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Deng Z, Fan T, Xiao C, Tian H, Zheng Y, Li C, He J. TGF-β signaling in health, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:61. [PMID: 38514615 PMCID: PMC10958066 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular responses and is particularly critical to embryonic development, wound healing, tissue homeostasis, and immune homeostasis in health. The dysfunction of TGF-β can play key roles in many diseases, and numerous targeted therapies have been developed to rectify its pathogenic activity. In the past decades, a large number of studies on TGF-β signaling have been carried out, covering a broad spectrum of topics in health, disease, and therapeutics. Thus, a comprehensive overview of TGF-β signaling is required for a general picture of the studies in this field. In this review, we retrace the research history of TGF-β and introduce the molecular mechanisms regarding its biosynthesis, activation, and signal transduction. We also provide deep insights into the functions of TGF-β signaling in physiological conditions as well as in pathological processes. TGF-β-targeting therapies which have brought fresh hope to the treatment of relevant diseases are highlighted. Through the summary of previous knowledge and recent updates, this review aims to provide a systematic understanding of TGF-β signaling and to attract more attention and interest to this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Peng B, Yang M, Zhuang Q, Li J, Zhang P, Liu H, Cheng K, Ming Y. Standardization of neutrophil CD64 and monocyte HLA-DR measurement and its application in immune monitoring in kidney transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1063957. [PMID: 36505404 PMCID: PMC9727265 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1063957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections cause high mortality in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The expressions of neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) and monocyte HLA-DR (mHLA-DR) provide direct evidence of immune status and can be used to evaluate the severity of infection. However, the intensities of nCD64 and mHLA-DR detected by flow cytometry (FCM) are commonly measured by mean fluorescence intensities (MFIs), which are relative values, thus limiting their application. We aimed to standardize nCD64 and mHLA-DR expression using molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (MESF) and to explore their role in immune monitoring for KTRs with infection. Methods The study included 50 KTRs diagnosed with infection, 65 immunologically stable KTRs and 26 healthy controls. The blood samples were collected and measured simultaneously by four FCM protocols at different flow cytometers. The MFIs of nCD64 and mHLA-DR were converted into MESF by Phycoerythrin (PE) Fluorescence Quantitation Kit. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate the reliability between the four FCM protocols. MESFs of nCD64 and mHLA-DR, nCD64 index and sepsis index (SI) with the TBNK panel were used to evaluate the immune status. Comparisons among multiple groups were performed with ANOVA one-way analysis. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to diagnose infection or sepsis. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis examined associations of the immune status with infection. Results MESFs of nCD64 and mHLA-DR measured by four protocols had excellent reliability (ICCs 0.993 and 0.957, respectively). The nCD64, CD64 index and SI in infection group were significantly higher than those of stable KTRs group. Patients with sepsis had lower mHLA-DR but higher SI than non-sepsis patients. ROC analysis indicated that nCD64 had the highest area under the curve (AUC) for infection, and that mHLA-DR had the highest AUC for sepsis. Logistic analysis indicated that nCD64 > 3089 and B cells counts were independent risk factors for infection. Conclusion The standardization of nCD64 and mHLA-DR made it available for widespread application. MESFs of nCD64 and mHLA-DR had good diagnostic performance on infection and sepsis, respectively, which could be promising indicators for immune status of KTRs and contributed to individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Min Yang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Yingzi Ming, ;
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Zhang FL, Hao Q, Zhang QS, Lv HY, Yang YL, Zhang Z, Zhou ZG. Influences of dietary Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract on the hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation response, intestinal antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota, and disease resistance of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:75-84. [PMID: 35240294 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) on the common occurrence of liver steatosis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, disturbance of gut microbiota, and disease susceptibility in high-fat diet-fed channel catfish. Channel catfish fed three diets, including a high-fat diet (11% crude fat) and ELE-supplemented diets containing 1‰ or 2‰ ELE for 4 weeks. The results showed the contents of liver triacylglycerol of 1‰ and 2‰ ELE groups were reduced, and ELE treatments decreased the expression of lipogenesis related genes (srebp-1c, pparγ, and acc-1), and increased the expression of lipolysis related genes (pparα). In addition, the supplementation of ELE improved the inflammatory response of the liver and intestine. ELE could improve the destruction of intestinal morphology structure and increase the expression level of hif-1a and tight junction proteins (Occludin, Claudin2, Claudin15). 2‰ ELE significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of intestine by increasing the activity of SOD enzyme. Moreover, the supplement of ELE significantly increased the abundance of Cetobacterium and Romboutsia (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of immune factor nf-κb had a significant decrease, and il-1β showed a tendency to decrease in the ELE supplement groups after pathogenic bacteria challenge. In conclusion, the ELE alleviated fatty liver disease and inflammation response, improved the oxidative capacity and physiological structure of intestine, and improved the structure of intestinal microbiota and disease resistance in HFD-fed channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Li Zhang
- Sino-Norway Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- Sino-Norway Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qing-Shuang Zhang
- Sino-Norway Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Lv
- Beijing CENTRE Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ya-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhou
- Sino-Norway Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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