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Gioda J, Da Silva F, Monjo F, Corcelle B, Bredin J, Piponnier E, Colson SS. Immediate crossover fatigue after unilateral submaximal eccentric contractions of the knee flexors involves peripheral alterations and increased global perceived fatigue. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293417. [PMID: 38346010 PMCID: PMC10861086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
After a unilateral muscle exercise, the performance of the non-exercised contralateral limb muscle can be also impaired. This crossover fatigue phenomenon is still debated in the literature and very few studies have investigated the influence of eccentric contractions. This study was designed to assess neuromuscular adaptations involved in the crossover fatigue of the non-exercised contralateral knee flexor muscles. Seventeen healthy young men performed a unilateral submaximal eccentric exercise of the right knee flexors until a 20% reduction in maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque was attained in the exercised limb. Before (PRE), immediately after exercise cessation (POST) and 24 hours later (POST24), neuromuscular function and perceived muscle soreness were measured in both the exercised limb and non-exercised limb. In addition, global perceived fatigue was assessed at each measurement time. At POST, significant reductions in maximal voluntary isometric contraction were observed in the exercised limb (-28.1%, p < 0.001) and in the non-exercised limb (-8.5%, p < 0.05), evidencing crossover fatigue. At POST, voluntary activation decreased in the exercised limb only (-6.0%, p < 0.001), while electrically evoked potentiated doublet torque was impaired in both the exercised limb and the non-exercised limb (-11.6%, p = 0.001). In addition, global perceived fatigue significantly increased at POST (p < 0.001). At POST24, all measured variables returned to PRE values, except for perceived muscle soreness scores exhibiting greater values than PRE (p < 0.05). A possible cumulative interaction between peripheral alterations and global perceived fatigue may account for the immediate crossover fatigue observed in the non-exercised limb.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florian Monjo
- LAMHESS, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- LIBM, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France
| | | | - Jonathan Bredin
- LAMHESS, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Centre de Santé Institut Rossetti-PEP06, Nice, France
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Sprouse B, Alty J, Kemp S, Cowie C, Mehta R, Tang A, Morris J, Cooper S, Varley I. The Football Association Injury and Illness Surveillance Study: The Incidence, Burden and Severity of Injuries and Illness in Men's and Women's International Football. Sports Med 2024; 54:213-232. [PMID: 33369724 PMCID: PMC7768595 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence and characteristics of injury and illness in English men's and women's senior and youth international football. METHODS Time-loss injuries and illnesses, alongside match and training exposure, were collected across 8 seasons (2012-2020) in youth (U15, U16, U17, U18, U19) and senior (U20, U21, U23, senior) English men's and women's international teams. Analysis of incidence, burden, and severity of injury and illness was completed. Sex-specific comparisons were made between the senior and youth groups, and across the 8 seasons of data collection. RESULTS In men's international football, 535 injuries were recorded (216 senior; 319 youth) during 73,326 h of exposure. Overall, match injury incidence (31.1 ± 10.8 injuries/1000 h) and burden (454.0 ± 195.9 d absent/1000 h) were greater than training injury incidence (4.0 ± 1.0 injuries/1000 h) and burden (51.0 ± 21.8 d absent/1000 h) (both P < 0.001). In women's international football, 503 injuries were recorded (senior: 177; youth: 326) during 80,766 h of exposure and match injury incidence (27.6 ± 11.3 injuries/1000 h) and burden (506.7 ± 350.2 days absent/1000 h) were greater than training injury incidence (5.1 ± 1.8 injuries/1000 h) and burden (87.6 ± 32.8 days absent/1000 h) (both P < 0.001). In women's international football, a group × season interaction was observed for training injury incidence (P = 0.021), with the senior group recording a greater training injury incidence during the 2015-2016 season compared to the youth group (14.4 vs 5.7 injuries/1000 h; P = 0.022). There was no difference in injury severity between match and training for men's (P = 0.965) and women's (P = 0.064) international football. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide a comprehensive examination of injury and illness in English men's and women's senior and youth international football. Practitioners will be able to benchmark their team's injury and illness incidence and characteristics to the match-play and training information provided in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Sprouse
- Sport Science Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jon Alty
- The Football Association, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
| | - Steve Kemp
- The Football Association, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
| | | | - Ritan Mehta
- The Football Association, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
| | - Alicia Tang
- The Football Association, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
| | - John Morris
- Sport Science Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Simon Cooper
- Sport Science Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian Varley
- Sport Science Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
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Ghai S, Ghai I, Narciss S. Influence of taping on force sense accuracy: a systematic review with between and within group meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:138. [PMID: 37864268 PMCID: PMC10588111 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Taping is a common technique used to address proprioceptive deficits in both healthy and patient population groups. Although there is increasing interest in taping to address proprioceptive deficits, little is known about its effects on the kinetic aspects of proprioception as measured by force sense accuracy. To address this gap in the literature, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of taping on force sense accuracy. A search for relevant literature was conducted following PRISMA guidelines across seven databases and one register. Eleven studies with 279 participants were included in the review out of 7362 records. In the between-group analyses, we found a significant improvement in absolute (p < 0.01) and relative (p = 0.01) force sense accuracy with taping compared to no comparator. Likewise, a significant improvement in absolute (p = 0.01) force sense accuracy was also observed with taping compared to placebo tape. In the within group analysis, this reduction in the absolute (p = 0.11) force sense accuracy was not significant. Additional exploratory subgroup analyses revealed between group improvement in force sense accuracy in both healthy individuals and individuals affected by medial epicondylitis. The findings of this meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of studies and a lack of blinded randomized controlled trials, which may impact the generalizability of the results. More high-quality research is needed to confirm the overall effect of taping on force sense accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Ghai
- Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
- Centre for Societal Risk Research, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
- Psychology of Learning and Instruction, Department of Psychology, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Centre for Tactile Internet With Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ishan Ghai
- School of Life Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Susanne Narciss
- Psychology of Learning and Instruction, Department of Psychology, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Tactile Internet With Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Da Silva F, Piponnier E, Corcelle B, Blain GM, Gioda J, Colson SS, Monjo F. Submaximal fatiguing eccentric contractions of knee flexors alter leg extrapersonal representation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18884. [PMID: 37609426 PMCID: PMC10440467 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the immediate and prolonged effects of eccentric-induced fatigue on position sense, utilizing position-pointing tasks, which had not been previously implemented for this purpose. Fifteen healthy adults underwent a fatiguing eccentric protocol that entailed sets of unilateral submaximal contractions of knee flexor muscles until reaching a 20% decrease in maximal isometric torque production. Evaluations of knee flexor neuromuscular function as well as position-pointing tasks at 40° and 70° of knee flexion were conducted prior to the fatiguing eccentric protocol, immediately after (POST), and 24 h after (POST24) exercise termination. To assess neuromuscular fatigue etiology, electrical myostimulations were administered during and after maximal voluntary isometric contractions. At POST, the voluntary activation level and evoked potentiated doublet amplitude at 100 Hz were significantly reduced. In addition, position-pointing errors exhibited a significant increase at POST regardless of the tested angle, with participants positioning the pointer in a more extended position compared to their hidden exercised limb. At POST24, neuromuscular function and position sense parameters had reverted to their baseline levels. The findings of this experiment demonstrate that position-pointing accuracy was impaired immediately after the fatiguing eccentric protocol, manifesting in the presence of both central and peripheral fatigue. As position-pointing accuracy relies heavily on extrapersonal representation of the body at the brain level, acute changes in exercised limb's extrapersonal representation might have resulted from central fatigue-related mechanisms altering the cognitive processes responsible for converting kinesthetic signals into extrapersonal coordinates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Florian Monjo
- Université Côte d’Azur, LAMHESS, France
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, EA 7424, Chambéry, France
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Li L, Li YX, Zhang CL, Zhang DH. Recovery of pinch force sense after short-term fatigue. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9429. [PMID: 37296199 PMCID: PMC10256726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the exact origin of force sense and identify whether it arises centrally or peripherally. The present study was designed to analyze the effects of short-term fatigue on pinch force sense and the duration of these effects. During the fatigue protocol, twenty (10 men and 10 women; Mage = 22.0 years old) young Chinese participants were asked to squeeze maximally until the pinch grip force decreased to 50% of its maximal due to fatigue. Participants were instructed to produce the target force (10% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction) using the same hand before and after fatigue (immediately, 10, 30, 60, 180, 300 s). The results showed significantly higher absolute error immediately after fatigue (1.22 ± 1.06 N) than before fatigue (0.68 ± 0.34 N), and 60 s (0.76 ± 0.69 N), 180 s (0.67 ± 0.42 N), and 300 s (0.75 ± 0.37 N) after fatigue (all P < 0.05) but with no effect on the variable error (P > 0.05). It was also revealed that there was a significant overestimate of the constant error values before (0.32 ± 0.61 N) and immediately after fatigue (0.80 ± 1.38 N, all P < 0.05), while no significant overestimation or underestimation exceeded 300 s after fatigue (P > 0.05). Our study results revealed that short-term fatigue resulted in a significant decrease in force sense accuracy, but it did not affect force sense consistently; however, force sense accuracy recovered to a certain extent within 10 s and 30 s, whereas it recovered fully within 60 s, and force sense directivity improvement exceeded 300 s after fatigue. The present study shows that the sense of tension (peripherally) is also an important factor affecting force sense. Our study supports the view that the periphery is part of the origin of force sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Physical Education, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yan-Xia Li
- College of Physical Education, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, Hebei, China.
