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Pazoki A, Dadfar S, Shadab A, Haghmorad D, Oksenych V. Soluble CD40 Ligand as a Promising Biomarker in Cancer Diagnosis. Cells 2024; 13:1267. [PMID: 39120299 PMCID: PMC11311304 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant challenge in medicine due to its complexity and heterogeneity. Biomarkers have emerged as vital tools for cancer research and clinical practice, facilitating early detection, prognosis assessment, and treatment monitoring. Among these, CD40 ligand (CD40L) has gained attention for its role in immune response modulation. Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) has shown promise as a potential biomarker in cancer diagnosis and progression, reflecting interactions between immune cells and the tumor microenvironment. This review explores the intricate relationship between sCD40L and cancer, highlighting its diagnostic and prognostic potential. It discusses biomarker discovery, emphasizing the need for reliable markers in oncology, and elucidates the roles of CD40L in inflammatory responses and interactions with tumor cells. Additionally, it examines sCD40L as a biomarker, detailing its significance across various cancer types and clinical applications. Moreover, the review focuses on therapeutic interventions targeting CD40L in malignancies, providing insights into cellular and gene therapy approaches and recombinant protein-based strategies. The clinical effectiveness of CD40L-targeted therapy is evaluated, underscoring the need for further research to unlock the full potential of this signaling pathway in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Pazoki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35147-99442, Iran
| | - Sepehr Dadfar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35147-99442, Iran
| | - Alireza Shadab
- Department of Health Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
| | - Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35147-99442, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35147-99442, Iran
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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Habel A, Weili X, Hadj Ahmed M, Stayoussef M, Bouaziz H, Ayadi M, Mezlini A, Larbi A, Yaacoubi-Loueslati B. Immune checkpoints as potential theragnostic biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2023; 38:203-213. [PMID: 37518940 DOI: 10.1177/03936155231186163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death associated with gynecologic tumors. EOC is asymptomatic in early stages, so most patients are not diagnosed until late stages, highlighting the need to develop new diagnostic biomarkers. Mediators of the tumoral microenvironment may influence EOC progression and resistance to treatment. AIM To analyze immune checkpoints to evaluate them as theranostic biomarkers for EOC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum levels of 16 immune checkpoints were determined in EOC patients and healthy controls using the MILLIPLEX MAP® Human Immuno-Oncology Checkpoint Protein Magnetic Bead Panel. RESULTS Seven receptors: BTLA, CD40, CD80/B7-1, GITRL, LAG-3, TIM-3, TLR-2 are differentially expressed between EOC and healthy controls. Serum levels of immune checkpoints in EOC patients are positively significantly correlated with levels of their ligands, with a higher significant correlation between CD80 and CTLA4 than between CD28 and CD80. Four receptors, CD40, HVEM, PD-1, and PD-L1, are positively associated with the development of resistance to Taxol-platinum-based chemotherapy. All of them have an acceptable area under the curve (>0.7). CONCLUSION This study has yielded a first panel of seven immune checkpoints (BTLA, CD40, CD80/B7-1, GITRL, LAG-3, TIM-3, TLR-2) associated with a higher risk of EOC and a second panel of four immune checkpoints (CD40, HVEM, PD-1, PD-L1) that may help physicians to identify EOC patients who are at high risk of developing resistance to EOC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Habel
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies, and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Xu Weili
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mariem Hadj Ahmed
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies, and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Stayoussef
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies, and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Mouna Ayadi
- Salah Azaiez Oncology Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Villepinte, France
| | - Basma Yaacoubi-Loueslati
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies, and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Habel A, Xu W, Hadj Ahmed M, Stayoussef M, Bouaziz H, Ayadi M, Mezlini A, Larbi A, Yaacoubi-Loueslati B. Identification of two theranostic biomarker panels for epithelial ovarian cancer. Cytokine 2023; 161:156051. [PMID: 36401984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial Ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death associated with gynecologic tumors. Because the disease is asymptomatic in early-stage, the majority of patients are not diagnosed until late stages, highlighting the need for the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers. Mediators of tumoral microenvironment may affect EOC progression and resistance to treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY Analysis of serum proteins to identify a panel of theranostic biomarkers for EOC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum levels of 65 analytes were determined in EOC patients, and healthy controls with the ProcartaPlex Human Immune Monitoring 65-Plex Panel. RESULTS Twenty-one analytes: 7 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-18 and TSLP), 7 chemokines (Eotaxin, eotaxin-2, IP-10, BLC, I-TAC, SDF-1α, and fractalkine), 2 growth factors (MMP-1, VEGF-α), and 5 soluble receptors (APRIL, CD40L, TWEAK, CD30 and TNFRII; were significantly differentially expressed between the two groups. ROC curves showed that only seven of them (IL-9, TNF-α, Eotaxin, IP-10, BLC, Fractalkine, and Tweak) had AUC values greater than 0.70 and thus had potential clinical utility. Moreover, five cytokines: IFN-γ, IL-1 β, IL-8, MIP-1β, and TNF-α are positively associated with patients who developed resistance to taxol-platinum-based chemotherapy (CT). CONCLUSION This study has revealed a first panel of 7 analytes (IL-9, TNF-α, Eotaxin, IP-10, BLC, Fractalkine and Tweak) that can be used for early detection of EOC and a second panel of five cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-8, MIP-1β, TNF-α) that can help clinicians to identify EOC patients who are at higher risk to develop resistance to CT of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Habel
