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Piras A, Bertucco M, Del Santo F, Meoni A, Raffi M. Postural stability assessment in expert versus amateur basketball players during optic flow stimulation. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2024; 74:102855. [PMID: 38183923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2023.102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the role of visual stimulation on postural muscles and the changes in the center of pressure (CoP) during standing posture in expert and amateur basketball players. Participants were instructed to look at a fixation point presented on a screen during foveal, peripheral, and full field optic flow stimuli. Postural mechanisms and motor strategies were assessed by simultaneous recordings of stabilometric, oculomotor, and electromyographic data during visual stimulation. We found significant differences between experts and amateurs in the orientation of visual attention. Experts oriented attention to the right of their visual field, while amateurs to the bottom-right. The displacement in the CoP mediolateral direction showed that experts had a greater postural sway of the right leg, while amateurs on the left leg. The entropy-based data analysis of the CoP mediolateral direction exhibited a greater value in amateurs than in experts. The root-mean-square and the coactivation index analysis showed that experts activated mainly the right leg while amateurs the left leg. In conclusion, playing sports for years seems to have induced some strong differences in the standing posture between the right and left sides. Even during non-ecological visual stimulation, athletes maintain postural adaptations to counteract the body oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Piras
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Bertucco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Meoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Raffi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Cofré Lizama LE, He X, Kalincik T, Galea MP, Panisset MG. Sample Entropy Improves Assessment of Postural Control in Early-Stage Multiple Sclerosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:872. [PMID: 38339590 PMCID: PMC10857195 DOI: 10.3390/s24030872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Postural impairment in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) is an early indicator of disease progression. Common measures of disease assessment are not sensitive to early-stage MS. Sample entropy (SE) may better identify early impairments. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of SE with linear measurements, differentiating pwMS (EDSS 0-4) from healthy controls (HC). 58 pwMS (EDSS ≤ 4) and 23 HC performed quiet standing tasks, combining a hard or foam surface with eyes open or eyes closed as a condition. Sway was recorded at the sternum and lumbar spine. Linear measures, mediolateral acceleration range with eyes open, mediolateral jerk with eyes closed, and SE in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were calculated. A multivariate ANOVA and AUC-ROC were used to determine between-groups differences and discriminative ability, respectively. Mild MS (EDSS ≤ 2.0) discriminability was secondarily assessed. Significantly lower SE was observed under most conditions in pwMS compared to HC, except for lumbar and sternum SE when on a hard surface with eyes closed and in the anteroposterior direction, which also offered the strongest discriminability (AUC = 0.747), even for mild MS. Overall, between-groups differences were task-dependent, and SE (anteroposterior, hard surface, eyes closed) was the best pwMS classifier. SE may prove a useful tool to detect subtle MS progression and intervention effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Eduardo Cofré Lizama
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (X.H.); (M.P.G.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Xiangyu He
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (X.H.); (M.P.G.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Tomas Kalincik
- Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mary P. Galea
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (X.H.); (M.P.G.); (M.G.P.)
- Department of Rehabilitation, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Australian Rehabilitation Research Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Maya G. Panisset
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (X.H.); (M.P.G.); (M.G.P.)