| | - Chong-Long Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, Hebei, China
| | - Dong-Hai Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, Hebei, China
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Da Silva F, Monjo F, Gioda J, Blain GM, Piponnier E, Corcelle B, Colson SS. Knee position sense and knee flexor neuromuscular function are similarly altered after two submaximal eccentric bouts. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:311-323. [PMID: 36273044 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined eccentric-induced fatigue effects on knee flexor (KF) neuromuscular function and on knee position sense. This design was repeated across two experimental sessions performed 1 week apart to investigate potential repeated bout effects. METHODS Sixteen participants performed two submaximal bouts of KF unilateral eccentric contractions until reaching a 20% decrease in maximal voluntary isometric contraction force. Knee position sense was evaluated with position-matching tasks in seated and prone positions at 40° and 70° of knee flexion so that KF were either antagonistic or agonistic during the positioning movement. The twitch interpolation technique was used to assess KF neuromuscular fatigue. Perceived muscle soreness was also assessed. Measurements were performed before, immediately (POST) and 24 h after (POST24) each eccentric bout. RESULTS No repeated bout effect on neuromuscular function and proprioceptive parameters was observed. At POST, central and peripheral factors contributed to the force decrement as shown by significant decreases in voluntary activation level (- 3.8 ± 4.8%, p < 0.01) and potentiated doublet torque at 100 Hz (- 10 ± 15.8%, p < 0.01). At this time point, position-matching errors significantly increased by 1.7 ± 1.9° in seated position at 40° (p < 0.01). At POST24, in presence of muscle soreness (p < 0.05), although KF neuromuscular function had recovered, position-matching errors increased by 0.6 ± 2.6° in prone position at 40° (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION These results provide evidence that eccentric-induced position sense alterations may arise from central and/or peripheral mechanisms depending on the testing position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Da Silva
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (UPR 6312), Ecole Universitaire de Recherche HEALTHY: Ecosystèmes des Sciences de la Santé, Université Côte d'Azur, Campus STAPS-Sciences du Sport, 261, Boulevard du Mercantour, 06205, Nice Cedex 03, France.
| | - Florian Monjo
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (UPR 6312), Ecole Universitaire de Recherche HEALTHY: Ecosystèmes des Sciences de la Santé, Université Côte d'Azur, Campus STAPS-Sciences du Sport, 261, Boulevard du Mercantour, 06205, Nice Cedex 03, France
| | - Jennifer Gioda
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (UPR 6312), Ecole Universitaire de Recherche HEALTHY: Ecosystèmes des Sciences de la Santé, Université Côte d'Azur, Campus STAPS-Sciences du Sport, 261, Boulevard du Mercantour, 06205, Nice Cedex 03, France
| | - Gregory M Blain
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (UPR 6312), Ecole Universitaire de Recherche HEALTHY: Ecosystèmes des Sciences de la Santé, Université Côte d'Azur, Campus STAPS-Sciences du Sport, 261, Boulevard du Mercantour, 06205, Nice Cedex 03, France
| | - Enzo Piponnier
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (UPR 6312), Ecole Universitaire de Recherche HEALTHY: Ecosystèmes des Sciences de la Santé, Université Côte d'Azur, Campus STAPS-Sciences du Sport, 261, Boulevard du Mercantour, 06205, Nice Cedex 03, France
| | - Baptiste Corcelle
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (UPR 6312), Ecole Universitaire de Recherche HEALTHY: Ecosystèmes des Sciences de la Santé, Université Côte d'Azur, Campus STAPS-Sciences du Sport, 261, Boulevard du Mercantour, 06205, Nice Cedex 03, France
| | - Serge S Colson
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (UPR 6312), Ecole Universitaire de Recherche HEALTHY: Ecosystèmes des Sciences de la Santé, Université Côte d'Azur, Campus STAPS-Sciences du Sport, 261, Boulevard du Mercantour, 06205, Nice Cedex 03, France
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7
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Immediate voluntary activation deficits following submaximal eccentric contractions of knee extensors are associated with alterations of the sense of movement. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2338. [PMID: 35149737 PMCID: PMC8837602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying movement sense alterations following repeated eccentric contractions remain unclear. This study concomitantly investigated the effects of unilateral eccentric contractions on movement sense and on neuromuscular function at the knee before, immediately after (POST), 24 (POST24) and 48 (POST48) h after the exercise. Twelve participants performed sets of submaximal knee extensors (KE) eccentric contractions until a 20% decrease in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque was reached. Threshold to detect passive movement (TTDPM) tasks were used to assess movement sense during both knee flexion (TTDPMFLEX) and extension (TTDPMEXT). KE fatigability was assessed using the interpolated twitch technique. TTDPM values expressed in seconds and the percentage of unsuccessful trials only increased at POST during TTDPMFLEX and TTDPMEXT. The 20%-MVIC decrease was associated with significant decreases in voluntary activation level (- 12.7%, p < 0.01) and potentiated doublet torque at 100 Hz (- 18.1%, p < 0.001). At POST24, despite persistent reductions of maximal voluntary and electrically evoked torques associated with increased perceived muscle soreness, TTDPM values and the percentage of unsuccessful trials returned to baseline values. Consequently, movement sense alterations were only observed in the presence of voluntary activation deficits, suggesting that some exercise-induced central alterations may affect the somatosensory function.
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8
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Coppieters MW, Andersen J, Selbæk H, Herland K, Ajja R, Markussen H, Hodges PW. Sense of effort is distorted in people with chronic low back pain. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2021; 53:102376. [PMID: 33848943 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprioceptive deficits in people with low back pain (LBP) have traditionally been attributed to altered paraspinal muscle spindle afference and its central processing. Studies conducted in the upper limb demonstrated that sense of effort is also an important source of kinaesthetic information. OBJECTIVES To better understand proprioceptive deficits in people with chronic LBP (cLBP), this study aimed to test whether sense of effort is affected in people with cLBP. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHOD Fourteen participants with cLBP and fourteen healthy participants performed a 120 s force matching task with their trunk extensor muscles at a low intensity. RESULTS When visual feedback of the generated force was provided, both groups performed the task accurately. Removal of visual feedback resulted in an increase in error for both groups (p < 0.0001), but the increase in error was significantly larger for the cLBP group (p = 0.023). This larger error could be attributed to undershooting of the target force (p = 0.020). The control group did not consistently undershoot or overshoot the target force (p = 0.93). Furthermore, the amount of undershooting for the cLBP group increased as the task progressed (p = 0.016), which was not observed for the control group (p = 0.80). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study revealed that sense of effort is affected in cLBP. People with cLBP overestimated the trunk extension force they generated, and the error increased as the trial progressed. With visual feedback however, people with cLBP were able to compensate and perform the task as accurately as people without cLBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel W Coppieters
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane and Gold Coast, Parklands Drive, QLD 4222, Southport, Australia; Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | - Rahma Ajja
- Public Health and Nutrition Department, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Harald Markussen
- Norwegian Handball Federation, Oslo, Norway; Department of Health, Olympiatoppen, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Athletics Federation, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul W Hodges
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Look MC, Iyengar Y, Barcellona M, Shortland A. Does delayed onset muscle soreness affect the biomechanical variables of the drop vertical jump that have been associated with increased ACL injury risk? A randomised control trial. Hum Mov Sci 2021; 76:102772. [PMID: 33609960 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2021.102772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are both prevalent in sport. It is currently unknown whether DOMS increases ACL injury risk. AIM This study aimed to provide preliminary insight on whether DOMS affects ACL injury risk by investigating whether DOMS affects the biomechanical variables of the DVJ that have been identified as risk factors for future ACL injury. METHODS This was a randomised control trial involving 32 active individuals aged 18-35 years, with no history of ACL injury. Participants underwent two sessions of force-plate testing and 3D motion analysis of the drop vertical jump (DVJ). The DVJ was chosen as it has been investigated prospectively for association with future ACL injury. Initial testing was followed by randomisation to DOMS or control group. The DOMS group underwent a DOMS-inducing exercise protocol, the control group did not. Both groups were re-tested 48 h after initial testing. Five variables of the DVJ that have been associated with future ACL injury were chosen for analysis - peak knee flexion angle, peak vertical ground reaction force, ground contact time, peak knee abduction angle & peak knee abduction moment. Between-group differences were compared using a two-way mixed analysis of variance; alpha level set to 0.05. RESULTS DOMS was successfully induced in all participants of the DOMS group however no statistically significant group x time interactions were found for any of the five variables analysed. CONCLUSIONS DOMS did not affect the biomechanical variables of the DVJ that have been associated with future ACL injury. By extension, this may suggest that DOMS might not affect ACL injury risk. However, it is also possible that certain attributes of the DVJ meant that any effect of DOMS was simply unable to be quantified, even if an effect existed. All considered, our position is that conclusion cannot be drawn from this study alone on whether DOMS affects ACL injury risk. Further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Look
- Academic Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 2(nd) Floor Addison House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
| | - Yogita Iyengar
- Academic Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 2(nd) Floor Addison House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
| | - Massimo Barcellona
- Department of Physiotherapy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom.
