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Zhou Q, Tao C, Yuan J, Pan F, Wang R. Knowledge mapping of AURKA in Oncology:An advanced Bibliometric analysis (1998-2023). Heliyon 2024; 10:e31945. [PMID: 38912486 PMCID: PMC11190563 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AURKA, also known as Aurora kinase A, is a key molecule involved in the occurrence and progression of cancer. It plays crucial roles in various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, mitosis, and chromosome segregation. Dysregulation of AURKA has been implicated in tumorigenesis, promoting cell proliferation, genomic instability, and resistance to apoptosis. In this study, we conducted an extensive bibliometric analysis of research focusing on Aurora-A in the context of cancer by utilizing the Web of Science literature database. Various sophisticated computational tools, such as VOSviewer, Citespace, Biblioshiny R, and Cytoscape, were employed for comprehensive literature analysis and big data mining from January 1998 to September 2023.The primary objectives of our study were multi-fold. Firstly, we aimed to explore the chronological development of AURKA research, uncovering the evolution of scientific understanding over time. Secondly, we investigated shifting trends in research topics, elucidating areas of increasing interest and emerging frontiers. Thirdly, we delved into intricate signaling pathways and protein interaction networks associated with AURKA, providing insights into its complex molecular mechanisms. To further enhance the value of our bibliometric analysis, we conducted a meta-analysis on the prognostic value of AURKA in terms of patient survival. The results were visually presented, offering a comprehensive overview and future perspectives on Aurora-A research in the field of oncology. This study not only contributes to the existing body of knowledge but also provides valuable guidance for researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical professionals. By harnessing the power of bibliometrics, our findings offer a deeper understanding of the role of AURKA in cancer and pave the way for innovative research directions and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, PR China
| | - Chunyu Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, PR China
| | - Jiakai Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, PR China
| | - Fan Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, PR China
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2
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Yang C, Plum PS, Gockel I, Thieme R. Pan-cancer analysis and in vitro validation of the oncogenic and prognostic roles of AURKA in human cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1186101. [PMID: 37965456 PMCID: PMC10642189 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1186101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aurora kinase A (AURKA) plays a pivotal role in regulating cell mitosis and tumor progression. However, its prognostic significance across diverse cancer types remains relatively unexplored. Methods We conducted a comprehensive analysis of AURKA expression in various cancers using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, and The Human Protein Atlas databases. Our investigation encompassed an exploration of the associations between AURKA expression and clinical characteristics, shedding light on potential functional roles of AURKA. Additionally, we delved into the relationship between AURKA and the tumor microenvironment. To substantiate the role of AURKA, we carried out in vitro experiments in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), prostate cancer (PRAD), and pancreatic cancer (PAAD) cells. Results Our analysis revealed that AURKA is prominently overexpressed in a majority of the cancer types under investigation. Elevated AURKA expression correlated closely with poorer prognosis and advanced tumor stages. AURKA was found to be associated with key pathways involved in the cell cycle and arachidonic acid metabolism. Moreover, AURKA expression exhibited significant correlations with immunoregulatory genes and immune cell profiles. Notably, in vitro experiments demonstrated that silencing AURKA expression resulted in reduced cell viability in EAC, PRAD, and PAAD cells, as well as a decrease in clone formation, cell cycle elongation, diminished cell invasion and reduced spheroid size in EAC cells (OE33 and OE19). Conclusion Our study elucidates the oncogenic role of AURKA and underscores its prognostic value across a spectrum of cancers, including EAC. These findings suggest that AURKA holds promise as a predictive biomarker for EAC and various other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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3
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Ramon-Patino JL, Ruz-Caracuel I, Heredia-Soto V, Garcia de la Calle LE, Zagidullin B, Wang Y, Berjon A, Lopez-Janeiro A, Miguel M, Escudero J, Gallego A, Castelo B, Yebenes L, Hernandez A, Feliu J, Pelaez-García A, Tang J, Hardisson D, Mendiola M, Redondo A. Prognosis Stratification Tools in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer: Could We Improve Their Accuracy? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:912. [PMID: 35205661 PMCID: PMC8869938 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There are three prognostic stratification tools used for endometrial cancer: ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO 2016, ProMisE, and ESGO-ESTRO-ESP 2020. However, these methods are not sufficiently accurate to address prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the integration of molecular classification and other biomarkers could be used to improve the prognosis stratification in early-stage endometrial cancer. Relapse-free and overall survival of each classifier were analyzed, and the c-index was employed to assess accuracy. Other biomarkers were explored to improve the precision of risk classifiers. We analyzed 293 patients. A comparison between the three classifiers showed an improved accuracy in ESGO-ESTRO-ESP 2020 when RFS was evaluated (c-index = 0.78), although we did not find broad differences between intermediate prognostic groups. Prognosis of these patients was better stratified with the incorporation of CTNNB1 status to the 2020 classifier (c-index 0.81), with statistically significant and clinically relevant differences in 5-year RFS: 93.9% for low risk, 79.1% for intermediate merged group/CTNNB1 wild type, and 42.7% for high risk (including patients with CTNNB1 mutation). The incorporation of molecular classification in risk stratification resulted in better discriminatory capability, which could be improved even further with the addition of CTNNB1 mutational evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Ramon-Patino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.R.-P.); (L.E.G.d.l.C.); (A.G.); (B.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Ignacio Ruz-Caracuel
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-C.); (A.B.); (A.L.-J.); (L.Y.); (D.H.)
