Jiang M, Zhang M, Howren M, Wang Y, Tan A, Balijepalli RC, Huizar JF, Tseng GN. JPH-2 interacts with Cai-handling proteins and ion channels in dyads: Contribution to premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy.
Heart Rhythm 2016;
13:743-52. [PMID:
26538326 PMCID:
PMC4762763 DOI:
10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.10.037]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
In a canine model of premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy (PVC-CM), Cav1.2 is downregulated and misplaced from transverse tubules (T tubules). Junctophilin-2 (JPH-2) is also downregulated.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to understand the role of JPH-2 in PVC-CM and to probe changes in other proteins involved in dyad structure and function.
METHODS
We quantify T-tubule contents (di-8-ANEPPS fluorescence in live myocytes), examine myocyte ultrastructures (electron microscopy), probe JPH-2-interacting proteins (co-immunoprecipitation), quantify dyad and nondyad protein levels (immunoblotting), and examine subcellular distributions of dyad proteins (immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy). We also test direct JPH-2 modulation of channel function (vs indirect modulation through dyad formation) using heterologous expression.
RESULTS
PVC myocytes have reduced T-tubule contents but otherwise normal ultrastructures. Among 19 proteins examined, only JPH-2, bridging integrator-1 (BIN-1), and Cav1.2 are highly downregulated in PVC hearts. However, statistical analysis indicates a general reduction in dyad protein levels when JPH-2 is downregulated. Furthermore, several dyad proteins, including Na/Ca exchanger, are missing or shifted from dyads to the peripheral surface in PVC myocytes. JPH-2 directly or indirectly interacts with Cai-handling proteins, Cav1.2 and KCNQ1, although not BIN-1 or other scaffolding proteins tested. Expression in mammalian cells that do not have dyads confirms direct JPH-2 modulation of the L-type Ca channel current (Cav1.2/voltage-gated Ca channel β subunit 2) and slow delayed rectifier current (KCNQ1/KCNE1).
CONCLUSION
JPH-2 is more than a "dyad glue": it can modulate Cai handling and ion channel function in the dyad region. Downregulation of JPH-2, BIN-1, and Cav1.2 plays a deterministic role in PVC-CM. Dissecting the hierarchical relationship among the three is necessary for the design of therapeutic interventions to prevent the progression of PVC-CM.
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