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Taylor ANW, Low DC, Walsh GS, Holt N. The impact of anxiety on postural control: CO 2 challenge model. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14192. [PMID: 36200605 PMCID: PMC10078562 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety and balance and postural control are linked via common neural pathways, such as the parabrachial nucleus network. A laboratory-based model of general anxiety disorder (GAD) using the CO2 challenge, has potential to be used to observe this relationship, potentially mimicking subjective, autonomic, and neuropsychological features of GAD. The current feasibility study used the CO2 challenge to explore postural control changes in healthy adults. It was predicted that during the CO2 condition, participants would show increased postural sway path length and decreased sway stability, compared with a normal air breathing condition. To assess this, heart and breathing rate, quiet standing postural sway path length, sway dynamic stability, and subjective measures of emotion were measured either before and after or during and after the inhalation conditions. Results demonstrated that CO2 inhalation led to both an increase in sway path length and reduced sway stability compared to the air breathing conditions; the effect on sway path lasted after the inhalation of CO2 had ceased. Additionally, replication of HR and subjective measures of emotion were observed when comparing air and CO2 conditions. This provides experimental evidence that CO2 inhalation can affect balance, suggestive of shared mechanisms between anxiety and balance performance, as well as indicating that the CO2 model of GAD is suitable to look at changes in balance performance in healthy adults. Future use of this model to explore factors that can reduce the influence of GAD on balance would be beneficial as would a more detailed exploration of the neural pathways associated with the associated comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel C Low
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Gregory S Walsh
- Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel Holt
- Department of Psychology, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
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Nonlinear and Linear Measures in the Differentiation of Postural Control in Patients after Total Hip or Knee Replacement and Healthy Controls. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071595. [PMID: 35885501 PMCID: PMC9318992 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary osteoarthritis treatments such as a total hip (THR) or knee (TKR) replacement lead to postural control changes reinforced by age. Balance tests such as standing with eyes open (EO) or closed (EC) give a possibility to calculate both linear and nonlinear indicators. This study aimed to find the group of linear and/or nonlinear measures that can differentiate healthy people and patients with TKR or THR from each other. This study enrolled 49 THR patients, 53 TKR patients, and 16 healthy controls. The center of pressure (CoP) path length, sample entropy (SampEn), fractal dimension (FD), and the largest Lyapunov exponent (LyE) were calculated separately for AP and ML directions from standing with EO/EC. Cluster analysis did not result in correct allocation to the groups according to all variables. The discriminant model included LyE (ML-EO, ML-EC, AP-EC), FD (AP-EO, ML-EC, AP-EC), CoP-path AP-EC, and SampEn AP-EC. Regression analysis showed that all nonlinear variables depend on the group. The CoP path length is different only in THR patients. It was concluded that standing with EC is a better way to assess the amount of regularity of CoP movement and attention paid to maintain balance. Nonlinear measures better differentiate TKR and THR patients from healthy controls.
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The Relationship between Personality and Postural Control in Young Adults—A Pilot Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12104978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Postural control is a term used to describe how the central nervous system regulates sensory information from other systems to produce adequate motor output to maintain a controlled, upright posture. Emotions (fear, anxiety) and thus personality type can affect the strategy of body control. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of personality on postural control. Thirty-three healthy individuals participated in this study. The big-five model was used to examine personality traits. Each participant performed four different standing tasks (one and both legs standing with eyes open (eo) and closed (ec): 2eo, 2ec, 1eo, 1ec). We showed that the dominant personality traits in the study group were extraversion and agreeableness. There were significantly low negative associations between nonlinear parameters and personality traits. A moderate correlation was noted for the 1eo trial between Openness and the Lyapunov exponent. In conclusion, nonlinear measures provide a possible link between personality and postural control. The relationships detected are weak. It shows that factors such as visual control and the size of the support area rather than personality will play a significant role in describing postural control.
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Parent A, Ballaz L, Samadi B, Vocos Pht M, Comtois AS, Pouliot-Laforte A. Static Postural Control Deficits in Adults with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1, Steinert Disease. J Neuromuscul Dis 2022; 9:311-320. [PMID: 35001896 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-210639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is characterized by progressive and predominantly distal muscle atrophy and myotonia. Gait and balance impairments, resulting in falls, are frequently reported in this population. However, the extent to which individuals with DM1 rely more on a specific sensory system for balance than asymptomatic individuals (AI) is unknown. OBJECTIVE Evaluate postural control performance in individuals with DM1 and its dependence on vision compared to AI. METHODS 20 participants with DM1, divided into two groups based on their diagnosis, i.e. adult and congenital phenotype, and 12 AI participants were recruited. Quiet standing postural control was assessed in two visual conditions: eyes-open and eyes-closed. The outcomes measures were center of pressure (CoP) mean velocity, CoP range of displacement in anteroposterior and mediolateral axis, and the 95% confidence ellipse's surface. Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance were used to compare outcomes between conditions and groups, respectively. RESULTS Significant group effect and condition effect were observed on postural control performance. No significant difference was observed between the two DM1 groups. The significant differences observed between the AI group and the two DM1 groups in the eyes-open condition were also observed in the eyes-closed condition. CONCLUSIONS The result revealed poorer postural control performance in people with DM1 compared to AI. The DM1 group also showed similar decrease in performance than AI in eyes-closed condition, suggesting no excessive visual dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Parent