| | - Victoria Heredia-Soto
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (V.H.-S.); (M.M.); (J.E.)
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Cancer Network (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Eduardo Garcia de la Calle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.R.-P.); (L.E.G.d.l.C.); (A.G.); (B.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Bulat Zagidullin
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (B.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Yinyin Wang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (B.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Alberto Berjon
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-C.); (A.B.); (A.L.-J.); (L.Y.); (D.H.)
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alvaro Lopez-Janeiro
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-C.); (A.B.); (A.L.-J.); (L.Y.); (D.H.)
| | - Maria Miguel
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (V.H.-S.); (M.M.); (J.E.)
| | - Javier Escudero
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (V.H.-S.); (M.M.); (J.E.)
| | - Alejandro Gallego
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.R.-P.); (L.E.G.d.l.C.); (A.G.); (B.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Beatriz Castelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.R.-P.); (L.E.G.d.l.C.); (A.G.); (B.C.); (J.F.)
- Cátedra UAM-ANGEM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Yebenes
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-C.); (A.B.); (A.L.-J.); (L.Y.); (D.H.)
| | - Alicia Hernandez
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Feliu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.R.-P.); (L.E.G.d.l.C.); (A.G.); (B.C.); (J.F.)
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (V.H.-S.); (M.M.); (J.E.)
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Cancer Network (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cátedra UAM-ANGEM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Pelaez-García
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jing Tang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (B.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.T.)
| | - David Hardisson
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-C.); (A.B.); (A.L.-J.); (L.Y.); (D.H.)
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Cancer Network (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Mendiola
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Cancer Network (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Andres Redondo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.R.-P.); (L.E.G.d.l.C.); (A.G.); (B.C.); (J.F.)
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (V.H.-S.); (M.M.); (J.E.)
- Cátedra UAM-ANGEM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Alkhateeb KJ, Crane JE, Sak M, Jorgensen CJ, O'Donnell JP, Zumbar CT, Wozniak JA, Salazar CR, Parwani AV, Lehman NL. Aurora-A kinase is differentially expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm in normal Müllerian epithelium and benign, borderline and malignant serous ovarian neoplasms. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:98. [PMID: 34706741 PMCID: PMC8549328 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aurora-A kinase is important for cellular proliferation and is implicated in the tumorigenesis of several malignancies, including of the ovary. Information regarding the expression patterns of Aurora-A in normal Müllerian epithelium as well as benign, borderline and malignant epithelial ovarian neoplasms is limited. Methods We investigated Aurora-A expression by immunohistochemistry in 15 benign, 19 borderline and 17 malignant ovarian serous tumors, and 16 benign, 8 borderline, and 2 malignant ovarian mucinous tumors. Twelve fimbriae from seven patients served as normal Müllerian epithelium controls. We also examined Aurora-A protein expression by western blot in normal fimbriae and tumor specimens. Results All normal fimbriae (n = 12) showed nuclear but not cytoplasmic Aurora-A immunoreactivity by immunohistochemistry. Benign ovarian tumors also showed strong nuclear Aurora-A immunoreactivity. Forty-eight percent (13/27) of borderline tumors demonstrated nuclear Aurora-A immunoreactivity, while the remainder (52%, 14/27) lacked Aurora-A staining. Nuclear Aurora-A immunoreactivity was absent in all malignant serous tumors, however, 47% (8/17) demonstrated perinuclear cytoplasmic staining. These results were statistically significant when tumor class (benign/borderline/malignant) was compared to immunoreactivity localization or intensity (Fisher Exact Test, p < 0.01). Western blot analysis confirmed the greater nuclear Aurora-A expression in control Müllerian epithelium compared to borderline and malignant tumors. Conclusion Aurora-A kinase is differentially expressed across normal Müllerian epithelium, benign and borderline serous and mucinous ovarian epithelial neoplasms and malignant serous ovarian tumors., with nuclear expression of unphosphorylated Aurora-A being present in normal and benign neoplastic epithelium, and lost in malignant serous neoplasms. Further studies of the possible biological and clinical implications of the loss of nuclear Aurora-A expression in ovarian tumors, and its role in ovarian carcinogenesis are warranted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13000-021-01158-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled J Alkhateeb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jason E Crane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Müge Sak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Caitlin J Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - James P O'Donnell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Cory T Zumbar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jason A Wozniak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Clarence R Salazar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Anil V Parwani
