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Burt KG, Scanzello CR. B cells in osteoarthritis: simply a sign or a target for therapy? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1148-1151. [PMID: 37328048 PMCID: PMC10680778 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Burt
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Carla R Scanzello
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Sun C, Zhou X, Guo T, Meng J. The immune role of the intestinal microbiome in knee osteoarthritis: a review of the possible mechanisms and therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1168818. [PMID: 37388748 PMCID: PMC10306395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1168818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage damage and synovial inflammation and carries an enormous public health and economic burden. It is crucial to uncover the potential mechanisms of OA pathogenesis to develop new targets for OA treatment. In recent years, the pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in OA has been well recognized. Gut microbiota dysbiosis can break host-gut microbe equilibrium, trigger host immune responses and activate the "gut-joint axis", which aggravates OA. However, although the role of the gut microbiota in OA is well known, the mechanisms modulating the interactions between the gut microbiota and host immunity remain unclear. This review summarizes research on the gut microbiota and the involved immune cells in OA and interprets the potential mechanisms for the interactions between the gut microbiota and host immune responses from four aspects: gut barrier, innate immunity, adaptive immunity and gut microbiota modulation. Future research should focus on the specific pathogen or the specific changes in the gut microbiota composition to identify the related signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of OA. In addition, future studies should include more novel interventions on immune cell modifications and gene regulation of specific gut microbiota related to OA to validate the application of gut microbiota modulation in the onset of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Tu B, Fang R, Zhu Z, Chen G, Peng C, Ning R. Comprehensive analysis of arachidonic acid metabolism-related genes in diagnosis and synovial immune in osteoarthritis: based on bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:955-970. [PMID: 36995411 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of degenerative-related arthritis, which can be aggravated by low-grade synovitis. It is known that arachidonic acid (AA) dysmetabolism brings OA synovitis. However, the impact of synovial AA metabolism pathway (AMP) related genes on OA remains uncovered. METHODS Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to explore the impact of AA metabolism genes in OA synovium. We obtained transcriptome expression profiles from three raw datasets related to OA synovium (GSE12021, GSE29746, GSE55235) and identified the hub genes of AA metabolism pathways (AMP) in OA synovium. An OA occurrence diagnostic model was constructed and validated based on the identified hub genes. Then, we explored the correlation between hub gene expression and the immune-related module using CIBERSORT and MCP-counter analysis. The unsupervised consensus clustering analysis and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were utilized to identify robust clusters of identified genes in each cohort. Moreover, the interaction between the hub genes of AMP and immune cells was elucidated through single-cell RNA (scRNA) analysis by scRNA sequencing data from GSE152815. RESULTS We found that the expression of AMP-related genes was up-regulated in OA synovium, and seven hub genes (LTC4S, PTGS2, PTGS1, MAPKAPK2, CBR1, PTGDS, and CYP2U1) were identified. The diagnostic model that combined the identified hub genes showed great clinical validity in diagnosing OA (AUC = 0.979). Moreover, significant associations were noticed between the hub genes' expression, immune cell infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine levels. The 30 OA patients were randomized and clustered into three groups using WGCNA analysis based on the hub genes, and diverse immune status was found in different clusters. Of interest, older patients were more likely to be classified into a cluster with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and less infiltration of immune cells. Based on the scRNA-sequencing data, we found that the hub genes had relatively higher expression in macrophages and B cells than other immune cells. Moreover, inflammation-related pathways were significantly enriched in macrophages. CONCLUSION These results suggest that AMP-related genes are closely involved in alterations of OA synovial inflammation. The transcriptional level of hub genes could serve as a potential diagnostic marker for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizhi Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Hefei, 390 Huaihe Road, Hefei, 230061, Anhui, China
| | - Run Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Hefei, 390 Huaihe Road, Hefei, 230061, Anhui, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Hefei, 390 Huaihe Road, Hefei, 230061, Anhui, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Hefei, 390 Huaihe Road, Hefei, 230061, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Hefei, 390 Huaihe Road, Hefei, 230061, Anhui, China
| | - Rende Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Hefei, 390 Huaihe Road, Hefei, 230061, Anhui, China.