| | - Adam Shortland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 4(th) Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
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Smith SA, Micklewright D, Winter SL, Mauger AR. Muscle pain from an intramuscular injection of hypertonic saline increases variability in knee extensor torque reproduction. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 130:57-68. [PMID: 33151778 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00139.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensity of exercise-induced pain (EIP) reflects the metabolic environment in the exercising muscle, so during endurance exercise, this may inform the intelligent regulation of work rate. Conversely, the acute debilitating effects of EIP on motor unit recruitment could impair the estimation of force produced by the muscle and impair judgement of current exercise intensity. This study investigated whether muscle pain that feels like EIP, administered via intramuscular injection of hypertonic saline, interferes with the ability to accurately reproduce torque in a muscle group relevant to locomotive exercise. On separate days, 14 participants completed an isometric torque reproduction task of the knee extensors. Participants were required to produce torque at 15% and 20% maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVIT), without visual feedback before (baseline), during (pain/no pain), and after (recovery) an injection of 0.9% isotonic saline (Control) or 5.8% hypertonic saline (Experimental) into the vastus lateralis of the right leg. An elevated reported intensity of pain, and a significantly increased variance in mean contraction torque at both 15% (P = 0.049) and 20% (P = 0.002) MVIT was observed in the Experimental compared to the Control condition. Both 15 and 20% target torques were performed at a similar pain intensity in the Experimental condition (15% MVIT: 4.2 ± 1.9; 20% MVIT: 4.5 ± 2.2; P > 0.05). These findings demonstrate that the increased muscle pain from the injection of hypertonic saline impeded accurate reproduction of knee extensor torque. These findings have implications for the detrimental impact of EIP on exercise regulation and endurance performance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide novel data demonstrating that the presence of muscle pain interferes with estimations of torque produced by the knee extensors, which could impair judgment of work rate during endurance exercise. The novelty of our study is in the application of the hypertonic saline experimental model into a quadriceps muscle during short, submaximal isometric contractions at an intensity that provides a more translatable assessment of the impact of exercise-induced pain on work-rate regulation during whole body exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Smith
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Micklewright
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha L Winter
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis R Mauger
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
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Monjo F, Zory R, Forestier N. Fatiguing Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Decreases the Sense of Effort During Subsequent Voluntary Contractions in Men. Neuroscience 2020; 446:113-123. [PMID: 32891703 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As voluntary muscle fatigue increases, the perception of the effort required to produce a particular level of force also increases. This occurs because we produce greater neural outputs from the brain to compensate for the fatigue-induced loss of force. Muscle fatigue can also be generated following bouts of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), a technique widely used for rehabilitation and training purposes. Yet the effects of NMES-induced fatigue on the perception of effort have never been tested. In this study, we thus evaluated how electrically evoked fatigue would affect the sense of effort. For this purpose, we used two psychophysical tasks intended to assess effort perception: (i) a bilateral matching task in which subjects were asked to contract the elbow flexors of their reference and indicator arms with similar amounts of effort and (ii) a unilateral matching task in which they produced controlled levels of isometric force with their indicator arm and rated their perceived effort using the Borg CR10 scale. These tasks were performed before and after the biceps brachii of the indicator arm was submitted to a fatiguing NMES program that generated maximal force losses of 10-15%. Contrary to voluntary muscle fatigue, the sense of effort decreased post-NMES in both tasks despite increased neural outputs to the elbow flexors of the fatigued indicator arm. This shows that the relationship between motor command magnitude and effort perception was completely modified by NMES. It is proposed that NMES alters the sensory structures responsible for effort signal integration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolas Forestier
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Chambéry, France
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12
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Influence of preceding muscle activity on movement-related cortical potential during superimposed ballistic contraction. Neurosci Lett 2020; 735:135193. [PMID: 32565221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of current study was to clarify the influence of preceding muscle activity on the force production and movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) during superimposed ballistic contractions. The participants performed the ballistic force production at 40 % of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) using the isometric abduction force of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger. They were asked to match the peak of force curve with a horizontal target line displayed on the computer monitor. We compared the MRCP amplitude during force exertion detected from Fz, C4, C3, Cz and Pz electrodes during ballistic force production with (active condition) and without (resting condition) preceding muscle activity. The results showed that the MRCP amplitudes of Fz, C4, C3 and Cz electrodes were significantly smaller for the active condition than the resting condition. This was the case even though the peak force values during both conditions were identical. This result suggests that the facilitation of spinal motoneuron excitability by preceding muscle activity could reduce the required central motor command to produce the identical force level. In addition, we examined the MRCP amplitude during ballistic force production of the active condition without a visually displayed target. In this condition, the participants had to perform the force production based on aiming point of target force level (40 %MVC). As a result, the mean of peak force without a visual target was 54 %MVC, which overshot the aiming force level. However, the MRCP amplitudes of five electrodes during the 54 %MVC force production in the active condition were equivalent to the case of the 40 %MVC force production in the resting condition. These results suggest that the MRCP amplitude is consistent with participants' sense of effort involved in the force production, rather than the actual produced force level.
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13
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Manzone DM, Tremblay L. Contributions of exercise-induced fatigue versus intertrial tendon vibration on visual-proprioceptive weighting for goal-directed movement. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:802-814. [PMID: 32755335 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00263.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been argued that exercise-induced muscle fatigue and tendon vibration can alter proprioceptive estimates of limb position. While exercise-induced muscle fatigue may also affect central efferent processes related to limb position sense, tendon vibration specifically targets peripheral afferent signals. It is unclear, however, whether either of these perturbations (i.e., muscle fatigue or tendon vibration) can alter the multisensory weighting processes preceding goal-directed movements. The current study sought to specifically explore visual-proprioceptive weighting before or after eccentric exercise-induced antagonist muscle fatigue (experiment 1) versus with or without intertrial simultaneous agonist-antagonist tendon vibration (experiment 2). To assess sensory weighting, a visual-proprioceptive mismatch between the participant's actual initial starting position and the associated visual cursor position was employed. This method provides an estimate of the participant's reliance on the proprioceptive or visual starting limb position for their aiming movements. Although there was clear evidence of muscle fatigue, there was no systematic alteration of proprioceptive weighting after eccentric exercise and no relationship between sensory weighting and the level of fatigue. On the other hand, participants' reliance on their actual (proprioceptive) limb position was systematically reduced when exposed to agonist-antagonist tendon vibration before each aiming movement. These findings provide seminal evidence that intertrial tendon vibration, but not exercise-induced fatigue, can alter the reliability of proprioceptive estimates and the relative contributions of visual and proprioceptive information for goal-directed movement.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous work has used muscle fatigue or tendon vibration to perturb proprioceptive limb position estimates. This study sought to determine whether exercise-induced muscle fatigue versus intertrial tendon vibration can alter multisensory weighting for upper limb-aiming movements. By introducing a discrepancy between participants' actual proprioceptive and visual finger position, this study provides seminal evidence for the reduction of proprioceptive-to-visual weighting using intertrial tendon vibration but no evidence for a systematic reduction following exercise-induced fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian M Manzone
- Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luc Tremblay
- Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Miyamoto T, Kizuka T, Ono S. Influence of preceding muscle activity on perceptually guided force production during superimposed ballistic contraction. Physiol Behav 2020; 222:112933. [PMID: 32376328 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Current study attempted to clarify whether preceding muscle activity influences the perceptually guided force production during superimposed ballistic contractions using isometric abduction of index finger. Subjects were verbally asked to produce ballistic force at requested percentages of their MVC with and without preceding muscle activity at 10% and 20%MVC. Our results showed that the ballistic force and EMG activity were increased significantly with preceding muscle activity at 20%MVC, but no change for 10%MVC. These results suggest that preceding muscle activity at sufficient intensity facilitates spinal motoneuron excitability, which could alter the relationship between the produced force and sense of effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kizuka
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Seiji Ono
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.