- University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST), Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), Tunisia
| | - Weili Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Mariem Hadj Ahmed
- University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST), Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), Tunisia
| | - Mouna Stayoussef
- University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST), Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), Tunisia
| | - Hanen Bouaziz
- Salah Azaiez Oncology Institute, Avenue 9 April, 1006, Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ayadi
- Salah Azaiez Oncology Institute, Avenue 9 April, 1006, Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Mezlini
- Salah Azaiez Oncology Institute, Avenue 9 April, 1006, Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Villepinte 93420, France
| | - Basma Yaacoubi-Loueslati
- University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST), Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), Tunisia.
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Changes in the Concentration of Markers Participating in the Regulation of the Apoptosis Receptor Pathway Involving Soluble Tumour Necrosis Factor Ligand inducing Apoptosis (sTRAIL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the Serum of Women with Ovarian Cancer-Participation in Pathogenesis or a Possible Clinical Use? Cells 2020; 9:cells9030612. [PMID: 32143328 PMCID: PMC7140464 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells, the most interesting target for clinical research is the tumour necrosis factor ligand inducing apoptosis (TRAIL), which binds specific receptors, including osteoprotegerin (OPG). The aim of the study was to analyse the concentration of soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) and OPG in the serum of women with serous or mucinous ovarian cancer, taking into account different levels of cancer histological differentiation. The group included 97 women with the diagnosed Cystadenocarcinoma papillare serosum IIIc and Cystadenocarcinoma mucinosum IIIc. Concentrations of parameters were measured by ELISA. Analysis of the obtained results showed a statistically significantly higher concentration of sTRAIL and OPG in the serum of women with ovarian serous and mucinous cancer compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). Statistical significance was found between sTRAIL and OPG concentration in G1 and G3 serous cancer (p < 0.01) and in OPG mucinous cancer between G1 and G3 (p < 0.01) and G2 and G3 (p < 0.01). An important role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is played by disorders of the apoptosis process involving the sTRAIL/OPG system, which are associated with the histological type and the degree of histological differentiation of the tumour. Determining the concentration of tested parameters in combination with other markers may be useful in the future in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, but that requires further research.
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Chen YF, Wang YH, Lei CS, Changou CA, Davis ME, Yen Y. Host immune response to anti-cancer camptothecin conjugated cyclodextrin-based polymers. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:85. [PMID: 31647037 PMCID: PMC6806548 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Efficacy and safety are critical concerns when designing drug carriers. Nanoparticles are a particular type of carrier that has gained recent attention in cancer therapeutics. Methods In this study, we assess the safety profile of IT-101, a nanoparticle formed by self-assembly of camptothecin (CPT) conjugated cyclodextrin-based polymers. IT-101 delivers CPT to target cancer cells in animal models of numerous human cancers and in humans. Previous data from preclinical and clinical trials indicate that IT-101 has no notable immunological side effects. However, there have been no published studies focused on evaluating the effects of IT-101 on host immune systems. Results In this work, we demonstrate that IT-101 diminished initial host immune response following first injection of the nanopharmaceutical and induced NK cell activation and T cell proliferation upon further IT-101 exposure. Additionally, IT-101 could attenuate tumor growth more efficiently than CPT treatment only. Conclusions Drugs administration in whole-body circulation may lead to poorly bioavailable in central nervous system and often has toxic effects on peripheral tissues. Conjugated with cyclodextrin-based polymers not only reduce adverse effects but also modulate the immune responses to elevate drug efficacy. These immune responses may potentially facilitate actions of immune blockage, such as PD1/PDL1 in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsin Wang
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cing-Syuan Lei
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun A Changou
- Ph.D. Program of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrated Laboratory, Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.,Core Facility, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mark E Davis
- Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Yun Yen
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Integrated Laboratory, Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cancer Center, Taipei Municipal WanFang Hospital, 11696, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Boylan KLM, Geschwind K, Koopmeiners JS, Geller MA, Starr TK, Skubitz APN. A multiplex platform for the identification of ovarian cancer biomarkers. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:34. [PMID: 29051715 PMCID: PMC5634875 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, there are no FDA approved screening tools for detecting early stage ovarian cancer in the general population. Development of a biomarker-based assay for early detection would significantly improve the survival of ovarian cancer patients.