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4
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Zhang Q, Sun C, Liu X, Zhu C, Ma C, Feng R. Mechanism of immune infiltration in synovial tissue of osteoarthritis: a gene expression-based study. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:58. [PMID: 36681837 PMCID: PMC9862811 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease, and increasing evidences suggest that the pathogenic mechanism involves immune system and inflammation. AIMS The aim of current study was to uncover hub genes linked to immune infiltration in osteoarthritis synovial tissue using comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and experimental confirmation. METHODS Multiple microarray datasets (GSE55457, GSE55235, GSE12021 and GSE1919) for osteoarthritis in Gene Expression Omnibus database were downloaded for analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using Limma package in R software, and immune infiltration was evaluated by CIBERSORT algorithm. Then weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to uncover immune infiltration-associated gene modules. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to select the hub genes, and the tissue distribution of these genes was analyzed using BioGPS database. Finally, the expression pattern of these genes was confirmed by RT-qPCR using clinical samples. RESULTS Totally 181 DEGs between osteoarthritis and normal control were screened. Macrophages, mast cells, memory CD4 T cells and B cells accounted for the majority of immune cell composition in synovial tissue. Osteoarthritis synovial showed high abundance of infiltrating resting mast cells, B cells memory and plasma cells. WGCNA screened 93 DEGs related to osteoarthritis immune infiltration. These genes were involved in TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, response to steroid hormone, glucocorticoid and corticosteroid. Ten hub genes including MYC, JUN, DUSP1, NFKBIA, VEGFA, ATF3, IL-6, PTGS2, IL1B and SOCS3 were selected by using PPI network. Among them, four genes (MYC, JUN, DUSP1 and NFKBIA) specifically expressed in immune system were identified and clinical samples revealed consistent change of these four genes in synovial tissue retrieved from patients with osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION A 4-gene-based diagnostic model was developed, which had well predictive performance in osteoarthritis. MYC, JUN, DUSP1 and NFKBIA might be biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Road Jing Wu Wei Qi, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - Chao Sun
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Road Jing Wu Wei Qi, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - Xuchang Liu
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Road Jing Wu Wei Qi, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - Chao Zhu
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Road Jing Wu Wei Qi, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - Chuncheng Ma
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Road Jing Wu Wei Qi, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - Rongjie Feng
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Road Jing Wu Wei Qi, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
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5
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Nedunchezhiyan U, Varughese I, Sun AR, Wu X, Crawford R, Prasadam I. Obesity, Inflammation, and Immune System in Osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907750. [PMID: 35860250 PMCID: PMC9289681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity remains the most important risk factor for the incidence and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The leading cause of OA was believed to be overloading the joints due to excess weight which in turn leads to the destruction of articular cartilage. However, recent studies have proved otherwise, various other factors like adipose deposition, insulin resistance, and especially the improper coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses may lead to the initiation and progression of obesity-associated OA. It is becoming increasingly evident that multiple inflammatory cells are recruited into the synovial joint that serves an important role in pathological changes in the synovial joint. Polarization of macrophages and macrophage-produced mediators are extensively studied and linked to the inflammatory and destructive responses in the OA synovium and cartilage. However, the role of other major innate immune cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of OA has not been fully evaluated. Although cells of the adaptive immune system contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-induced OA is still under exploration, a quantity of literature indicates OA synovium has an enriched population of T cells and B cells compared with healthy control. The interplay between a variety of immune cells and other cells that reside in the articular joints may constitute a vicious cycle, leading to pathological changes of the articular joint in obese individuals. This review addresses obesity and the role of all the immune cells that are involved in OA and summarised animal studies and human trials and knowledge gaps between the studies have been highlighted. The review also touches base on the interventions currently in clinical trials, different stages of the testing, and their shortcomings are also discussed to understand the future direction which could help in understanding the multifactorial aspects of OA where inflammation has a significant function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udhaya Nedunchezhiyan
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ibin Varughese