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15
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Chen TC, Huang GL, Hsieh CC, Tseng KW, Tseng WC, Chou TY, Nosaka K. Comparison among three different intensities of eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors resulting in the same strength loss at one day post-exercise for changes in indirect muscle damage markers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 120:267-279. [PMID: 31811382 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study compared three different intensity elbow flexor eccentric exercises resulting in the same magnitude of maximal voluntary isomeric contraction torque (MVC) decrease at 1 day post-exercise for changes in several indirect markers of muscle damage and proprioception. METHODS Sedentary young men performed eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors using a dumbbell corresponding to either 10%, 50% or 100% of MVC to induce ~ 20% decrease in MVC at 1 day post-exercise (n = 12/group). MVC, range of motion (ROM), upper arm circumference (CIR), muscle soreness, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, and proprioception measures (force match, joint position sense) were taken before to 5 days after exercise, and the changes were compared among the groups. RESULTS MVC and ROM recovered faster (P < 0.05) in the order of 10% (e.g., 3 days post-exercise: - 3 ± 4%, 0 ± 1%), 50% (- 12 ± 3%, - 3 ± 2%) and 100% group (- 16 ± 4%, - 5 ± 1%). Peak CIR, muscle soreness and CK activity were smaller for 10% (Δ3 ± 1 mm, 26 ± 10 mm, 1049 ± 316 IU/L) than 50% (Δ6 ± 2 mm, 36 ± 14 mm, 1473 ± 429 IU/L) and 100% groups (Δ8 ± 2 mm, 47 ± 15 mm, 2104 ± 929 IU/L). The proprioception measures recovered faster (P < 0.05) for 10% followed by 50% then 100% group. The recovery rate of MVC from immediately to 1 day post-exercise was correlated (P < 0.05) with the changes in the muscle damage and proprioception markers. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the MVC at 1 day post-exercise does not necessarily predict the changes in muscle damage markers in the following days, but the MVC recovery rate in the first 24 h reflects the magnitude of muscle damage better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor C Chen
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, P.O. Box 97-71, Wenshan Wansheng, Taipei City, 11699, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Ling Huang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, P.O. Box 97-71, Wenshan Wansheng, Taipei City, 11699, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chan Hsieh
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, P.O. Box 97-71, Wenshan Wansheng, Taipei City, 11699, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ying Chou
- Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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16
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Turkmen C, Harput G, Kinikli GI, Kose N, Guney Deniz H. Correlation of force sense error test measured by a pressure biofeedback unit and EMG activity of quadriceps femoris in healthy individuals. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2019; 49:102366. [PMID: 31678659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2019.102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study developed a force sense error test (FSET) method for use on the quadriceps muscle, which could be employed in clinical practice to correlate the results of quadriceps muscle activity levels determined by surface electromyography (sEMG). METHODS Twenty-four healthy individuals were included in the study. A pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) placed under the knee joint, was used for force sense error test (FSET) evaluation. First, a maximum contraction value was determined with the PBU. Next, 50% and 65% of the maximum contraction value were used for the analysis. Concurrently, norm values for the quadriceps muscle activity levels were determined by sEMG. Simultaneously, quadriceps muscle activity levels were recorded while testing the FSET using the PBU. Each measurement was repeated in triplicate, and the average constant errors observed by the PBU were recorded in mmHg. RESULTS The FSET for both 50% and 65% of the normal mmHg value determined using the PBU positively correlated with activity change levels in the quadriceps muscle determined by sEMG (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between the FSET measured using PBU and changes in the level of activity in the quadriceps muscle showed that a PBU can be used in clinical practice for proprioceptive evaluation of the knee region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhun Turkmen
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gulcan Harput
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Irem Kinikli
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nezire Kose
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hande Guney Deniz
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Gurari N, van der Helm NA, Drogos JM, Dewald JPA. Accuracy of Individuals Post-hemiparetic Stroke in Matching Torques Between Arms Depends on the Arm Referenced. Front Neurol 2019; 10:921. [PMID: 31507523 PMCID: PMC6714296 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prior work indicates that 50–75% of individuals post-hemiparetic stroke have upper-extremity weakness and, in turn, inaccurately judge the relative torques that their arms generate during a bimanual task. Recent findings also reveal that these individuals judge the relative torques their arms generate differently depending on whether they reference their paretic vs. non-paretic arm. Objective: Our goal was to determine whether individuals with hemiparetic stroke inaccurately matched torques between arms, regardless of the arm that they referenced. Methods: Fifteen participants with hemiparetic stroke and 10 right-hand dominant controls matched torques between arms. Participants performed this task with their right arm referencing their left arm, and vice versa. Participants generated (1) 5 Nm and (2) 25% of their reference elbow's maximum voluntary torque (MVT) in flexion and extension using their reference arm while receiving audiovisual feedback. Then, participants matched the reference torque using their opposite arm without receiving feedback on their matching performance. Results: Participants with stroke had greater magnitudes of error in matching torques than controls when referencing their paretic arm (p < 0.050), yet not when referencing their non-paretic arm (p > 0.050). The mean magnitude of error when participants with stroke referenced their paretic and non-paretic arm and controls referenced their dominant and non-dominant arm to generate 5 Nm in flexion was 9.4, 2.6, 4.2, and 2.5 Nm, respectively, and in extension was 5.3, 2.8, 2.5, and 2.3 Nm, respectively. However, when the torques generated at each arm were normalized by the corresponding MVT, no differences were found in matching errors regardless of the arm participants referenced (p > 0.050). Conclusions: Results demonstrate the importance of the arm referenced, i.e., paretic vs. non-paretic, on how accurately individuals post-hemiparetic stroke judge their torques during a bimanual task. Results also indicate that individuals with hemiparetic stroke judge torques primarily based on their perceived effort. Finally, findings support the notion that training individuals post-hemiparetic stroke to accurately perceive their self-generated torques, with a focus of their non-paretic arm in relation to their paretic arm, may lead to an improved ability to perform bimanual activities of daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Gurari
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nina A van der Helm
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Justin M Drogos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Julius P A Dewald
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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18
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AGOSTINI VALENTINA, VISCONTI LORENZO, TRUCCO MARCO, MARITANO ALESSIO, CAPRA GIANPIERO, BALESTRA GABRIELLA, ROSATI SAMANTA, KNAFLITZ MARCO. KNEE PROPRIOCEPTION MAY BE ALTERED BY TREATMENT IN ATHLETES SUFFERING FROM DELAYED ONSET MUSCLE SORENESS. J MECH MED BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519419500118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a very common musculoskeletal problem in athletes involved in extreme competitions. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of diathermy, sham diathermy and massage on the knee proprioception of athletes treated for DOMS. Forty athletes were enrolled after the second day of a demanding ski mountaineering race. They were randomly assigned to four groups: no treatment [Formula: see text], massage [Formula: see text], diathermy [Formula: see text], and sham diathermy [Formula: see text]. The knee reposition error was measured after the treatments in order to assess knee proprioception. Significant differences between the diathermy and sham diathermy groups were found ([Formula: see text]) with an absolute effect size of [Formula: see text]. No other significant differences were found among groups. This means that diathermy has a negative impact on joint proprioception and can be explained by the spindle desensitization consequent to deeper tissue heating. This information can be important in the DOMS management of athletes, since an altered proprioception may interfere with the athlete’s performance and can increase the risk of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- VALENTINA AGOSTINI
- Dipartimento di Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | - GIANPIERO CAPRA
- SUPSI-University of Applied Sciences and Arts of the Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - GABRIELLA BALESTRA
- Dipartimento di Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - SAMANTA ROSATI
- Dipartimento di Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - MARCO KNAFLITZ
- Dipartimento di Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
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19
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Phillips D, Kosek P, Karduna A. Force perception at the shoulder after a unilateral suprascapular nerve block. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:1581-1591. [PMID: 30929033 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There are two key sources of information that can be used to match forces-the centrally generated sense of effort and afferent signals from mechanical receptors located in peripheral tissues. There is currently no consensus on which source of information is more important for matching forces. The corollary discharge hypothesis argues that subjects match forces using the centrally generated sense of effort. The purpose of this study was to investigate force matching at the shoulder before and after a suprascapular nerve block. The nerve block creates a sensory and muscle force mismatch between sides when matching loads. The torque matching accuracy did not change after the nerve block was administered. Directionally, the torque error was in the direction proposed by the corollary discharge hypothesis. However, the mismatch between deltoid EMG was substantially greater compared to the changes in the torque matching error after the block. The results support that sensory information is used during force matching tasks. However, since the nerve block also created a sensory disruption between sides, it is not clear how sensory information is reweighted following the nerve block and a role for sense of effort is still implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Phillips
- Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Avenue, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA.
