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Hassan MA, Shammi M, Tareq SM. The deciphering of microplastics-derived fluorescent dissolved organic matter in urban lakes, canals, and rivers using parallel factor analysis modeling and mimic experiment. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11041. [PMID: 38797514 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the leaching of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) from microplastics. In addition, this study identifies the connection between fDOM and microplastics in the aquatic environment. Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix identified five fluorophores, that is, peak A, M, T, Tuv, and Wuv, and the parallel factor analysis modeling identified five components, that is, tryptophan-like, p-hydroxy acetophenone, humic acid (C-like), detergent-like, and fulvic acid (M-like) in the urban surface water. Mimic experiments using commonly used synthetic plastic (like microplastics) in Mili-Q water under solar radiation and dark environments demonstrate the release of fDOM from plastic. Two fluorophore peaks were observed at Ex/Em = 250/302 nm and Ex/Em = 260/333 nm for the expanded polystyrene plastic polymer and one fluorophore peak at Ex/Em = 260/333 nm for the low-density polyethylene. Fluorophore and component intensity exhibited notable associations with microplastics in the aquatic environment. These findings indicated that the characteristics and dynamics of fDOM in urban surface water are influenced by microplastics. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Fluorescent dissolved organic matters were identified in urban surface waters. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) had shown two fluorophores at Em/Ex = 250/302 and Em/Ex = 260/333. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) had one fluorophore at Em/Ex = 260/333. Fluorophore and component intensity in the aquatic settings exhibited associations with microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anamul Hassan
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mashura Shammi
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shafi M Tareq
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Jannat JN, Islam ARMT, Mia MY, Pal SC, Biswas T, Jion MMMF, Islam MS, Siddique MAB, Idris AM, Khan R, Islam A, Kormoker T, Senapathi V. Using unsupervised machine learning models to drive groundwater chemistry and associated health risks in Indo-Bangla Sundarban region. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141217. [PMID: 38246495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater is an essential resource in the Sundarban regions of India and Bangladesh, but its quality is deteriorating due to anthropogenic impacts. However, the integrated factors affecting groundwater chemistry, source distribution, and health risk are poorly understood along the Indo-Bangla coastal border. The goal of this study is to assess groundwater chemistry, associated driving factors, source contributions, and potential non-carcinogenic health risks (PN-CHR) using unsupervised machine learning models such as a self-organizing map (SOM), positive matrix factorization (PMF), ion ratios, and Monte Carlo simulation. For the Sundarban part of Bangladesh, the SOM clustering approach yielded six clusters, while it yielded five for the Indian Sundarbans. The SOM results showed high correlations among Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+, indicating a common origin. In the Bangladesh Sundarbans, mixed water predominated in all clusters except for cluster 3, whereas in the Indian Sundarbans, Cl--Na+ and mixed water dominated in clusters 1 and 2, and both water types dominated the remaining clusters. Coupling of SOM, PMF, and ionic ratios identified rock weathering as a driving factor for groundwater chemistry. Clusters 1 and 3 were found to be influenced by mineral dissolution and geogenic inputs (overall contribution of 47.7%), while agricultural and industrial effluents dominated clusters 4 and 5 (contribution of 52.7%) in the Bangladesh Sundarbans. Industrial effluents and agricultural activities were associated with clusters 3, 4, and 5 (contributions of 29.5% and 25.4%, respectively) and geogenic sources (contributions of 23 and 22.1% in clusters 1 and 2) in Indian Sundarbans. The probabilistic health risk assessment showed that NO3- poses a higher PN-CHR risk to human health than F- and As, and that potential risk to children is more evident in the Bangladesh Sundarban area than in the Indian Sundarbans. Local authorities must take urgent action to control NO3- emissions in the Indo-Bangla Sundarbans region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatun Nahar Jannat
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh.
| | - Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh; Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Yousuf Mia
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh.
| | - Subodh Chandra Pal
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India.
| | - Tanmoy Biswas
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India.
| | | | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abu Bakar Siddique
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rahat Khan
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh.
| | - Aznarul Islam
- Department of Geography, Aliah University, 17 Gora Chand Road, Kolkata-700 014, India.
| | - Tapos Kormoker
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong.
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Niloy NM, Habib SA, Islam MI, Haque MM, Shammi M, Tareq SM. Distribution, characteristics and fate of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in the Bay of Bengal. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115467. [PMID: 37659388 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
The Bay of Bengal (BoB) is the largest sink to retain discharges from major rivers and the Sundarbans Mangrove Forest in Bangladesh and upholds significant ecological and resource diversity. This study aims to characterize, and identify sources, spatial dynamics, and the fate of the principal ecological web driver that is fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in the BoB using advanced techniques of excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and multivariate parallel factor (PARAFAC) analyses. The identified four protein-, two humic- and one detergent-like FDOM components mostly showed higher abundance in the shallow water than deep unlike a protein-like component. Such exceptional protein-like component was identified to form colloidal structure under elevated salinity in deep water. Autochthonous humic-like FDOM originated from primary production and water temperature counteracted microbial polymerization in shallow and deep water, respectively. The annual mass deposition indicated the influx of anthropogenic pollutants from both terrestrial and internal marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahin Mostofa Niloy
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sm Ahsan Habib
- Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO), Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Morshedul Haque
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Tejgaon, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Mashura Shammi
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Shafi M Tareq
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
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