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antonia RuJia Sun
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ross Crawford
- Orthopedic Department, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Indira Prasadam
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Indira Prasadam,
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6
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Zhang H, Jing S, Wang X, Yang C, Liu X, Yang T. Effects of ACE2/GHRL Axis on Proliferation, Apoptosis and Inflammatory Factor Levels of Synovial Cells in Osteoarthritis. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the effects of ACE2/GHRL on the proliferation and apoptosis of synovial cells in osteoarthritis (OA). 20 healthy mice were randomly assigned into blank group and experimental group (ACE2 was knocked down). In addition, 30 mice were subdivided into 3 group (n
= 10) and treated with saline solution, GHRL (auxin), and GHRL+CHPAA (Auxin inhibitor) followed by analysis of synovial cell proliferation, apoptosis and inflammatory factor level by Western blot analysis, MTT and flow cytometry. Experimental group exhibited decreased cell proliferation, increased
apoptosis upon silencing of ACE2 (p < 0.05) along with elevated expressions of Caspase3 and Bax protein and decreased Bcl-2, inflammatory factors and the GHRL level (p < 0.05). Treatment with GHRL increased cell proliferation cells and decreased apoptosis. Meanwhile, Bcl-2
expression and IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in GHRL group were significantly lower than other two groups whilst Caspase-3 and Bax level was significantly higher (p < 0.05). After CHPAA treatment, ACE2 expression in CHPAA group was dramatically declined (p < 0.01).
In conclusion, ACE2/GHRL might alleviate OA progression through regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation of synoviocytes, providing insight into a therapeutic target for treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Shangfei Jing
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010000, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Special Hospital Ward, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, China
| | - Chenyuan Yang
- People’s Hospital Affiliated to Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010000, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010000, China
| | - Tieyi Yang
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010000, China
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7
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van Helvoort E, van der Heijden E, van Roon J, Eijkelkamp N, Mastbergen S. The Role of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-10 in Osteoarthritic Joint Disease: A Systematic Narrative Review. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035221098167. [PMID: 35549461 PMCID: PMC9251827 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221098167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A fusion protein of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 (IL4-10 FP) was developed as a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD), and chondroprotection, anti-inflammation, and analgesia have been suggested. To better understand the mechanisms behind its potential as DMOAD, this systematic narrative review aims to assess the potential of IL-4, IL-10 and the combination of IL-4 and IL-10 for the treatment of osteoarthritis. It describes the chondroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects of IL-4, IL-10, and IL4-10 FP. DESIGN PubMed and Embase were searched for publications that were published from 1990 until May 21, 2021 (moment of search). Key search terms were: Osteoarthritis, Interleukin-4, and Interleukin-10. This yielded 2,479 hits, of which 43 were included in this review. RESULTS IL-4 and IL-10 showed mainly protective effects on osteoarthritic cartilage in vitro and in vivo, as did IL4-10 FP. Both cytokines showed anti-inflammatory effects, but also proinflammatory effects. Only in vitro IL4-10 FP showed purely anti-inflammatory effects, indicating that proinflammatory effects of one cytokine can be counteracted by the other when given as a combination. Only a few studies investigated the analgesic effects of IL-4, IL-10 or IL4-10 FP. In vitro, IL-4 and IL4-10 FP were able to decrease pain mediators. In vivo, IL-4, IL-10, and IL4-10 FP were able to reduce pain. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this review describes overlapping, but also different modes of action for the DMOAD effects of IL-4 and IL-10, giving an explanation for the synergistic effects found when applied as combination, as is the case for IL4-10 FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.M. van Helvoort
- Department of Rheumatology &
Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,E.M. van Helvoort, Department of
Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Postbus
85500, Internal Mail No. G02.232, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - E. van der Heijden
- Department of Rheumatology &
Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J.A.G. van Roon
- Department of Rheumatology &
Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center of Translational Immunology, UMC
Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N. Eijkelkamp
- Center of Translational Immunology, UMC
Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S.C. Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology &
Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Li M, Yin H, Yan Z, Li H, Wu J, Wang Y, Wei F, Tian G, Ning C, Li H, Gao C, Fu L, Jiang S, Chen M, Sui X, Liu S, Chen Z, Guo Q. The immune microenvironment in cartilage injury and repair. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:23-42. [PMID: 34896634 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of articular cartilage to repair itself is limited because it lacks blood vessels, nerves, and lymph tissue. Once damaged, it can lead to joint swelling and pain, accelerating the progression of osteoarthritis. To date, complete regeneration of hyaline cartilage exhibiting mechanical properties remains an elusive goal, despite the many available technologies. The inflammatory milieu created by cartilage damage is critical for chondrocyte death and hypertrophy, extracellular matrix breakdown, ectopic bone formation, and progression of cartilage injury to osteoarthritis. In the inflammatory microenvironment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergo aberrant differentiation, and chondrocytes begin to convert or dedifferentiate into cells with a fibroblast phenotype, thereby resulting in fibrocartilage with poor mechanical qualities. All these factors suggest that inflammatory problems may be a major stumbling block to cartilage repair. To produce a milieu conducive to cartilage repair, multi-dimensional management of the joint inflammatory microenvironment in place and time is required. Therefore, this calls for elucidation of the immune microenvironment of cartilage repair after injury. This review provides a brief overview of: (1) the pathogenesis of cartilage injury; (2) immune cells in cartilage injury and repair; (3) effects of inflammatory cytokines on cartilage repair; (4) clinical strategies for treating cartilage defects; and (5) strategies for targeted immunoregulation in cartilage repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Immune response is increasingly considered the key factor affecting cartilage repair. It has both negative and positive regulatory effects on the process of regeneration and repair. Proinflammatory factors are secreted in large numbers, and necrotic cartilage is removed. During the repair period, immune cells can secrete anti-inflammatory factors and chondrogenic cytokines, which can inhibit inflammation and promote cartilage repair. However, inflammatory factors persist, which accelerate the degradation of the cartilage matrix. Furthermore, in an inflammatory microenvironment, MSCs undergo abnormal differentiation, and chondrocytes begin to transform or dedifferentiate into fibroblast-like cells, forming fibrocartilage with poor mechanical properties. Consequently, cartilage regeneration requires multi-dimensional regulation of the joint inflammatory microenvironment in space and time to make it conducive to cartilage regeneration.
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9
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Qin Y, Li J, Zhou Y, Yin C, Li Y, Chen M, Du Y, Li T, Yan J. Apolipoprotein D as a Potential Biomarker and Construction of a Transcriptional Regulatory-Immune Network Associated with Osteoarthritis by Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis. Cartilage 2021; 13:1702S-1717S. [PMID: 34719950 PMCID: PMC8808834 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211053824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovial inflammation influences the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Herein, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers and analyze transcriptional regulatory-immune mechanism of synovitis in OA using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). DESIGN A data set of OA synovium samples (GSE55235) was analyzed based on WGCNA. The most significant module with OA was identified and function annotation of the module was performed, following which the hub genes of the module were identified using Pearson correlation and a protein-protein interaction network was constructed. A transcriptional regulatory network of hub genes was constructed using the TRRUST database. The immune cell infiltration of OA samples was evaluated using the single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) method. The hub genes coexpressed in multiple tissues were then screened out using data sets of synovium, cartilage, chondrocyte, subchondral bone, and synovial fluid samples. Finally, transcriptional factors and coexpressed hub genes were validated via experiments. RESULTS The turquoise module of GSE55235 was identified via WGCNA. Functional annotation analysis showed that "mineral absorption" and "FoxO signaling pathway" were mostly enriched in the module. JUN, EGR1, FOSB, and KLF4 acted as central nodes in protein-protein interaction network and transcription factors to connect several target genes. "Activated B cell," "activated CD4T cell," "eosinophil," "neutrophil," and "type 17 T helper cell" showed high immune infiltration, while FOSB, KLF6, and MYBL2 showed significant negative correlation with type 17 T helper cell. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the expression level of apolipoprotein D (APOD) was correlated with OA. Furthermore, transcriptional regulatory-immune network was constructed, which may contribute to OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengliang Yin
- Medical Big Data Research Center,
Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing,
China,National Engineering Laboratory for
Medical Big Data Application Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing,
China,Faculty of Medicine, Macau University
of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinqiao Du
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tiejian Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglong Yan
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Jinglong Yan, Department of Orthopedics
Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246
Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China.