| | - Peter Kosek
- Oregon Neurosurgery, 3355 Riverbend Drive, Suite 400, Springfield, OR, 97477, USA
| | - Andrew Karduna
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, 1240, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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20
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Müller E, Pröller P, Ferreira-Briza F, Aglas L, Stöggl T. Effectiveness of Grounded Sleeping on Recovery After Intensive Eccentric Muscle Loading. Front Physiol 2019; 10:35. [PMID: 30745882 PMCID: PMC6360250 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We set out to investigate the effectiveness of grounded sleeping on the time course of recovery with respect to muscle soreness and athletic performance after intensive eccentric muscle loading. Methods: Twenty-two healthy participants were recruited for this study and randomly assigned to an experimental group (GRD, grounded sleeping, n = 12) or control group (UGD, sham-grounded sleeping, n = 10) to evaluate the effects of 10 days recovery with GRD vs. UGD following a single intensive downhill treadmill intervention in a triple-blinded (participant, tester, and data analyst) manner. To operationalize recovery a test battery was performed at baseline and on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 post-intervention: (1) perception of muscle soreness (VAS), (2) creatine kinase blood levels (CK), (3) maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) for both legs, (4) counter movement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) performance. Furthermore, in four participants blood was sampled for detailed analysis of complete blood counts and serum-derived inflammation markers. Results: The downhill treadmill running intervention led to distinct changes in all measured parameters related to fatigue. These changes were detectable already 5-min post intervention and were not fully recovered 10 days post intervention. GRD led to less pronounced decrease in performance (CMJ, MVIC) and less increase with respect to CK compared with UGD (all P < 0.05). Detailed blood samples demonstrated that grounded sleeping modulates the recovery process by (a) keeping a constant hemoconcentration, as represented by the number of erythrocytes, and the hemoglobin/hematocrit values; and (b) by the reduction of muscle damage-associated inflammation markers such as, IP-10, MIP-1α, and sP-Selectin. Conclusion: The downhill running protocol is a feasible methodology to produce long term muscle soreness and muscular fatigue. GRD was shown to result in faster recovery and/or less pronounced markers of muscle damage and inflammation. GRD might be seen as a simple methodology to enhance acute and long-term recovery after intensive eccentric exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Müller
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Olympic Training Center Salzburg-Rif, Hallein, Austria
| | - Patrick Pröller
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Stöggl
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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21
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Logan LM, Semrau JA, Cluff T, Scott SH, Dukelow SP. Effort matching between arms depends on relative limb geometry and personal control. J Neurophysiol 2018; 121:459-470. [PMID: 30540499 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00346.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprioception encompasses our sense of position and movement of our limbs, as well as the effort with which we engage in voluntary actions. Historically, sense of effort has been linked to centrally generated signals that elicit voluntary movements. We were interested in determining the effect of differences in limb geometry and personal control on sense of effort. In experiment 1, subjects exerted either extension or flexion torques to resist a torque applied by a robot exoskeleton to their reference elbow. They attempted to match this torque by exerting an equal effort torque (in a congruent direction with the reference arm) with their opposite (matching) arm in different limb positions (±15°). Subjects produced greater matching torque when their matching arm exerted effort toward the mirrored position of the reference (e.g., reference/matching arms at 90°/105° elbow flexion) vs. away (e.g., 90°/75° flexion). In experiment 2, a larger angular difference between arms (30°) resulted in a larger discrepancy in matched torques. Furthermore, in both experiments 1 and 2, subjects tended to overestimate the reference arm torque. This motivated a third experiment to determine whether providing more personal control might influence perceived effort and reduce the overestimation of the reference torques that we observed ( experiments 3a and 3b). Overestimation of the matched torques decreased significantly when subjects self-selected the reference torque that they were matching. Collectively, our data suggest that perceived effort between arms can be influenced by signals relating to the relative geometry of the limbs and the personal control of motor output during action. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work highlights how limb geometry influences our sense of effort during voluntary motor actions. It also suggests that loss of personal control during motor actions leads to an increase in perceived effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Logan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Jennifer A Semrau
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Calgary , Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada.,Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware
| | - Tyler Cluff
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Stephen H Scott
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Sean P Dukelow
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Calgary , Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
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22
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Iodice P, Ripari P, Pezzulo G. Local high-frequency vibration therapy following eccentric exercises reduces muscle soreness perception and posture alterations in elite athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 119:539-549. [PMID: 30377781 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise-induced muscle damage produces painful sensations (delayed onset of muscle soreness, DOMS). DOMS causes compensatory postural adaptations, which in turn affect athletes' walking and running gait biomechanics. It is still debated whether the postural changes are due to impaired proprioception or pain perception. To disambiguate between these two contrasting hypotheses, we designed a study that tested post-exercise postural adjustments in two groups of athletes: a group who was administered a vibration therapy (VT), to attenuate pain perception, and a control group. METHODS Thirty professional futsal players were tested on five different occasions: baseline, eccentric exercises (EE) session day, 24, 48 and 72 h after EE. Vibration therapy (120 Hz) was applied on legs muscles for 15 min in the experimental group, while no vibration was applied in the control group. The measurements included: isokinetic evaluation, stabilometric test, perceived soreness evaluation and serum levels of creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase. RESULTS 48 h after EE, the control group showed changes in biomechanical parameters (antero-rotations of pelvis, p < 0.05). A substantial alteration in the hip kinematics was found, associated to a reduced contractile force (p < 0.01) and soreness perception. On the contrary, the VT group did not show any change in posture and pain perception. High-intensity VT decreases EE effects on muscle strength and DOMS. CONCLUSIONS DOMS significantly changes athletes' posture; but postural changes disappear following a VT therapy that decreases pain perception. It is concluded that soreness perception is the main cause of postural changes and that its effects can be counteracted using VT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Iodice
- Centre d'Etude des Transformations des Activités Physiques et Sportives (CETAPS), EA 3832, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France.
| | - P Ripari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - G Pezzulo
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies-CNR, Rome, Italy
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23
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Ettinger L, Ostrander T. Gravitational torque partially accounts for proprioceptive acuity. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 62:41-47. [PMID: 30236590 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Proprioception of the upper extremity is commonly measured using joint position sense tasks. Recent evidence suggests heightened position sense at elevation angles in the shoulder and elbow near 90° in the sagittal plane. The influence of external torque has been suggested to play a pivotal role in the heightened acuity in elevated positions due to increased moment arm with respect to gravitational vectors. We hypothesized that the addition of a buoyance vector in opposition to this gravitational vector would reduce the influence of torque on proprioceptive acuity, resulting in consistent position sense errors with respect to elevation angle. Joint position sense was measured using an apple iPod touch using a custom application. Participants elevated their arm to 50, 70 and 90° of elevation in the sagittal plane in the absence of visual feedback. Data were collected in three conditions, normal (control) and submerged and weighted. We found angular differences between control and submerged conditions, but not between control and weighted conditions. When the arm was elevated to 90° in the submerged condition, we found participants undershot the target position by approximately -0.5° with the addition of the buoyancy force vector. Participants without this buoyancy vector at the same target position consistently overshot the target by approximately 2.0°, which suggests that external torque may be more involved in the direction of proprioceptive errors more than the magnitude of the error as the magnitude of the difference was relatively small (2.5°).