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Norman L Lehman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,The Brown Cancer Center, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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5
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Pérez-Fidalgo JA, Gambardella V, Pineda B, Burgues O, Piñero O, Cervantes A. Aurora kinases in ovarian cancer. ESMO Open 2021; 5:e000718. [PMID: 33087400 PMCID: PMC7580081 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinases (AURK) are key regulators of the mitotic spindle formation. AURK is frequently overexpressed in ovarian cancer and this overexpression has been frequently associated with prognosis in these tumours. Interestingly, AURK have been shown to interact with DNA repair mechanisms and other cell cycle regulators. These functions have brought light to Aurora family as a potential target for anticancer therapy. In the last years, two clinical trials with different AURK inhibitors have shown activity in epithelial and clear-cell ovarian cancer. Although there is a lack of predictive factors of AURK inhibition activity, recent trials have identified some candidates. This review will focus in the functions of the AURK family, its role as prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer and potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alejandro Pérez-Fidalgo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, Biomedical Research Institute, INCLIVA, CIBERONC and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Valentina Gambardella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, Biomedical Research Institute, INCLIVA, CIBERONC and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Pineda
- Department of Physiology, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, CIBERONC and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Octavio Burgues
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Valencai, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Piñero
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, CIBERONC and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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6
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Mendiola M, Martínez-Marin V, Herranz J, Heredia V, Yébenes L, Zamora P, Castelo B, Pinto Á, Miguel M, Díaz E, Gámez A, Fresno JÁ, Ramírez de Molina A, Hardisson D, Espinosa E, Redondo A. Predictive value of angiogenesis-related gene profiling in patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer treated with bevacizumab and weekly paclitaxel. Oncotarget 2018; 7:24217-27. [PMID: 26992213 PMCID: PMC5029696 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bevacizumab plus weekly paclitaxel improves progression-free survival (PFS) in HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC), but its use has been questioned due to the absence of a predictive biomarker, lack of benefit in overall survival (OS) and increased toxicity. We examined the baseline tumor angiogenic-related gene expression of 60 patients with mBC with the aim of finding a signature that predicts benefit from this drug. Multivariate analysis by Lasso-penalized Cox regression generated two predictive models: one, named G-model, including 11 genes, and the other one, named GC-model, including 13 genes plus 5 clinical covariates. Both models identified patients with improved PFS (HR (Hazard Ratio) 2.57 and 4.04, respectively) and OS (HR 3.29 and 3.43, respectively). The G-model distinguished low and high risk patients in the first 6 months, whereas the GC-model maintained significance over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mendiola
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, La Paz University Hospital - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez-Marin
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Translational Oncology Group, La Paz University Hospital - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Herranz
- IMDEA, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CEI (UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Heredia
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, La Paz University Hospital - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Yébenes
- Department of Pathology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Zamora
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Translational Oncology Group, La Paz University Hospital - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Castelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Translational Oncology Group, La Paz University Hospital - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Pinto
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Translational Oncology Group, La Paz University Hospital - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Miguel
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, La Paz University Hospital - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Díaz
- Translational Oncology Group, La Paz University Hospital - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angelo Gámez
- Translational Oncology Group, La Paz University Hospital - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ángel Fresno
- Translational Oncology Group, La Paz University Hospital - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Hardisson
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, La Paz University Hospital - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Espinosa
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Translational Oncology Group, La Paz University Hospital - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Redondo