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10
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Wang J, Fan Q, Yu T, Zhang Y. Identifying the hub genes and immune cell infiltration in synovial tissue between osteoarthritic and rheumatoid arthritic patients by bioinformatic approach. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:497-509. [PMID: 34736376 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666211104154459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two common diseases that result in limb disability and a decrease in quality of life. The major symptoms of OA and RA are pain, swelling, stiffness, and malformation of joints, and each disease also has unique characteristics. OBJECTIVE To compare the pathological mechanisms of OA and RA via weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and immune infiltration analysis and find potential diagnostic and pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of OA and RA. METHODS The gene expression profiles of ten OA and ten RA synovial tissue samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE55235). After obtaining differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via GEO2R, WGCNA was conducted using an R package, and modules and genes that were highly correlated with OA and RA were identified. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were also conducted. Hub genes were identified using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape software. Immune infiltration analysis was conducted using the Perl program and CIBERSORT software. RESULTS Two hundred ninety-nine DEGs, 24 modules, 16 GO enrichment terms, 6 KEGG pathway enrichment terms, 10 hub genes (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCR4, CD27, CD69, CD3D, IL7R, STAT1, RGS1, and ISG20), and 8 kinds of different infiltrating immune cells (plasma cells, CD8 T cells, activated memory CD4 T cells, T helper follicular cells, M1 macrophages, Tregs, resting mast cells, and neutrophils) were found to be involved in the different pathological mechanisms of OA and RA. CONCLUSION Inflammation-associated genes were the top differentially expressed hub genes between OA and RA, and their expression was downregulated in OA. Genes associated with lipid metabolism may have upregulated expression in OA. In addition, immune cells that participate in the adaptive immune response play an important role in RA. OA mainly involves immune cells that are associated with the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000. China
| | - Qin Fan
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000. China
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000. China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000. China
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11
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Deng Z, Zhang Q, Zhao Z, Li Y, Chen X, Lin Z, Deng Z, Liu J, Duan L, Wang D, Li W. Crosstalk between immune cells and bone cells or chondrocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108179. [PMID: 34601329 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The term "osteoimmunology" was coined to denote the bridge between the immune system and the skeletal system. Osteoimmunology is interdisciplinary, and a full understanding and development of this "bridge" will provide an in-depth understanding of the switch between body health and disease development. B lymphocytes can promote the maturation and differentiation of osteoclasts, and osteoclasts have a negative feedback effect on B lymphocytes. Different subtypes of T lymphocytes regulate osteoclasts in different directions. T lymphocytes have a two-way regulatory effect on osteoblasts, while B lymphocytes have minimal regulatory effects on osteoblasts. In contrast, osteoblasts can promote the differentiation and maturation of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. Different immune cells have different effects on chondrocytes; some cooperate with each other, while some antagonize each other. In a healthy adult body, bone resorption and bone formation are in a dynamic balance under the action of multiple mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the interactions and key signaling molecular mechanisms between each type of cell in the immune system and the skeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Deng
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/ the First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/ the First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/ the First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yongshen Li
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/ the First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/ the First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zicong Lin
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/ the First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/ the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/ the First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Li Duan
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/ the First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Daping Wang
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/ the First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Wencui Li