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Karasiak FC, Guglielmo LGA. Effects of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Well-Trained Cyclists' Aerobic and Anaerobic Performances. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:2623-2631. [PMID: 30134381 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Karasiak, FC and Guglielmo, LGA. Effects of exercise-induced muscle damage in well-trained cyclists' aerobic and anaerobic performances. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2632-2640, 2018-The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in gross efficiency and in aerobic and anaerobic cycling performances. Nine well-trained cyclists (30.8 ± 6.4 years, cycling experience 8.4 ± 5.6 years) visited the laboratory 5 times. During the first visit, they performed a maximal incremental test on a cycle ergometer, to identify V[Combining Dot Above]O2max (55.2 ± 4.9 ml·kg·min) and maximum aerobic power (Pmax; 327.0 ± 28.5 W). During the second visit (control), they cycled 5 minutes at 60% of Pmax, 5 minutes at 70% of Pmax, 5-minute time trial, and Wingate test. During the third visit, the athletes performed 10 sets of 10 countermovement jumps, to generate EIMD. The athletes repeated the second visit tests (control) 30 minutes, 48 hours (fourth visit), and 96 hours (fifth visit) after the jumps. The rated perceived exertion values increased 48 hours after EIMD (3.8 vs. 3.1) at 60% of Pmax. The ventilation and respiratory exchange ratio increased at 60% of Pmax (up to 4.3 L·min and 0.04, respectively) and at 70% of Pmax (up to 5.4 L·min and 0.05, respectively), mainly after 96 hours. There was no significant difference in V[Combining Dot Above]O2, V[Combining Dot Above]CO2, and heart rate in submaximal exercises, neither in time trial. No differences were observed in the Wingate tests. In conclusion, the EIMD did not impair gross efficiency, nor aerobic and anaerobic performances in trained cyclists. However, despite the benefits of strength training to improve cyclists' performance, coaches must be cautious to the days after the strength training sessions because EIMD may change the perception of maintaining a given submaximal intensity during training or competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio C Karasiak
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Santa Catarina Federal University, Rector João David Ferreira Lima Campus, Sports Center, Trindade, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Warren GL, Call JA, Farthing AK, Baadom-Piaro B. Minimal Evidence for a Secondary Loss of Strength After an Acute Muscle Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2018; 47:41-59. [PMID: 27100114 PMCID: PMC5214801 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An immediate loss of strength follows virtually all types of muscle injury but there is debate whether the initial strength loss is maximal or if a secondary loss of strength occurs during the first 3 days post-injury. OBJECTIVE The objective of this analysis was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature to determine if a secondary loss of strength occurs after an injurious initiating event. METHODS Literature searches were performed using eight electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, Cochrane Library). Search terms included skeletal muscle AND (injur* OR damage*) AND (strength OR force OR torque). The extracted strength data were converted to a standard format by calculating the standardized mean difference, which is reported as the effect size (ES) along with its 95 % confidence interval (CI). The calculation of ES was designed so that a negative ES that was statistically less than zero would be interpreted as indicating a secondary loss of strength. RESULTS A total of 223 studies with over 4000 human and animal subjects yielded data on 262 independent groups and a total of 936 separate ESs. Our overall meta-analysis yielded a small-to-medium, positive overall ES that was statistically greater than zero (overall ES = +0.34, 95 % CI 0.27-0.40; P < 0.00000001). Considerable variation in ES was observed among studies (I 2 = 86 %), which could be partially explained by the research group conducting the study, sex of the subject, day of post-injury strength assessment, whether fatigue was present immediately post-injury, and the muscle group injured. From the subgroup meta-analyses probing these variables, 36 subgroup ESs were calculated and none were statistically less than zero. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings do not support the presence of a secondary loss of strength following an acute muscle injury, and strongly suggest that strength, on average, recovers steadily over the first 3 days post-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon L Warren
- Department of Physical Therapy, Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, PO Box 4019, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.
| | - Jarrod A Call
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Amy K Farthing
- Department of Physical Therapy, Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, PO Box 4019, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
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The sensory origin of the sense of effort is context-dependent. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:1997-2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Relationship between Joint Position Sense, Force Sense, and Muscle Strength and the Impact of Gymnastic Training on Proprioception. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5353242. [PMID: 29670901 PMCID: PMC5835294 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5353242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were (1) to assess the relationship between joint position (JPS) and force sense (FS) and muscle strength (MS) and (2) to evaluate the impact of long-term gymnastic training on particular proprioception aspects and their correlations. 17 elite adult gymnasts and 24 untrained, matched controls performed an active reproduction (AR) and passive reproduction (PR) task and a force reproduction (FR) task at the elbow joint. Intergroup differences and the relationship between JPS, FS, and MS were evaluated. While there was no difference in AR or PR between groups, absolute error in the control group was higher during the PR task (7.15 ± 2.72°) than during the AR task (3.1 ± 1.93°). Mean relative error in the control group was 61% higher in the elbow extensors than in the elbow flexors during 50% FR, while the gymnast group had similar results in both reciprocal muscles. There was no linear correlation between JPS and FS in either group; however, FR was negatively correlated with antagonist MS. In conclusion, this study found no evidence for a relationship between the accuracy of FS and JPS at the elbow joint. Long-term gymnastic training improves the JPS and FS of the elbow extensors.
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Bucci R, Lobbezoo F, Michelotti A, Orfanou C, Koutris M. Delayed-onset muscle soreness does not influence occlusal sensitivity and position sense of the mandible. J Oral Rehabil 2017; 44:655-663. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Bucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences; School of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - F. Lobbezoo
- Department of Oral Kinesiology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - A. Michelotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences; School of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - C. Orfanou
- Department of Oral Kinesiology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. Koutris
- Department of Oral Kinesiology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Ian Gee T, Caplan N, Christian Gibbon K, Howatson G, Grant Thompson K. Investigating the Effects of Typical Rowing Strength Training Practices on Strength and Power Development and 2,000 m Rowing Performance. J Hum Kinet 2016; 50:167-177. [PMID: 28149354 PMCID: PMC5260651 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of a short-term, strength training intervention, typically undertaken by club-standard rowers, on 2,000 m rowing performance and strength and power development. Twenty-eight male rowers were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. All participants performed baseline testing involving assessments of muscle soreness, creatine kinase activity (CK), maximal voluntary contraction (leg-extensors) (MVC), static-squat jumps (SSJ), counter-movement jumps (CMJ), maximal rowing power strokes (PS) and a 2,000 m rowing ergometer time-trial (2,000 m) with accompanying respiratory-exchange and electromyography (EMG) analysis. Intervention group participants subsequently performed three identical strength training (ST) sessions, in the space of five days, repeating all assessments 24 h following the final ST. The control group completed the same testing procedure but with no ST. Following ST, the intervention group experienced significant elevations in soreness and CK activity, and decrements in MVC, SSJ, CMJ and PS (p < 0.01). However, 2,000 m rowing performance, pacing strategy and gas exchange were unchanged across trials in either condition. Following ST, significant increases occurred for EMG (p < 0.05), and there were non-significant trends for decreased blood lactate and anaerobic energy liberation (p = 0.063 – 0.086). In summary, club-standard rowers, following an intensive period of strength training, maintained their 2,000 m rowing performance despite suffering symptoms of muscle damage and disruption to muscle function. This disruption likely reflected the presence of acute residual fatigue, potentially in type II muscle fibres as strength and power development were affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ian Gee
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Caplan
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
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Tan H, Pogosyan A, Ashkan K, Cheeran B, FitzGerald JJ, Green AL, Aziz T, Foltynie T, Limousin P, Zrinzo L, Brown P. Subthalamic nucleus local field potential activity helps encode motor effort rather than force in parkinsonism. J Neurosci 2015; 35:5941-9. [PMID: 25878267 PMCID: PMC4397595 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4609-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Local field potential (LFP) recordings from patients with deep brain stimulation electrodes in the basal ganglia have suggested that frequency-specific activities correlate with force or effort, but previous studies have not been able to disambiguate the two. Here, we dissociated effort from actual force generated by contrasting the force generation of different fingers while recording LFP activity from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with Parkinson's disease who had undergone functional surgery. Patients were studied while on their normal dopaminergic medication. We investigated the relationship between frequency-specific oscillatory activity in the STN and voluntary flexion of either the index or little finger at different effort levels. At each tested effort level (10%, 25%, and 40% of the maximal voluntary contraction force of each individual finger), the index finger generated larger force than the little finger. Movement-related suppression of beta-band power in the STN LFP was significantly modulated by effort, but not by which finger was used, suggesting that the beta suppression in the STN LFP during sustained contraction serves as a proxy for effort. The absolute force scaled with beta power suppression, but with the scaling determined by the maximal voluntary contraction force of the motor effector. Our results argue against the hypothesis that the basal ganglia are directly involved in the parameterization of force during movement and support a role of the STN in the control of motor effort to be attributed to a response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Tan
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TH, Functional Neurosurgery, Experimental Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom,
| | - Alek Pogosyan
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TH, Functional Neurosurgery, Experimental Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kings College Hospital, Kings College London, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom, and
| | - Binith Cheeran
- Functional Neurosurgery, Experimental Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - James J FitzGerald
- Functional Neurosurgery, Experimental Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander L Green
- Functional Neurosurgery, Experimental Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Tipu Aziz
- Functional Neurosurgery, Experimental Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Limousin
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Ludvic Zrinzo
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Brown
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TH, Functional Neurosurgery, Experimental Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