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Translational Oncology Group, La Paz University Hospital - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Wang C, Yan Q, Hu M, Qin D, Feng Z. Effect of AURKA Gene Expression Knockdown on Angiogenesis and Tumorigenesis of Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Target Oncol 2017; 11:771-781. [PMID: 27250762 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-016-0436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant gynecological cancers. Higher expression of AURKA has been found in immortalized human ovarian epithelial cells in previous studies, implying the relationship between AURKA and ovarian cancer pathogenesis. AIM We investigated the effect of AURKA on angiogenesis and tumorigenesis of human ovarian cancer cells. METHODS Firstly, the expression of AURKA in HO8910 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell lines was knocked down using a vector expressing a short hairpin small interfering RNA (shRNA). Next, the effect of knockdown of AURKA on cell angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, and invasion was determined by microtubule formation assay, proliferation assay, transwell migration, and invasion assays. In addition, the effect of AURKA knockdown on angiogenesis and tumorigenesis was also determined in a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and in nude mice. RESULTS The results of the microtubule formation assay indicated that knockdown of AURKA significantly inhibited ovarian cancer cell-induced angiogenesis of endothelial cells compared to its control (P < 0.001). Knockdown of AURKA also significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of HO8910 and SKOV3 cells in vitro. Furthermore, the Matrigel plug assay showed that knockdown of AURKA significantly repressed ovarian cancer cell-induced angiogenesis in nude mice (P < 0.05), and the CAMs model also showed that AURKA knockdown significantly attenuated the angiogenesis (P < 0.001) and tumorigenesis (P < 0.001) of HO8910 cells compared to the control. Finally, the tumorigenicity assay in vivo further indicated that AURKA shRNA reduced tumorigenesis in nude mice inoculated with ovarian cancer cells (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the potential role of AURKA in angiogenesis and tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Qin
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqing Feng
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Li Y, Zhou W, Tang K, Chen X, Feng Z, Chen J. Silencing Aurora A leads to re-sensitization of breast cancer cells to Taxol through downregulation of SRC-mediated ERK and mTOR pathways. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2011-2022. [PMID: 28849180 PMCID: PMC5652950 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While Taxol has been reported to improve the clinical survival of breast cancer patients, subsequently developed drug-resistance of the cancer cells limits its final efficacy and applications. Previous studies suggested that Aurora A is involved in the development of the Taxol-resistance of breast cancer. We established Taxol-resistant breast cancer MCF-7/T cells and xenograft models to explore the role of Aurora A in Taxol resistant ER-positive breast cancer. Compared with their parental MCF-7/C cells, the Taxol-resistant MCF-7/T cells exhibited enhanced colony formation, less cell death and higher invasive ability. The resistant cells presented overexpressed Aurora A, elevated phosphorylated SRC and upregulated Ras/Raf/ERK and Akt/mTOR pathways. Silencing of Aurora A reduced the activity of SRC and downregulated the ERK and Akt/mTOR pathways, which led to re-sensitization of the resistant MCF-7/T cells to Taxol in vitro. These results suggested that the activation of Aurora A and the subsequent upregulation of ERK and Akt through SRC induced Taxol-resistance in breast cancer cells, and inhibiting Aurora A and the related SRC/EKT/Akt pathway could restore the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to Taxol. These results might shed light on the development of strategies to circumvent Taxol-related chemoresistance in breast cancer clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Nature Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Wanqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Nature Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Ke Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Nature Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Nature Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jindong Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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9
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Breast Cancer Risk Associated with Genotype Polymorphisms of the Aurora Kinase a Gene (AURKA): a Case-Control Study in a High Altitude Ecuadorian Mestizo Population. Pathol Oncol Res 2017. [PMID: 28647900 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer related death among women in 2014. The AURKA gene that encodes the protein called Aurora kinase A plays an important role in the progression of the cell cycle, by controlling and promoting the entry into the phase of mitosis. The single nucleotide polymorphism AURKA T91A (rs2273535) (Phe21Ile) has been identified as functional alternator of this kinase, the Ile allele is associated with the occurrence of chromosome segregation errors and tumor progression. Therefore, it is essential to know how BC risk is associated with histopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical characteristics, and genotype polymorphism in a high altitude Ecuadorian mestizo population. In this retrospective case-control study 200 individuals were analyzed. DNA was extracted from 100 healthy and 100 affected women. Genotypes were determined by genomic sequencing. We found significant association between the AURKA T91A (rs2273535) (Phe21Ile) genotype and an increased risk of BC development: Phe/Ile (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-4.9; P = 0.004), Ile/Ile (OR = 3.8; 95% CI = 1.6-9.0; P = 0.002), and Phe/Ile + Ile/Ile (OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.6-5.2; P = 0.001). Additionally, the rs2273535 variant was associated with the tumor grade SBR III (OR = 9.6; 95% CI = 1.0-91.9; P = 0.048) and the Ki-67 ≥ 20 (OR = 16.5; 95% CI = 2.7-101.3; P = 0.002). In brief, this study provides the first evidence where the Ile allele of the AURKA gene could act as potentially predictive biomarker of BC in the high altitude Ecuadorian mestizo population that lives at 2800 m above sea level (masl).
