by both MET and SIL. Compared to the individual therapies, the combination of MET and SIL dramatically and synergistically decreased the IC50 values of MET and SIL in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, the combination of MET and SIL produced lower IC50 values and a better anti-proliferative effect on A549 lung cancer cells. Real-time PCR results showed that the expression levels of hTERT and BCL-2 were significantly reduced in lung cancer cell lines treated with MET and SIL compared to single treatments (p< 0.001). Conclusion It is anticipated that the use of nano-niosomal-formed MET and SIL would improve lung cancer treatment outcomes and improve the therapeutic efficiency of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Salmani-Javan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esat Bonabi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Sarkar K, Bank S, Chatterjee A, Dutta K, Das A, Chakraborty S, Paul N, Sarkar J, De S, Ghosh S, Acharyya K, Chattopadhyay D, Das M. Hyaluronic acid-graphene oxide quantum dots nanoconjugate as dual purpose drug delivery and therapeutic agent in meta-inflammation. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:246. [PMID: 37528408 PMCID: PMC10394801 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) predominantly considered a metabolic disease is now being considered an inflammatory disease as well due to the involvement of meta-inflammation. Obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation (ATI) is one of the earliest phenomena in the case of meta-inflammation, leading to the advent of insulin resistance (IR) and T2DM. The key events of ATI are orchestrated by macrophages, which aggravate the inflammatory state in the tissue upon activation, ultimately leading to systemic chronic low-grade inflammation and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) through the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines. The CD44 receptor on macrophages is overexpressed in ATI, NASH, and IR. Therefore, we developed a CD44 targeted Hyaluronic Acid functionalized Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots (GOQD-HA) nanocomposite for tissue-specific delivery of metformin. Metformin-loaded GOQD-HA (GOQD-HA-Met) successfully downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and restored antioxidant status at lower doses than free metformin in both palmitic acid-induced RAW264.7 cells and diet induced obese mice. Our study revealed that the GOQD-HA nanocarrier enhanced the efficacy of Metformin primarily by acting as a therapeutic agent apart from being a drug delivery platform. The therapeutic properties of GOQD-HA stem from both HA and GOQD having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties respectively. This study unravels the function of GOQD-HA as a targeted drug delivery option for metformin in meta-inflammation where the nanocarrier itself acts as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Sarbashri Bank
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Arindam Chatterjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Koushik Dutta
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Anwesha Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Santanu Chakraborty
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Nirvika Paul
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Jit Sarkar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Sriparna De
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Brainware University, Kolkata, 700129, India
| | - Sudakshina Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar College for Women, Kolkata, 700006, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharyya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Dipankar Chattopadhyay
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Madhusudan Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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