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Rana N, Gupta P, Singh H, Nagarajan K. Role of Bioactive Compounds, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, and Polyherbal Formulations in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:353-385. [PMID: 37711009 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230914103714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that generally causes joint synovial inflammation as well as gradual cartilage and degenerative changes, resulting in progressive immobility. Cartilage destruction induces synovial inflammation, including synovial cell hyperplasia, increased synovial fluid, and synovial pane development. This phenomenon causes articular cartilage damage and joint alkalosis. Traditional medicinal system exerts their effect through several cellular mechanisms, including inhibition of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress suppression, cartilage degradation inhibition, increasing antioxidants and decreasing rheumatic biomarkers. The medicinal plants have yielded a variety of active constituents from various chemical categories, including alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, glycosides, volatile oils, flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, terpenes, sesquiterpene lactones, anthocyanins, and anthraquinones. This review sheds light on the utilization of medicinal plants in the treatment of RA. It explains various phytoconstituents present in medicinal plants and their mechanism of action against RA. It also briefs about the uses of polyherbal formulations (PHF), which are currently in the market and the toxicity associated with the use of medicinal plants and PHF, along with the limitations and research gaps in the field of PHF. This review paper is an attempt to understand various mechanistic approaches employed by several medicinal plants, their possible drug delivery systems and synergistic effects for curing RA with minimum side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rana
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Piyush Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, NCR Campus, Delhi-NCR Campus, Delhi-Meerut Road, Modinagar, 201204, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hridayanand Singh
- Dr. K. N. Modi Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Modinagar, 201204, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kandasamy Nagarajan
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ahmad AS, Sae-leaw T, Zhang B, Singh P, Kim JT, Benjakul S. Impact of Ethanolic Thai Indigenous Leaf Extracts on Melanosis Prevention and Shelf-Life Extension of Refrigerated Pacific White Shrimp. Foods 2023; 12:3649. [PMID: 37835302 PMCID: PMC10572463 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Shrimp has been known for its delicacy, but it undergoes rapid deterioration induced by biochemical and microbiological reactions. Melanosis is a major cause of discoloration associated with consumer rejection. All ethanolic extracts from different leaves including soursop, noni, and Jik leaves were dechlorophyllized via the "Green" sedimentation method before being used. The inhibitory activity against polyphenoloxidase (PPO) from Pacific white shrimp (Litopeneous vannamei) and the copper-chelating properties of varying extracts were compared. Soursop leaf extract (SLE) showed higher PPO inhibitory activity and copper-chelating ability than others (p < 0.05). Based on LC-MS, aempferol-3-O-rutinoside was identified as the most abundant compound, followed by catechin and neocholorigenic acid. The efficacy of SLE at different levels (0.25-1%) for inhibiting melanosis and preserving the quality of Pacific white shrimp was evaluated during refrigerated storage at 4 °C for 12 days in comparison with that of a 1.25% sodium metabisulfite (SMS)-treated sample. SLE at a level of 1% effectively retarded melanosis and bacterial growth, in which the total viable count did not exceed the microbial limit within 12 days. In addition, 1% SLE treatment impeded autolysis, reduced protein degradation and decomposition, and minimized lipid oxidation, as witnessed by the lower increases in pH, TVB-N, and TBARS values. Sensory evaluation indicated higher likeness scores and overall acceptability for SLE-1% and SMS-1.25% shrimps than those of the control and other samples. Therefore, SLE could be used as a natural alternative that effectively lowered the melanosis and quality loss of shrimp during refrigerated storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Saleh Ahmad
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.S.A.); (T.S.-l.)
| | - Thanasak Sae-leaw
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.S.A.); (T.S.-l.)
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China;
| | - Prabjeet Singh
- College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India;
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.S.A.); (T.S.-l.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
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Dubey VK, Madan S, Rajput SK, Singh AT, Jaggi M, Mittal AK. Single and repeated dose (28 days) intravenous toxicity assessment of bartogenic acid (an active pentacyclic triterpenoid) isolated from Barringtonia racemosa (L.) fruits in mice. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 3:100057. [PMID: 36504921 PMCID: PMC9731886 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartogenic acid (BA), an active pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been reported for anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-cancer, and anti-tumor activity. However, toxicity profiling of BA has not been reported till date. Hence, this study is designed to evaluate the single dose (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and repeated dose (1.5, 6, and 24 mg/kg) intravenous toxicity of BA in BALB/c mice. Control group received vehicle. In single dose toxicity study, two mortalities were observed at 100 mg/kg of BA whereas lower doses were well tolerated. In repeated dose toxicity study, no mortality was observed. 1.5 mg/kg of BA was well tolerated in mice of both sexes. At 6 mg/kg of BA, female mice showed significant reduction in the body weight as compared to the control group however no significant change was observed in male mice. 24 mg/kg of BA showed significant reduction in the body weight in mice of both sexes. Further, these mice showed significant change in the relative organ weight. However, no toxicologically relevant changes were observed in hematology, biochemistry, and histopathology. Based on the findings, No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) for BA were found to be<24 mg/kg for male mice and<6 mg/kg for female mice.
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Key Words
- AAALAC, Association For Assessment And Accreditation Of Laboratory Animal Care
- ALP, Alkaline Phosphatase
- ALT, Alanine Aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate Aminotransferase
- Acute
- BA, Bartogenic Acid
- BUN, Blood Urea Nitrogen
- Barringtonia racemosa
- Bartogenic acid
- FDA, Food And Drug Administration
- GLP, Good Laboratory Practice
- H&E, Hematoxylin–Eosin
- HCT, Hematocrit
- LC/MS, Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- MCH, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
- MCHC, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
- MCV, Mean Corpuscular Volume
- Mice
- NMR, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- NOAEL
- NOAEL, No Observed Adverse Effect Level
- OA, Oleanolic Acid
- OECD, Organization For Economic Co-Operation And Development
- RBC, Red Blood Cells Count
- RDW-CV, Red Cell Distribution Width - Coefficient Of Variation
- SEM, Standard Error Of The Mean
- TLC, Total Leukocyte Count
- Toxicity
- UA, Ursolic Acid
- UHPLC, Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- VLDL, Very Low Density Lipoprotein
- b.wt., Body Weight
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar Dubey
- Dabur Research Foundation, 22, Site IV, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Corresponding author at: Dabur Research Foundation, 22, Site IV, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Madan
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyendra K. Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Jagjeetpur, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anu T Singh
- Dabur Research Foundation, 22, Site IV, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manu Jaggi
- Dabur Research Foundation, 22, Site IV, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Mittal
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 322230 India
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