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Gayarre J, Kamieniak MM, Cazorla-Jiménez A, Muñoz-Repeto I, Borrego S, García-Donas J, Hernando S, Robles-Díaz L, García-Bueno JM, Ramón Y Cajal T, Hernández-Agudo E, Heredia Soto V, Márquez-Rodas I, Echarri MJ, Lacambra-Calvet C, Sáez R, Cusidó M, Redondo A, Paz-Ares L, Hardisson D, Mendiola M, Palacios J, Benítez J, García MJ. The NER-related gene GTF2H5 predicts survival in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. J Gynecol Oncol 2015; 27:e7. [PMID: 26463438 PMCID: PMC4695457 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2016.27.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of the nucleotide excision repair-related gene GTF2H5, which is localized at the 6q24.2-26 deletion previously reported by our group to predict longer survival of high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. METHODS In order to test if protein levels of GTF2H5 are associated with patients' outcome, we performed GTF2H5 immunohistochemical staining in 139 high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas included in tissue microarrays. Upon stratification of cases into high- and low-GTF2H5 staining categories (> and ≤ median staining, respectively) Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test were used to estimate patients' survival and assess statistical differences. We also evaluated the association of GTF2H5 with survival at the transcriptional level by using the on-line Kaplan-Meier plotter tool, which includes gene expression and survival data of 855 high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients from 13 different datasets. Finally, we determined whether stable short hairpin RNA-mediated GTF2H5 downregulation modulates cisplatin sensitivity in the SKOV3 and COV504 cell lines by using cytotoxicity assays. RESULTS Low expression of GTF2H5 was associated with longer 5-year survival of patients at the protein (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.93; p=0.024) and transcriptional level (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.97; p=0.023) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. We confirmed the association with 5-year overall survival (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.78; p=0.0007) and also found an association with progression-free survival (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.96; p=0.026) in a homogenous group of 388 high-stage (stages III-IV using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system), optimally debulked high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. GTF2H5-silencing induced a decrease of the half maximal inhibitory concentration upon cisplatin treatment in GTF2H5-silenced ovarian cancer cells. CONCLUSION Low levels of GTF2H5 are associated with enhanced prognosis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients and may contribute to cisplatin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gayarre
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta M Kamieniak
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ivan Muñoz-Repeto
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salud Borrego
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction, and Fetal Medicine, IBIS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Susana Hernando
- Department of Oncology, Fundación Hospital Alcorcón, Alcorcon, Spain
| | - Luis Robles-Díaz
- Familial Cancer Unit and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Elena Hernández-Agudo
- Breast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Heredia Soto
- Pathology and Translational Oncology Research Laboratories, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Márquez-Rodas
- Medical Oncology Service, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Raquel Sáez
- Laboratory of Genetics, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maite Cusidó
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Redondo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital La Paz IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Hardisson
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hospital La Paz IdiPAZ, and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Mendiola
- Pathology and Translational Oncology Research Laboratories, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Palacios
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Benítez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José García
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Kondrashova O, Love CJ, Lunke S, Hsu AL, Waring PM, Taylor GR. High-Throughput Amplicon-Based Copy Number Detection of 11 Genes in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Ovarian Tumour Samples by MLPA-Seq. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143006. [PMID: 26569395 PMCID: PMC4646639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst next generation sequencing can report point mutations in fixed tissue tumour samples reliably, the accurate determination of copy number is more challenging. The conventional Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) assay is an effective tool for measurement of gene dosage, but is restricted to around 50 targets due to size resolution of the MLPA probes. By switching from a size-resolved format, to a sequence-resolved format we developed a scalable, high-throughput, quantitative assay. MLPA-seq is capable of detecting deletions, duplications, and amplifications in as little as 5ng of genomic DNA, including from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumour samples. We show that this method can detect BRCA1, BRCA2, ERBB2 and CCNE1 copy number changes in DNA extracted from snap-frozen and FFPE tumour tissue, with 100% sensitivity and >99.5% specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kondrashova
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare J. Love
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arthur L. Hsu
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Australian Ovarian Cancer Study (AOCS) Group
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Departments of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul M. Waring
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham R. Taylor