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/ the First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Xu F, Zhang H, Si X, Chen J, Chen Y, Cui X, Qin Y. Assessment of CD27 expression on T-cells as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for patients with smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:41. [PMID: 34176483 PMCID: PMC8237462 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a global focus on illness diagnosis in smear-negative and latent tuberculosis infectious populations (SN-TB and LTBI). CD27 has been suggested to play a direct role in active TB. Little is known about smear-negative individuals. Here, we tried to investigate whether it has a role in smear-negative populations. The expression of CD27 and MTB-specific CD27 in CD4+ T cells (“CD27−CD4+” and “CD27−IFN-γ+CD4+”) was evaluated in MTB-unexposed controls (HC), TB contacts (TB-C) and SN-TB individuals by flow cytometry. The sensitivity, specificity and AUC (area under curve) of “CD27−IFN-γ+CD4+” cells to distinguish SN-TBs from HCs and TB-Cs were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The clinical index was selected from the clinical laboratory and evaluated for correlation with “CD27−IFN-γ+CD4+” cells by Spearman statistical analysis. Results We observed that the percentages of “CD27−IFN-γ+CD4+” cells were significantly increased in the SN-TB group compared with the HC and TB-C groups (AUC was 0.88, sensitivity was 82.14%, specificity was 80.00%, and P < 0.0001). The percentage of “CD27−IFN-γ+CD4+” cells was negatively correlated with WBC (white blood cell count) (r = − 0.3019, P = 0.0182) and positively correlated with IgE (immunoglobulin E) (r = 0.2805, P = 0.0362). Furthermore, “CD27−IFN-γ+CD4+” cells were significantly decreased, especially in the > 50 years group, after clinical treatment. Conclusion The present results demonstrated that the percentage of “CD27−IFN-γ+CD4+” cells might be a conceivable molecular indicator in the diagnosis of SN-TB and was influenced by its outcome of therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-021-00430-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, 226011, China
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, 226011, China
| | - Xiaoyan Si
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, 226011, China
| | - Junlin Chen
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, 226011, China
| | - Yuhao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaopeng Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Yongwei Qin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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McGettigan SE, Debes GF. Immunoregulation by antibody secreting cells in inflammation, infection, and cancer. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:103-118. [PMID: 34145601 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) are considered work horses of the humoral immune response for their tireless effort to produce large amounts of antibodies that fulfill an array of functions in host defense, inflammation, and maintenance of homeostasis. While traditionally considered largely senescent cells, surprising recent findings demonstrate that subsets of ASCs downmodulate ongoing immune responses independent of antibody formation. Such regulatory ASCs produce IL-10 or IL-35 and are implicated in maintaining tissue and immune homeostasis. They also serve to suppress pathogenic leukocytes in infection, allergy, and inflammatory diseases that affect tissues, such as the central nervous system and the respiratory tract. Additionally, regulatory ASCs infiltrate various cancer types and restrict effective anti-tumor T cell responses. While incompletely understood, there is significant overlap in factors that control ASC differentiation, IL-10 expression by B cells and the generation of ASCs that secrete both antibodies and IL-10. In this review, we will cover the biology, phenotype, generation, maintenance and function of regulatory ASCs in various tissues under pathological and steady states. An improved understanding of the development of regulatory ASCs and their biological roles will be critical for generating novel ASC-targeted therapies for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, infection, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E McGettigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gudrun F Debes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Aira LE, Debes GF. Skin-Homing Regulatory B Cells Required for Suppression of Cutaneous Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1995-2005.e6. [PMID: 33577766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pro and anti-inflammatory B-cell subsets that localize to unperturbed and inflamed skin are newly emerging components of the skin immune system. To test the relevance of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in the suppression of cutaneous inflammation, we asked whether impaired migration of these cells into the skin exacerbates skin inflammation. Using a mouse model with a B-cell‒specific tamoxifen-inducible deletion of α4β1 integrin, we demonstrate that selective disruption of α4β1-integrin expression in B cells significantly decreases IL-10+ Bregs in inflamed skin, whereas it does not affect their counterparts in lymphoid tissues. Impaired skin homing and reduced cutaneous accumulation of IL-10+ Bregs lead to a significant increase in clinical and histopathological parameters of inflammation in both psoriasiform skin inflammation and cutaneous delayed contact hypersensitivity. Thus, our data show a crucial function of skin-homing IL-10+ Bregs in the suppression of skin inflammation, supporting the notion that Bregs are critical players in the cutaneous environment during inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaro Emilio Aira