Methods We used a multiplex approach to identify protein biomarkers for detecting early stage ovarian cancer. This new technology (Proseek® Multiplex Oncology Plates) can simultaneously measure the expression of 92 proteins in serum based on a proximity extension assay. We analyzed serum samples from 81 women representing healthy, benign pathology, early, and advanced stage serous ovarian cancer patients.
Results Principle component analysis and unsupervised hierarchical clustering separated patients into cancer versus non-cancer subgroups. Data from the Proseek® plate for CA125 levels exhibited a strong correlation with current clinical assays for CA125 (correlation coefficient of 0.89, 95% CI 0.83, 0.93). CA125 and HE4 were present at very low levels in healthy controls and benign cases, while higher levels were found in early stage cases, with highest levels found in the advanced stage cases. Overall, significant trends were observed for 38 of the 92 proteins (p < 0.001), many of which are novel candidate serum biomarkers for ovarian cancer. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for CA125 was 0.98 and the AUC for HE4 was 0.85 when comparing early stage ovarian cancer versus healthy controls. In total, 23 proteins had an estimated AUC of 0.7 or greater. Using a naïve Bayes classifier that combined 12 proteins, we improved the sensitivity corresponding to 95% specificity from 93 to 95% when compared to CA125 alone. Although small, a 2% increase would have a significant effect on the number of women correctly identified when screening a large population. Conclusions These data demonstrate that the Proseek® technology can replicate the results established by conventional clinical assays for known biomarkers, identify new candidate biomarkers, and improve the sensitivity and specificity of CA125 alone. Additional studies using a larger cohort of patients will allow for validation of these biomarkers and lead to the development of a screening tool for detecting early stage ovarian cancer in the general population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12014-017-9169-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L M Boylan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MMC 395, 420 Delaware Street, S.E, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.,Ovarian Cancer Early Detection Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Kate Geschwind
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MMC 395, 420 Delaware Street, S.E, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.,Ovarian Cancer Early Detection Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Joseph S Koopmeiners
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Melissa A Geller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Timothy K Starr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Amy P N Skubitz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MMC 395, 420 Delaware Street, S.E, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.,Ovarian Cancer Early Detection Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
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Bachsais M, Naddaf N, Yacoub D, Salti S, Alaaeddine N, Aoudjit F, Hassan GS, Mourad W. The Interaction of CD154 with the α5β1 Integrin Inhibits Fas-Induced T Cell Death. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158987. [PMID: 27391025 PMCID: PMC4938623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD154, a critical regulator of the immune response, is usually associated with chronic inflammatory, autoimmune diseases as well as malignant disorders. In addition to its classical receptor CD40, CD154 is capable of binding other receptors, members of the integrin family, the αIIbβ3, αMβ2 and α5β1. Given the role attributed to integrins and particularly the β1 integrins in inhibiting apoptotic events in normal as well as malignant T cells, we were highly interested in investigating the role of the CD154/α5β1 interaction in promoting survival of malignant T cells contributing as such to tumor development and/or propagation. To support our hypothesis, we first show that soluble CD154 binds to the T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, Jurkat E6.1 in a α5β1-dependent manner. Binding of soluble CD154 to α5β1 integrin of Jurkat cells leads to the activation of key survival proteins, including the p38 and ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI-3K), and Akt. Interestingly, soluble CD154 significantly inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis in T cell leukemia-lymphoma cell lines, Jurkat E6.1 and HUT78 cells, an important hallmark of T cell survival during malignancy progression. These anti-apoptotic effects were mainly mediated by the activation of the PI-3K/Akt pathway but also involved the p38 and the ERK1/2 MAPKs cascades. Our data also demonstrated that the CD154-triggered inhibition of the Fas-mediated cell death response was dependent on a suppression of caspase-8 cleavage, but independent of de novo protein synthesis or alterations in Fas expression on cell surface. Together, our results highlight the impact of the CD154/α5β1 interaction in T cell function/survival and identify novel targets for the treatment of malignant disorders, particularly of T cell origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Bachsais
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Room 10-482, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadim Naddaf
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Room 10-482, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Yacoub
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Room 10-482, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Suzanne Salti
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Room 10-482, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nada Alaaeddine