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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He Y, Jiang W, Qian X, Liu F, Zhang Q, You C. Role of Aurora-A in Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Oncol Res Treat 2015; 38:442-7. [PMID: 26406304 DOI: 10.1159/000439194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, several studies have examined associations between Aurora-A expression and clinical outcome in patients with ovarian cancer, but yielded conflicting results with respect to survival. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of Aurora-A in ovarian cancer by performing a meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Embase, Medline and Chinese BioMed Database (CBM) databases were searched systematically and only articles in which Aurora-A expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining were included. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS Our results show that the pooled HR for OS was 1.40 (95% CI 0.82-1.98, p < 0.01) by univariate analysis in 7 articles (1,028) and 0.32 (95% CI 0.04-0.615, p = 0.23) by multivariate analysis in 3 studies (155). The association between Aurora-A expression and DFS was also statistically significant in 5 studies (HR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.50-1.78, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION This present meta-analysis suggests that the Aurora-A expression may be associated with poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Furthermore, studies of larger scale and well-matched regimes are warranted to confirm the findings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Zhang J, Li B, Yang Q, Zhang P, Wang H. Prognostic value of Aurora kinase A (AURKA) expression among solid tumor patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2015; 45:629-36. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyv058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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14
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Baldini E, Tuccilli C, Prinzi N, Sorrenti S, Falvo L, De Vito C, Catania A, Tartaglia F, Mocini R, Coccaro C, Alessandrini S, Barollo S, Mian C, Antonelli A, De Antoni E, D’Armiento M, Ulisse S. Deregulated expression of Aurora kinases is not a prognostic biomarker in papillary thyroid cancer patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121514. [PMID: 25807528 PMCID: PMC4373730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of reports indicated that Aurora-A or Aurora-B overexpression represented a negative prognostic factor in several human malignancies. In thyroid cancer tissues a deregulated expression of Aurora kinases has been also demonstrated, but no information regarding its possible prognostic role in differentiated thyroid cancer is available. Here, we evaluated Aurora-A and Aurora-B mRNA expression and its prognostic relevance in a series of 87 papillary thyroid cancers (PTC), with a median follow-up of 63 months. The analysis of Aurora-A and Aurora-B mRNA levels in PTC tissues, compared to normal matched tissues, revealed that their expression was either up- or down-regulated in the majority of cancer tissues. In particular, Aurora-A and Aurora-B mRNA levels were altered, respectively, in 55 (63.2%) and 79 (90.8%) out of the 87 PTC analyzed.A significant positive correlation between Aurora-A and Aurora-B mRNAs was observed (p=0.001). The expression of both Aurora genes was not affected by the BRAFV600E mutation. Univariate, multivariate and Kaplan-Mayer analyses documented the lack of association between Aurora-A or Aurora-B expression and clinicopathological parameters such as gender, age, tumor size, histology, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and BRAF status as well as disease recurrences or disease-free interval. Only Aurora-B mRNA was significantly higher in T(3-4) tissues, with respect to T(1-2) PTC tissues. The data reported here demonstrate that the expression of Aurora kinases is deregulated in the majority of PTC tissues, likely contributing to PTC progression. However, differently from other human solid cancers, detection of Aurora-A or Aurora-B mRNAs is not a prognostic biomarker in PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enke Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Tuccilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalie Prinzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sorrenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Falvo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Catania
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Renzo Mocini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Coccaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Susi Barollo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Mian
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico De Antoni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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15
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Shiomitsu K, Sajo E, Rubin C, Sehgal I. The radiosensitizing effect of the aurora kinase inhibitors, ENMD-2076, on canine mast cell tumours in vitro. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 14:13-27. [PMID: 23763774 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ENMD-2076 is an aurora kinase inhibitor that also has multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor properties. In this study, the mRNA and the protein expression of aurora-A and aurora-B were evaluated in three canine mast cell tumour cell lines. Dose-dependent cytotoxicity was seen in the cells treated, and it affected the cell cycle with cells in the G2/M phase being selectively killed. The cells were also evaluated for radiosensitivity with/without ENMD-2076, and radiosensitization was seen after 3 Gy and 6 Gy exposures with ENMD-2076 for 48 h. Protein expression of caspase-3 was gradually increased, and the expression intensity was highest at 24 h post irradiation in cells without ENMD-2076 treatment, which indicates that radiation exposure with ENMD-2076-induced cell death faster than radiation treatment alone. Our study results suggest the potential usefulness of treating canine mast cell tumours with aurora kinase inhibitors alone or in conjunction with radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shiomitsu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Cancer Treatment Unit, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - E Sajo
- Department of Physics, Medical Physics Program, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - C Rubin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Cancer Treatment Unit, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - I Sehgal
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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16