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Centre de Réadaptation Marie Enfant, 5200 rue Bélanger, Montreal (Qc), H1T 1C9, Canada.,Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141 Avenue du Président-Kennedy, Local SB-4290, Montreal (Qc), H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Laurent Ballaz
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Centre de Réadaptation Marie Enfant, 5200 rue Bélanger, Montreal (Qc), H1T 1C9, Canada.,Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141 Avenue du Président-Kennedy, Local SB-4290, Montreal (Qc), H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Bahare Samadi
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Centre de Réadaptation Marie Enfant, 5200 rue Bélanger, Montreal (Qc), H1T 1C9, Canada.,Department of MechanicalEngineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal (Qc) H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Maria Vocos Pht
- Centre de réadaptation Lucie-Bruneau du Centreintégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux(CIUSSS) du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 2275 AvenueLaurier E, Montréal (Qc), H2H 2N8, Canada
| | - Alain Steve Comtois
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141 Avenue du Président-Kennedy, Local SB-4290, Montreal (Qc), H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Annie Pouliot-Laforte
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Centre de Réadaptation Marie Enfant, 5200 rue Bélanger, Montreal (Qc), H1T 1C9, Canada.,Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141 Avenue du Président-Kennedy, Local SB-4290, Montreal (Qc), H2X 1Y4, Canada
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Postural Control and Adaptation Strategy of Young Adults on Unstable Surface. Motor Control 2022; 27:179-193. [PMID: 36216337 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2021-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Balance control is essential for postural adjustment in physical activities. This study investigates the behavior of human postural control and the coordination and adaptation strategy of hip, knee, and ankle when standing on an unstable surface. Twenty participants were recruited. Four different conditions were investigated: a quiet bipedal stance with eyes open and eyes closed, and standing on an unstable surface with eyes open and eyes closed. Other than the joint angle, the standard body sway measures, such as sway area and sway velocity, were computed. A nonlinear time series measure, that is, sample entropy, was used to determine the regularity of the time series and body adaptability to change and perturbation. The results show that the body sway increases as the difficulty increases. This study also confirms the coordination of the hip, knee, and ankle to maintain body balance on the unstable surface by decreasing the joint angle and adopting a lower posture. Even though the individual joint has lower sample entropy value and is deemed to be rigid and less adaptive to perturbation, the postural control exhibits higher sample entropy value, particularly in the anterior–posterior direction, and has the ability to stabilize the body by manipulating the joints simultaneously. These outcomes suggest that an unstable surface not only challenges the human postural control, but also reduces the hip, knee, and ankle adaptability to perturbation, thus making it a great tool to train body balance.
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Raffalt PC, Kent JA, Stergiou N. Inter-limb coupling in individuals with transtibial amputation during bilateral stance is direction dependent. Hum Mov Sci 2021; 79:102861. [PMID: 34392188 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2021.102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the control of upright standing in individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA) by assessing the inter-limb coupling and the coupling between the center of pressure beneath both limbs combined (COPNET) and the center of pressure (COP) beneath the prosthetic limb and the intact limb. Twenty-one adults with TTA and eighteen unimpaired adults completed 90 s of standing on two parallel force plates. The inter-limb coupling and the coupling between the COP beneath each limb and the COPNET were assessed by quantifying the synchronization of the COP signals. This included the number of epochs with synchronized signals, the total duration of signal synchronization and the relative phase and deviation phase between the signals. Additionally, magnitude and temporal characteristics of the COP displacements were quantified. Individuals with TTA exhibited looser inter-limb coupling in the anterior-posterior direction, characterized by more shifts between epochs with synchronized signals, shorter total duration of signal synchronization, less in-phase coordination patterns and a higher deviation phase between the two limbs, compared to unimpaired individuals. This coincided with a larger and more irregular postural sway in the TTA group. No group difference was observed in the mediolateral direction. The coupling between the COPNET and the COP beneath the individual limbs was similarly direction dependent, and tighter for the intact side, suggesting that an intact limb-driven strategy was utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Raffalt
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806 Oslo, Norway; Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive, Omaha, NE 68182-0860, USA
| | - Jenny A Kent
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive, Omaha, NE 68182-0860, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Nick Stergiou
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive, Omaha, NE 68182-0860, USA; College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4355, USA.