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gudrun Fiona Debes
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Impact of Isolation Procedures on the Development of a Preclinical Synovial Fibroblasts/Macrophages in an In Vitro Model of Osteoarthritis. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120459. [PMID: 33321965 PMCID: PMC7764613 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In vitro models able to represent osteoarthritis (OA) synovial tissue (ST) inflammation are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to characterize OA ST and to compare mechanical and enzymatic digestion procedures to find the one that better preserve the heterogeneity of the main OA synovial cell populations: fibroblasts and macrophages. We demonstrated that typical macrophage phenotypical markers, like CD68, CD80 and CD163, were higher expressed on cells isolated with mechanical than enzymatic procedure. Moreover, we found that typical cytokines of inflammatory macrophages (i.e., TNFα) and anti-inflammatory macrophages (i.e., IL10) were also higher on mechanically isolated cells. Synovial fibroblasts were well conserved in both procedures. The definition of an OA ST model in vitro that better preserve the heterogeneity of specific cell populations represents a prerequisite for defining the real effects of new cell therapies or drugs for OA treatment, and could contribute to the reduction or avoidance of animal models. Abstract There is a lack ofin vitromodels able to properly represent osteoarthritis (OA) synovial tissue (ST). We aimed to characterize OA ST and to investigate whether a mechanical or enzymatic digestion procedures influence synovial cell functional heterogeneity in vitro. Procedures using mechanical nondigested fragments (NDF), synovial digested fragments (SDF), and filtrated synovial digested cells (SDC) were compared. An immunophenotypic profile was performed to distinguish synovial fibroblasts (CD55, CD73, CD90, CD106), macrophages (CD14, CD68), M1-like (CD80, CD86), and M2-like (CD163, CD206) synovial macrophages. Pro-inflammatory (interleukin 6 IL6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), chemokine C-C motif ligand 3 (CCL3/MIP1α), C-X- motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10/IP10) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin 10 (IL10)), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), C-C motif chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) cytokines were evaluated. CD68 and CD163 markers were higher in NDF and SDF compared to the SDC procedure, while CD80, CD86, and CD206 were higher only in NDF compared to the SDC procedure. Synovial fibroblast markers showed similar percentages. TNFα, CCL3/MIP1α, CXCL10/IP10, and CCL18 were higher in NDF compared to SDC, but not compared to SDF. IL10 and TGFβ1 were higher in NDF than SDC at the molecular level, while IL6 did not show differences among procedures. We demonstrated that NDF isolation procedures better preserved the heterogeneity of specific OA synovial populations (fibroblasts, macrophages), fostering their use for testing new cell therapies or drugs for OA, reducing or avoiding the use of animal models.
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Li GS, Cui L, Wang GD. miR-155-5p regulates macrophage M1 polarization and apoptosis in the synovial fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:68. [PMID: 33365068 PMCID: PMC7716652 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent degenerative joint diseases that affects millions of individuals worldwide. During OA, proinflammatory factors (including IL-1, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α) are released from chondrocytes and proliferating synoviocytes potentiate the proinflammatory microenvironment of the synovial fluid (SF). The altered SF microenvironment affects the infiltration, polarization and apoptosis of macrophages, though the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. In the present study, the hypothesis that the knee synovial fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA SF) promotes the polarization of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived M1 macrophages and inhibits PBMC-derived macrophage apoptosis was investigated. KOA SF increased PBMC-derived macrophage M1 polarization via the microRNA (miR)-155-5p/suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 signaling pathway. Caspase-3 (CASP3) was identified as a novel target of miR-155-5p, where KOA SF inhibited macrophage apoptosis via the miR-155-5p/CASP3 signaling pathway. The results suggested that the proinflammatory environment of KOA SF promoted macrophage M1 polarization and reduced macrophage apoptosis via miR-155-5p. The results provided a potential explanation for the increased number of M1 macrophages observed in KOA SF during OA. In addition, the present study suggested that miR-155-5p may serve as a potential therapeutic target for KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Shi Li
- Department of Joint Orthopaedics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Opthalmology Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Da Wang
- Department of Joint Orthopaedics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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IL-10-producing regulatory B cells and plasmocytes: Molecular mechanisms and disease relevance. Semin Immunol 2019; 44:101323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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