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Nikonova AS, Astsaturov I, Serebriiskii IG, Dunbrack RL, Golemis EA. Aurora A kinase (AURKA) in normal and pathological cell division. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:661-87. [PMID: 22864622 PMCID: PMC3607959 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Temporally and spatially controlled activation of the Aurora A kinase (AURKA) regulates centrosome maturation, entry into mitosis, formation and function of the bipolar spindle, and cytokinesis. Genetic amplification and mRNA and protein overexpression of Aurora A are common in many types of solid tumor, and associated with aneuploidy, supernumerary centrosomes, defective mitotic spindles, and resistance to apoptosis. These properties have led Aurora A to be considered a high-value target for development of cancer therapeutics, with multiple agents currently in early-phase clinical trials. More recently, identification of additional, non-mitotic functions and means of activation of Aurora A during interphase neurite elongation and ciliary resorption have significantly expanded our understanding of its function, and may offer insights into the clinical performance of Aurora A inhibitors. Here we review the mitotic and non-mitotic functions of Aurora A, discuss Aurora A regulation in the context of protein structural information, and evaluate progress in understanding and inhibiting Aurora A in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Nikonova
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, W406, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Igor Astsaturov
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, W406, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Ilya G. Serebriiskii
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, W406, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Roland L. Dunbrack
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, W406, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Erica A. Golemis
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, W406, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
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17
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Hetland TE, Nymoen DA, Holth A, Brusegard K, Flørenes VA, Kærn J, Tropé CG, Davidson B. Aurora B expression in metastatic effusions from advanced-stage ovarian serous carcinoma is predictive of intrinsic chemotherapy resistance. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:777-85. [PMID: 23114921 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and clinical role of the aurora A and aurora B kinases in primary and metastatic serous ovarian carcinoma. AURKA and AURKB messenger RNA expression was investigated in 178 tumors (88 effusions, 38 primary carcinomas, and 52 solid metastases) from 144 patients with advanced-stage disease using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Aurora A and aurora B protein expression by immunohistochemistry was additionally analyzed in 147 tumors. Messenger RNA and protein expression at different anatomical sites were studied for association with clinicopathologic parameters, including chemotherapy resistance and survival. AURKA and AURKB messenger RNA and their protein product were demonstrated in all primary carcinomas, solid metastases, and effusions. The expression of AURKA messenger RNA and aurora A protein was higher in effusions compared with solid specimens (P = .003 and P = .006, respectively). AURKB messenger RNA expression was higher in primary carcinomas, and solid metastases obtained prechemotherapy compared with postchemotherapy (P < .001 and P = .012, respectively), with no such difference in effusions (P > .05). Low aurora B protein expression was associated with primary chemotherapy resistance (P = .006) and poor treatment response (P = .013) in prechemotherapy effusions. No significant association was found between messenger RNA levels or protein expression and progression-free or overall survival. The present study documents for the first time frequent aurora A and aurora B expression in metastatic ovarian carcinoma, suggesting a role in cancer progression, with higher aurora A expression in effusions compared with primary carcinomas and solid metastases. Low AURKB messenger RNA expression in prechemotherapy effusions might be predictive of intrinsic chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Eline Hetland
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
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18
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Hao JJ, Shi ZZ, Zhao ZX, Zhang Y, Gong T, Li CX, Zhan T, Cai Y, Dong JT, Fu SB, Zhan QM, Wang MR. Characterization of genetic rearrangements in esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines by a combination of M-FISH and array-CGH: further confirmation of some split genomic regions in primary tumors. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:367. [PMID: 22920630 PMCID: PMC3561653 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chromosomal and genomic aberrations are common features of human cancers. However, chromosomal numerical and structural aberrations, breakpoints and disrupted genes have yet to be identified in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods Using multiplex-fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) and oligo array-based comparative hybridization (array-CGH), we identified aberrations and breakpoints in six ESCC cell lines. Furthermore, we detected recurrent breakpoints in primary tumors by dual-color FISH. Results M-FISH and array-CGH results revealed complex numerical and structural aberrations. Frequent gains occurred at 3q26.33-qter, 5p14.1-p11, 7pter-p12.3, 8q24.13-q24.21, 9q31.1-qter, 11p13-p11, 11q11-q13.4, 17q23.3-qter, 18pter-p11, 19 and 20q13.32-qter. Losses were frequent at 18q21.1-qter. Breakpoints that clustered within 1 or 2 Mb were identified, including 9p21.3, 11q13.3-q13.4, 15q25.3 and 3q28. By dual-color FISH, we observed that several recurrent breakpoint regions in cell lines were also present in ESCC tumors. In particular, breakpoints clustered at 11q13.3-q13.4 were identified in 43.3% (58/134) of ESCC tumors. Both 11q13.3-q13.4 splitting and amplification were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P = 0.004 and 0.022) and advanced stages (P = 0.004 and 0.039). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only 11q13.3-q13.4 splitting was an independent predictor for LNM (P = 0.026). Conclusions The combination of M-FISH and array-CGH helps produce more accurate karyotypes. Our data provide significant, detailed information for appropriate uses of these ESCC cell lines for cytogenetic and molecular biological studies. The aberrations and breakpoints detected in both the cell lines and primary tumors will contribute to identify affected genes involved in the development and progression of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
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19