- Department of Pathology, 11-5076, Faculty of Medicine, St Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fawzi Aoudjit
- Centre de recherche en immunologie et rhumatologie, CHUL, 2705, Boul Laurier, QC, Canada
| | - Ghada S. Hassan
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Room 10-482, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Walid Mourad
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Room 10-482, Montréal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Elevated Serum Levels of Soluble CD30 in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients and Its Association with Disease Severity-Related Parameters. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:617282. [PMID: 26273636 PMCID: PMC4529931 DOI: 10.1155/2015/617282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soluble CD30 (sCD30), a transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, has been shown to be associated with various pathological conditions. This study was designed to measure the levels of serum sCD30 in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to evaluate the relationships between serum sCD30 levels and other disease severity-related indexes, including bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS), and bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI). Our results demonstrated significantly elevated sCD30 levels in AS patients compared to healthy controls (HCs) with mean values of 32.0 ± 12.2 and 24.9 ± 8.0 ng/mL, respectively (P** = 0.007), suggesting a potential role of sCD30 in the pathogenesis of AS. However, no significant correlations of sCD30 with BASDAI, ASDAS, or BASFI were detected in our study (P > 0.05). Therefore, sCD30 cannot be used as a reliable marker for reflecting disease activity and functional ability of AS patients.
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Hassan GS, Stagg J, Mourad W. Role of CD154 in cancer pathogenesis and immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:431-40. [PMID: 25843228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Many factors and molecules have been investigated as potential players in the pathogenesis or immunosurveillance of cancer. Among these, CD154 has been recognized as a co-stimulatory molecule with high potential for treating cancer, in addition to its contribution in the development of the disease. CD154 was initially described for its pivotal role in T cell-dependent humoral responses via an interaction with its classical receptor, CD40. Subsequent studies showed that CD154 is also implicated in cell-mediated immunity and inflammation via an interaction with CD40 alone or in combination with newly identified receptors, members of the integrin family, leading to the development of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In the current article, we present an overview of the role of CD154 as a potential etiological factor in tumors inducing proliferation of malignant cells, their rescue from apoptosis and their invasiveness. In addition, this review describes the immuno-regulatory functions of CD154 against cancer reflected by its stimulation of antigen-presenting cells and the subsequent activation of effector cells, its enhancement of malignant cells' immunogenicity, its modulation of immune settings around tumors, and its initiation of proliferation inhibiting effects in malignant cells. In vitro as well as in vivo studies are outlined and a particular attention is given to clinical studies and progress reached at this point. Findings reviewed herein will improve our knowledge of the role of the CD154 system in cancers from causative to immunotherapeutic functions, paving the way for the identification of new targets for prevention and/or treatment of malignant disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada S Hassan
- Centre de Recherche-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Walid Mourad
- Centre de Recherche-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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Zhang ZM, Yang XM, Zhang C, Zhang MJ, Li X, Zhang FH, Kang S, Wang SJ, Shan BE. Antitumor effects and mechanisms of dendritic cells stimulated by sCD40L on ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:503-15. [PMID: 23671392 PMCID: PMC3649858 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s40504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine the expression of immune suppression factors and the mechanisms of antitumor effects of cord blood dendritic cells (DCs) stimulated by soluble cluster of differentiation 40 ligand (sCD40L) and cytokines in vitro in ovarian cancer patients. Methods The expression levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β messenger RNA in peripheral blood were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; expression levels of CD80 and CD86 in DCs stimulated by sCD40L were detected using flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results Expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β genes in the peripheral blood of ovarian cancer patients were significantly increased compared with patients with benign ovarian tumors (P < 0.05). The expression levels of CD80 and CD86 in DCs cultured in the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor + IL-4 + stem cell factor + Flt-3 ligand + sCD40L group were significantly increased compared with those in the control group, as assessed by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (P < 0.05). Conclusion A variety of cytokines in combination with sCD40L can promote the proliferation of cord blood-derived DCs and induce their maturation as well as stimulating a specific antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Mao Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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