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Jastrzębska AD, Błacha R. Effect of exhaustive incremental treadmill effort on force generation repeatability in biathletes. J Mot Behav 2014; 46:239-45. [PMID: 24730731 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2014.893979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined how force generation repeatability changes as the result of incremental maximal test to volitional exhaustion by well-trained (VO2/kg [mL · kg(-1) · min(-1)] 62.55 ± 5.27) individuals. 13 young biathletes (18.9 ± 1.7 years) performed isometric maximum voluntary contraction (IMVC) and submaximal targeted (98N) pushes against the force transducers by arms: elbow extension (EE), elbow flexion (EF) and legs: knee extensions (KE) in pre- and posttest conditions after incremental exhaustive test performed on treadmill. IMVC did not differ significantly between pre and posttest conditions for upper and statistically decrease in lower extremities measurements (p <.01). The mean force of 10 submaximal targeted force productions (F(mean); N) is similar for pre- and posttest measurements. Standard deviation of F(mean) (Fsd; N) and coefficient variation (CV;%) decrease statistically in elbows flexion p <.02 but not extension. The reduction of force repetition accuracy in left knee extension was noticed (p <.01). The fatigue induced by incremental running test decreases a magnitude of force production variability in specifically trained muscle groups in biathletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka D Jastrzębska
- a University School of Physical Education , Department of Physiology and Biochemistry , Wrocław , Poland
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Paschalis V, Nikolaidis MG, Theodorou AA, Deli CK, Raso V, Jamurtas AZ, Giakas G, Koutedakis Y. The effects of eccentric exercise on muscle function and proprioception of individuals being overweight and underweight. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 27:2542-51. [PMID: 23238093 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31827fc9a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of being overweight or underweight on proprioception at rest and after muscle damaging eccentric exercise. Twelve lean, 12 overweight, and 8 underweight female participants performed an eccentric exercise session using the knee extensor muscles of the dominant leg. Muscle damage indices and proprioception were assessed up to 3 days postexercise. The results indicated that proprioception at baseline of the lean individuals was superior to that of the other 2 groups. The overweight individuals exhibited a smaller knee joint reaction angle to release than did the lean group, whereas the underweight individuals exhibited a larger reaction angle to release than did the lean group. After eccentric exercise, proprioception was affected more in the overweight and the underweight groups than in the lean group. The greater exercise-induced muscle damage appeared in the overweight group, and the deficient muscle mass of the underweight participants could explain in part the greater disturbances that appeared in proprioception in these 2 groups than for the lean counterparts. In conclusion, deviating from the normal body mass is associated with significant disturbances in the proprioception of the legs at rest and after participation in activities involving eccentric actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Paschalis
- Institute of Human Performance and Rehabilitation, Center for Research and Technology, Thessaly, Greece.
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Changes in cortical beta activity related to a biceps brachii movement task while experiencing exercise induced muscle damage. Physiol Behav 2014; 123:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Proske U, Gandevia SC. The proprioceptive senses: their roles in signaling body shape, body position and movement, and muscle force. Physiol Rev 2013; 92:1651-97. [PMID: 23073629 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00048.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 992] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a review of the proprioceptive senses generated as a result of our own actions. They include the senses of position and movement of our limbs and trunk, the sense of effort, the sense of force, and the sense of heaviness. Receptors involved in proprioception are located in skin, muscles, and joints. Information about limb position and movement is not generated by individual receptors, but by populations of afferents. Afferent signals generated during a movement are processed to code for endpoint position of a limb. The afferent input is referred to a central body map to determine the location of the limbs in space. Experimental phantom limbs, produced by blocking peripheral nerves, have shown that motor areas in the brain are able to generate conscious sensations of limb displacement and movement in the absence of any sensory input. In the normal limb tendon organs and possibly also muscle spindles contribute to the senses of force and heaviness. Exercise can disturb proprioception, and this has implications for musculoskeletal injuries. Proprioceptive senses, particularly of limb position and movement, deteriorate with age and are associated with an increased risk of falls in the elderly. The more recent information available on proprioception has given a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these senses as well as providing new insight into a range of clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Proske
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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35
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Fortier S, Basset FA. The effects of exercise on limb proprioceptive signals. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2012; 22:795-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Maenhout AG, Palmans T, De Muynck M, De Wilde LF, Cools AM. The impact of rotator cuff tendinopathy on proprioception, measuring force sensation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2012; 21:1080-6. [PMID: 22036534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of rotator cuff tendinopathy and related impingement on proprioception is not well understood. Numerous quantitative and qualitative changes in shoulder muscles have been shown in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy. These findings suggest that control of force might be affected. This investigation wants to evaluate force sensation, a submodality of proprioception, in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy. METHODS Thirty-six patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy and 30 matched healthy subjects performed force reproduction tests to isometric external and internal rotation to investigate how accurately they could reproduce a fixed target (50% MVC). Relative error, constant error, and force steadiness were calculated to evaluate respectively magnitude of error made during the test, direction of this error (overshoot or undershoot), and fluctuations of produced forces. RESULTS Patients significantly overshoot the target (mean, 6.04% of target) while healthy subjects underestimate the target (mean, -5.76% of target). Relative error and force steadiness are similar in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy and healthy subjects. Force reproduction tests, as executed in this study, were found to be highly reliable (ICC 0.849 and 0.909). Errors were significantly larger during external rotation tests, compared to internal rotation. CONCLUSION Patients overestimate the target during force reproduction tests. This should be taken into account in the rehabilitation of patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy; however, precision of force sensation and steadiness of force exertion remains unaltered. This might indicate that control of muscle force is preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies G Maenhout
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Plattner K, Lambert MI, Tam N, Baumeister J. The response of cortical alpha activity to pain and neuromuscular changes caused by exercise-induced muscle damage. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 24:166-78. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Plattner
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Cape Town, The Sport Science Institute of South Africa; Newlands South Africa
| | - M. I. Lambert
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Cape Town, The Sport Science Institute of South Africa; Newlands South Africa
| | - N. Tam
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Cape Town, The Sport Science Institute of South Africa; Newlands South Africa
| | - J. Baumeister
- Exercise & Brain Laboratory, Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Exercise and Health; University of Paderborn; Paderborn Germany
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Repetitive arm motion-induced fatigue affects shoulder but not endpoint position sense. Exp Brain Res 2011; 216:553-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-011-2959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Madeleine P, Samani A, Binderup AT, Stensdotter AK. Changes in the spatio-temporal organization of the trapezius muscle activity in response to eccentric contractions. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011; 21:277-86. [PMID: 19903315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized changes in the spatial organization of the trapezius muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity after a shoulder eccentric exercise. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE), the size of the soreness area, maximum force and, EMG from the upper, middle and lower trapezius were recorded. Root mean square (RMS), mean frequency (MNF) and normalized mutual information (a measure of functional connectivity between muscle sub-divisions) were computed during submaximal dynamic and static contractions performed before, immediately after and 24 h after exercise. Immediately after exercise, RPE, soreness area, RMS from the upper and middle trapezius and normalized mutual information among upper-middle sub-divisions increased while MNF decreased for the middle trapezius (P<0.05). After 24 h, the maximum force decreased. RMS from the upper trapezius and normalized mutual information among upper-middle trapezius sub-divisions were higher than before exercise. MNF values increased from immediately after to 24 h after for the upper and lower trapezius (P<0.05). The current results underlined changes in the spatio-temporal organization of the trapezius in response to shoulder eccentric exercise. The observed changes in EMG temporal and spectral contents and the enhanced sub-division coupling underlined the functional role of spatial variations of the EMG activity during muscle fatigue and in the presence of delayed-onset muscle soreness.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Madeleine
- Laboratory for Ergonomics and Work-Related Disorders, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Evaluation of the numeric rating scale for perception of effort during isometric elbow flexion exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:1167-75. [PMID: 21769733 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the reliability and validity of the numerical rating scale (0-10 NRS) for rating perception of effort during isometric elbow flexion in healthy people. 33 individuals (32 ± 8 years) participated in the study. Three re-test measurements within one session and three weekly sessions were undertaken to determine the reliability of the scale. The sensitivity of the scale following 10 min isometric fatiguing exercise of the elbow flexors as well as the correlation of the effort with the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the flexor muscles were tested. Perception of effort was tested during isometric elbow flexion at 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 100% MVC. The 0-10 NRS demonstrated an excellent test-retest reliability [intra class correlation (ICC) = 0.99 between measurements taken within a session and 0.96 between 3 consecutive weekly sessions]. Exploratory curve fitting for the relationship between effort ratings and voluntary force, and underlying EMG showed that both are best described by power functions (y = ax ( b )). There were also strong correlations (range 0.89-0.95) between effort ratings and EMG recordings of all flexor muscles supporting the concurrent criterion validity of the measure. The 0-10 NRS was sensitive enough to detect changes in the perceived effort following fatigue and significantly increased at the level of voluntary contraction used in its assessment (p < 0.001). These findings suggest the 0-10 NRS is a valid and reliable scale for rating perception of effort in healthy individuals. Future research should seek to establish the validity of the 0-10 NRS in clinical settings.