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Madeleine P, Marandi RZ, Norheim KL, Andersen JB, Samani A. Sitting dynamics during computer work are age-dependent. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 93:103391. [PMID: 33636483 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This laboratory study aimed to characterize the dynamics of sitting during a 40 min computer task in 20 younger (YG) and 18 older (OG) computer users. The position of the center of pressure (COP) in anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) direction was computed. The range, velocity, area, standard deviation (SD) and sample entropy (SaEn) values were extracted. The range, velocity and area of the COP displacement were larger in the AP while the SD and SaEn were respectively larger and smaller in both AP and ML for the OG than the YG. The findings revealed altered dynamics of sitting among older computer users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Madeleine
- Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Ramtin Z Marandi
- Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Kristoffer L Norheim
- Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Jacob B Andersen
- Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Afshin Samani
- Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Błażkiewicz M, Kędziorek J, Hadamus A. The Impact of Visual Input and Support Area Manipulation on Postural Control in Subjects after Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 23:375. [PMID: 33804770 PMCID: PMC8004071 DOI: 10.3390/e23030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent health concern among older adults and is associated with an increased risk of falls that may result in fracture, injury, or even death. Identifying the risk factors for falls and assessing the complexity of postural control within this population is essential for developing effective regimes for fall prevention. The aim of this study was to assess postural control in individuals recovering from osteoporotic vertebral fractures while performing various stability tasks. Seventeen individuals with type II osteoporosis and 17 healthy subjects participated in this study. The study involved maintaining balance while standing barefoot on both feet for 20 s on an Advanced Mechanical Technology Inc. (AMTI) plate, with eyes open, eyes closed, and eyes closed in conjunction with a dual-task. Another three trials lasting 10 s each were undertaken during a single-leg stance under the same conditions. Fall risk was assessed using the Biodex Balance platform. Nonlinear measures were used to assess center of pressure (CoP) dynamics in all trials. Reducing the support area or elimination of the visual control led to increased sample entropy and fractal dimension. Results of the nonlinear measurements indicate that individuals recovering from osteoporotic vertebral fractures are characterized by decreased irregularity, mainly in the medio-lateral direction and reduced complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Błażkiewicz
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Justyna Kędziorek
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Hadamus
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
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Nonlinear Measures to Evaluate Upright Postural Stability: A Systematic Review. ENTROPY 2020; 22:e22121357. [PMID: 33266239 PMCID: PMC7760950 DOI: 10.3390/e22121357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conventional biomechanical analyses of human movement have been generally derived from linear mathematics. While these methods can be useful in many situations, they fail to describe the behavior of the human body systems that are predominately nonlinear. For this reason, nonlinear analyses have become more prevalent in recent literature. These analytical techniques are typically investigated using concepts related to variability, stability, complexity, and adaptability. This review aims to investigate the application of nonlinear metrics to assess postural stability. A systematic review was conducted of papers published from 2009 to 2019. Databases searched were PubMed, Google Scholar, Science-Direct and EBSCO. The main inclusion consisted of: Sample entropy, fractal dimension, Lyapunov exponent used as nonlinear measures, and assessment of the variability of the center of pressure during standing using force plate. Following screening, 43 articles out of the initial 1100 were reviewed including 33 articles on sample entropy, 10 articles on fractal dimension, and 4 papers on the Lyapunov exponent. This systematic study shows the reductions in postural regularity related to aging and the disease or injures in the adaptive capabilities of the movement system and how the predictability changes with different task constraints.
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Raffalt PC, Fillingsnes Marker I, Adler AT, Alkjaer T. Dynamics of Postural Control in Elite Sport Rifle Shooters. J Mot Behav 2020; 53:20-29. [PMID: 32046607 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2020.1723478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen shooters and eleven non-shooters completed two-legged and single-legged stance on a force platform. The dynamics of the center of pressure trajectory was assessed using sample entropy, correlation dimension and entropic half-life. Additionally, the body sway was quantified as the elliptical area of the trajectory. The shooters had lower sample entropy and tended to have longer entropic half-life during the single-legged stance. Across the two tasks, the correlation dimension in the anterior-posterior direction and the body sway in both directions were lower in the shooters. This suggests that extensive training in quiet stance is associated with altered postural control, especially during challenging single-legged stance and to a lesser extend during two-legged stance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Raffalt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Tine Alkjaer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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