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O'Neil TR, Harman AN, Cunningham AL, Nasr N, Bertram KM. OMIP-096: A 24-color flow cytometry panel to identify and characterize CD4+ and CD8+ tissue-resident T cells in human skin, intestinal, and type II mucosal tissue. Cytometry A 2023; 103:851-856. [PMID: 37772977 PMCID: PMC10953338 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
There is a great need to understand human immune cells within tissue, where disease manifests and infection occurs. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) were discovered over a decade ago, there is a great need to understand their role in human disease. We developed a 24-color flow cytometry panel to comprehensively interrogate CD4+ and CD8+ TRMs isolated from human tissues. When interrogating cells within human tissue, enzymatic methods used to liberate cells from within the tissue can cause cleavage of cell surface markers needed to phenotype these cells. Here we carefully select antibody clones and evaluate the effect of enzymatic digestion on the expression of markers relevant to the identification of T cell residency, as well as markers relevant to the activation and immunoregulation status of these cells. We have designed this panel to be applicable across a range of human tissues including skin, intestine, and type II mucosae such as the vagina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. O'Neil
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchWestmeadAustralia
- The Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Andrew N. Harman
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchWestmeadAustralia
- The Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Anthony L. Cunningham
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchWestmeadAustralia
- The Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Najla Nasr
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchWestmeadAustralia
- The Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Kirstie M. Bertram
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchWestmeadAustralia
- The Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
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Le TTT, Berg NK, Harting MT, Li X, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. Purinergic Signaling in Pulmonary Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1633. [PMID: 31379836 PMCID: PMC6646739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purine nucleotides and nucleosides are at the center of biologic reactions. In particular, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the fundamental energy currency of cellular activity and adenosine has been demonstrated to play essential roles in human physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we examine the role of purinergic signaling in acute and chronic pulmonary inflammation, with emphasis on ATP and adenosine. ATP is released into extracellular space in response to cellular injury and necrosis. It is then metabolized to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) via ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39) and further hydrolyzed to adenosine via ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Adenosine signals via one of four adenosine receptors to exert pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. Adenosine signaling is terminated by intracellular transport by concentrative or equilibrative nucleoside transporters (CNTs and ENTs), deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase (ADA), or phosphorylation back into AMP via adenosine kinase (AK). Pulmonary inflammatory and hypoxic conditions lead to increased extracellular ATP, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine levels, which translates to increased adenosine signaling. Adenosine signaling is central to the pulmonary injury response, leading to various effects on inflammation, repair and remodeling processes that are either tissue-protective or tissue destructive. In the acute setting, particularly through activation of adenosine 2A and 2B receptors, adenosine signaling serves an anti-inflammatory, tissue-protective role. However, excessive adenosine signaling in the chronic setting promotes pro-inflammatory, tissue destructive effects in chronic pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Thuy T. Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nathaniel K. Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Matthew T. Harting
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Aliagas E, Muñoz-Esquerre M, Cuevas E, Careta O, Huertas D, López-Sánchez M, Escobar I, Dorca J, Santos S. Is the purinergic pathway involved in the pathology of COPD? Decreased lung CD39 expression at initial stages of COPD. Respir Res 2018; 19:103. [PMID: 29807526 PMCID: PMC5972409 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is up-regulated in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), resulting in increased inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and cough. Although extracellular ATP levels are tightly controlled by nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1; also known as CD39) in the lungs, the role of CD39 in the pathology of COPD is unknown. We hypothesized that alterations in the expression and activity of CD39 could be part of the mechanisms for initiating and perpetuating the disease. METHODS We analyzed CD39 gene and protein expression as well as ATPase enzyme activity in lung tissue samples of patients with COPD (n = 17), non-obstructed smokers (NOS) (n = 16), and never smokers (NS) (n = 13). Morphometry studies were performed to analyze pulmonary vascular remodeling. RESULTS There was significantly decreased CD39 gene expression in the lungs of the COPD group (1.17 [0.85-1.81]) compared with the NOS group (1.88 [1.35-4.41]) and NS group (3.32 [1.23-5.39]) (p = 0.037). This attenuation correlated with higher systemic inflammation and intimal thickening of muscular pulmonary arteries in the COPD group. Lung CD39 protein levels were also lower in the COPD group (0.34 [0.22-0.92]) compared with the NOS group (0.67 [0.32-1.06]) and NS group (0.95 [0.4-1.1) (p = 0.133). Immunohistochemistry showed that CD39 was downregulated in lung parenchyma, epithelial bronchial cells, and the endothelial cells of pulmonary muscular arteries in the COPD group. ATPase activity in human pulmonary structures was reduced in the lungs of patients with COPD. CONCLUSION An attenuation of CD39 expression and activity is presented in lung tissue of stable COPD patients, which could lead to pulmonary ATP accumulation, favoring the development of pulmonary inflammation and emphysema. This may be a mechanism underlying the development of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Aliagas
- Pneumology Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana Muñoz-Esquerre
- Pneumology Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Cuevas
- Pneumology Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Careta
- Pneumology Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Huertas
- Pneumology Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta López-Sánchez
- Pneumology Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Escobar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Dorca
- Pneumology Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salud Santos
- Pneumology Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Research Network in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bellvitge University Hospital - IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, c/ Feixa Llarga s/n. CP 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
As the rate-limiting enzyme in ATP/ADP–AMP–adenosine pathway, CD39 would be a novel checkpoint inhibitor target in preventing adenosine-triggered immune-suppressive effect. In addition, CD39hi Tregs, but not CD25hi Tregs, exhibit sustained Foxp3 levels and functional abilities, indicating it could represent a new specific marker of Tregs. Similarly, inhibition of CD39 enzymatic function at the surface of tumor cells alleviates their immunosuppressive activity. Far from conclusive, present research revealed that CD39 also dephosphorylated and thus inactivated self- and pathogen-associated phosphoantigens of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, which may be the most promising subpopulation for cellular vaccine. CD39 is also tightly related to Th17 cells and can be regarded as a Th17 cells marker. In this review, we focus on present research of CD39 ectoenzyme and provide insights into its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Bo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pediatric Diseases, and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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