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Short-term memory effects of an auditory biofeedback on isometric force control: Is there a differential effect as a function of transition trials? Hum Mov Sci 2011; 30:436-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vila-Chã C, Riis S, Lund D, Møller A, Farina D, Falla D. Effect of unaccustomed eccentric exercise on proprioception of the knee in weight and non-weight bearing tasks. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2011; 21:141-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Philippou A, Bogdanis GC, Maridaki M. Neuromuscular dysfunction with the experimental arm acting as its own reference following eccentric and isometric exercise. Somatosens Mot Res 2011; 27:45-54. [PMID: 20553224 DOI: 10.3109/08990220.2010.483204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Eccentric exercise has been extensively used as a model to study muscle damage-induced neuromuscular impairment, adopting mainly a bilateral matching task between the reference (unexercised) arm and the indicator (exercised) arm. However, little attention has been given to the muscle proprioceptive function when the exercised arm acts as its own reference. This study investigated muscle proprioception and motor control, with the arm acting both as reference and indicator, following eccentric exercise and compared them with those observed after isometric exercise. Fourteen young male volunteers were equally divided into two groups and performed an eccentric or isometric exercise protocol with the elbow flexors of the non-dominant arm on an isokinetic dynamometer. Both exercise protocols induced significant changes in indicators of muscle damage, that is, muscle soreness, range of motion and maximal isometric force post-exercise (p < 0.05-0.001), and neuromuscular function was similarly affected following both protocols. Perception of force was impaired over the 4-day post-exercise period (p < 0.001), with the applied force being systematically overestimated. Perception of joint position was significantly disturbed (i.e., target angle was underestimated) only at one elbow angle on day 4 post-exercise (p < 0.05). The misjudgements and disturbed motor output observed when the exercised arm acted as its own reference concur with the view that they could be a result of a mismatch between the central motor command and an impaired motor control after muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Sports Medicine & Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Lee WH, Kwon OY, Yi CH, Jeon HS, Ha SM. Effects of Taping on Wrist Extensor Force and Joint Position Reproduction Sense of Subjects With and Without Lateral Epicondylitis. J Phys Ther Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1589/jpts.23.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Hwee Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Graduate School, Yonsei University
| | - Oh-Yun Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kinetic Ergocise Based on Movement Analysis Laboratory, College of Health Science, Yonsei University
| | - Chung-Hwi Yi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Yonsei University
| | - Hye-Seon Jeon
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Yonsei University
| | - Sung-Min Ha
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Graduate School, Yonsei University
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Wakefield E, Holtermann A, Mork PJ. The effect of delayed onset of muscle soreness on habitual trapezius activity. Eur J Pain 2010; 15:577-83. [PMID: 21126896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of acute trapezius pain, induced by delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), on habitual trapezius activity. Long-term (5 h) surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity was recorded bilaterally from the clavicular, descending, transverse, and ascending trapezius on two consecutive weekdays in eleven female subjects (mean age 22 years, range 20-24 years). Body and arm posture were recorded by inclinometers. Immediately after the first long-term recording, the subjects performed eccentric depression exercise of the left shoulder to induce DOMS. From day 1 to day 2, pressure pain threshold (PPT) decreased and pain scores on visual analog scale (VAS) increased for the left upper trapezius (P<.004 for all comparisons). Habitual sEMG activity (median sEMG level, μV) of the clavicular and descending part of the exercised left trapezius increased from first to second long-term recording during periods with seated posture (P<.05 for both comparisons). In contrast, trapezius sEMG activity remained unchanged for all other trapezius parts and postures. This study indicates that acute trapezius pain induces elevated habitual trapezius activity during periods with low biomechanical loading of the shoulder/neck muscles with the elevated sEMG activity being restricted to the painful part of the muscle. In contrast to the pain-adaption model, the current study indicates a relation between acute muscle pain and elevated low-level muscle activity; however, it remains unknown if development of chronic muscle pain can be preceded by an initial stage with elevated muscle activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Wakefield
- Department of Human Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Simon AM, Kelly BM, Ferris DP. Preliminary trial of symmetry-based resistance in individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2009; 2009:5294-9. [PMID: 19964119 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5333512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We tested a novel control strategy for robotic rehabilitation devices used by individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis. Symmetry-based resistance increases resistance when limb forces become more asymmetric during bilateral exercise. The underlying rationales for the control mode are that it will guide patients to increase paretic limb activation while teaching them to accurately gauge paretic limb force production relative to the non-paretic limb. During a one day training session, seven subjects post-stroke performed lower limb extensions in symmetry-based resistance mode on a robotic exercise machine. Subjects improved lower limb symmetry from 28.6%+/-3.9% to 36.2%+/-4.3% while under symmetry-based resistance training (ANOVA, P = 0.03), but did not maintain the improved lower limb symmetry during a constant resistance post-test. Two subjects that showed the large improvements in symmetry during the one day session performed additional days of training. Those results suggest that some patients demonstrate long lasting benefits with symmetry-based resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Tazoe T, Sakamoto M, Nakajima T, Endoh T, Shiozawa S, Komiyama T. Remote facilitation of supraspinal motor excitability depends on the level of effort. Eur J Neurosci 2009; 30:1297-305. [PMID: 19769593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stretch reflexes and motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) of a muscle are facilitated when performing intensive contraction of muscles located in a different segment (remote effect). We investigated to what extent the remote effect on MEPs in the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) in humans is modulated during sustained maximal and submaximal voluntary contractions of the ipsilateral quadriceps (remote muscle). We found that even when the force of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the remote muscle declined during sustained MVC, the magnitude of the remote effect on MEPs remained constant. Maximal electrical stimulation of the remote muscle and transcranial magnetic stimulation of the corresponding motor cortex revealed that the level of voluntary activation gradually decreased during the sustained MVC. The motor response in the FCR following magnetic stimulation at the level of the foramen magnum, which preferentially elicits muscle response as a direct response of the corticospinal tract, was not modified by the remote effect during the sustained MVC. This finding suggested that the excitability of the spinal motoneuron pool remained constant. In contrast to the sustained MVC, during sustained submaximal contraction of the remote muscle, the magnitude of the remote effect on MEPs gradually increased as muscle fatigue developed. These findings suggest that the remote effect on MEPs was dependent on the level of effort driving the remote muscle, but not on the actual level of force output of the remote muscle, and that the origin of the remote effect was supraspinal, putatively upstream of the primary motor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Tazoe
- Division of Health and Sport Education, United Graduate School of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Chiba, Japan
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Effect of exercise-induced muscle damage on ventilatory and perceived exertion responses to moderate and severe intensity cycle exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 107:11-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Simon AM, Kelly BM, Ferris DP. Sense of Effort Determines Lower Limb Force Production During Dynamic Movement in Individuals With Poststroke Hemiparesis. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2009; 23:811-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968308331163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study’s purpose was to determine if individuals who have had a stroke primarily use sense of effort to gauge force production during static and dynamic lower limb contractions. If relying on sense of effort while attempting to generate equal limb forces, participants should produce equal percentages of their maximum voluntary strength rather than equal absolute forces in their limbs. Methods. Ten stroke participants performed isometric and isotonic lower limb extensions on an exercise machine. Results. When participants attempted to produce equal bilateral isometric forces, there was a significant difference in absolute force between limbs (ANOVA, P < .0001) but no significant difference when force was normalized to each limb’s maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) force ( P = .5129). During bilateral isotonic contractions, participants produced less absolute force in their paretic limb ( P = .0005) and less relative force in their paretic limb (normalized to MVC force) when participants were given no instructions on how to perform the extension ( P = .0002). When participants were instructed to produce equal forces, there was no significant difference between relative forces in the 2 limbs ( P = .2111). Conclusions. For both isometric and isotonic conditions hemiparetic participants relied primarily on sense of effort, rather than proprioceptive feedback, for gauging lower limb force production. This outcome indicates that sense of effort is the major factor determining force production during movements. Lower limb rehabilitation therapies should not only train strength in the paretic limb but should also train patients to recalibrate force-scaling abilities to improve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,
| | - Brian M. Kelly
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel P. Ferris
- Department of Movement Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Highton JM, Twist C, Eston RG. The Effects of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage on Agility and Sprint Running Performance. J Exerc Sci Fit 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1728-869x(09)60004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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