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Vinci M, Gowan S, Boxall F, Patterson L, Zimmermann M, Court W, Lomas C, Mendiola M, Hardisson D, Eccles SA. Advances in establishment and analysis of three-dimensional tumor spheroid-based functional assays for target validation and drug evaluation. BMC Biol 2012; 10:29. [PMID: 22439642 PMCID: PMC3349530 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-10-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 676] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is overwhelming evidence that in vitro three-dimensional tumor cell cultures more accurately reflect the complex in vivo microenvironment than simple two-dimensional cell monolayers, not least with respect to gene expression profiles, signaling pathway activity and drug sensitivity. However, most currently available three-dimensional techniques are time consuming and/or lack reproducibility; thus standardized and rapid protocols are urgently needed. Results To address this requirement, we have developed a versatile toolkit of reproducible three-dimensional tumor spheroid models for dynamic, automated, quantitative imaging and analysis that are compatible with routine high-throughput preclinical studies. Not only do these microplate methods measure three-dimensional tumor growth, but they have also been significantly enhanced to facilitate a range of functional assays exemplifying additional key hallmarks of cancer, namely cell motility and matrix invasion. Moreover, mutual tissue invasion and angiogenesis is accommodated by coculturing tumor spheroids with murine embryoid bodies within which angiogenic differentiation occurs. Highly malignant human tumor cells were selected to exemplify therapeutic effects of three specific molecularly-targeted agents: PI-103 (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor), 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) (heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor) and CCT130234 (in-house phospholipase C (PLC)γ inhibitor). Fully automated analysis using a Celigo cytometer was validated for tumor spheroid growth and invasion against standard image analysis techniques, with excellent reproducibility and significantly increased throughput. In addition, we discovered key differential sensitivities to targeted agents between two-dimensional and three-dimensional cultures, and also demonstrated enhanced potency of some agents against cell migration/invasion compared with proliferation, suggesting their preferential utility in metastatic disease. Conclusions We have established and validated a suite of highly reproducible tumor microplate three-dimensional functional assays to enhance the biological relevance of early preclinical cancer studies. We believe these assays will increase the translational predictive value of in vitro drug evaluation studies and reduce the need for in vivo studies by more effective triaging of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vinci
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
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20
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Stevens KN, Kelemen LE, Wang X, Fridley BL, Vierkant RA, Fredericksen Z, Armasu SM, Tsai YY, Berchuck A, Narod SA, Phelan CM, Sutphen R, Birrer MJ, Schildkraut JM, Sellers TA, Goode EL, Couch FJ. Common variation in Nemo-like kinase is associated with risk of ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:523-8. [PMID: 22253297 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of mitotic kinases has been associated with prognosis, histologic grade, and clinical stage in ovarian cancer, but the relationship between inherited variation in these genes and ovarian cancer risk has not been well defined. METHODS We measured associations between 397 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 67 mitotic kinases and invasive epithelial ovarian cancer risk in two case-control studies (n = 671 cases; n = 939 controls). Thirty-six candidate SNPs (P < 0.05) were assessed in a replication analysis consisting of three additional studies (n = 1,094 cases; n = 829 controls). RESULTS In initial analysis, thirty-six SNPs were suggestive of association with risk of serous ovarian cancer, all subtypes of ovarian cancer, or both (P < 0.05). Replication analyses suggested an association between rs2125846 in the Nemo-like kinase (NLK) gene and ovarian cancer (serous OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.11-1.67, P = 1.77 × 10(-3); all subtypes OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.08-1.56, P = 2.97 × 10(-3)). Furthermore, rs2125846 was associated with risk in the combined discovery and replication sets (serous OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.15-1.54; all subtypes OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.12-1.45). CONCLUSIONS Variation in NLK may be associated with risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm and understand the biologic relationship between this mitotic kinase and ovarian cancer risk. IMPACT An association between SNPs in NLK and ovarian cancer may provide biologic insight into the development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N Stevens
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Abstract
This content presents a review of molecular pathology of ovarian cancer. The authors present key molecular features for high-grade and low-grade serous carcinomas, endometrioid carcinomas, clear cell carcinomas, and mucinous carcinomas. Cell lineage, mutation and gene expression, pathway alterations, risk factors, prognostic markers, and treatment targets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology, University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403 29 ST NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 2T9.
| | - David Huntsman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, #3427-600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
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García-Fernández E, De Diego JI, Collantes-Bellido E, Mendiola M, Prim MP, Pérez-Fernández E, Miguel-Martín M, Nistal M, Hardisson D. Aurora B kinase expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and its prognostic implications. Histopathology 2011; 58:368-76. [PMID: 21299608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of Aurora B in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC). METHODS AND RESULTS Aurora B protein expression was analysed in 259 LSCC. The proliferation index (Ki67) and the expression of other cell cycle control proteins, such as Aurora A, survivin and p53 was also determined. Aurora B was highly expressed in 55.4% of LSCC. High Aurora B expression levels were correlated with tumour recurrence (P=0.01), death from disease (P=0.05) and decreased disease-free survival (P=0.013) and overall survival (P=0.04). Survivin expression was neither associated with clinicopathological characteristics nor with survival. However, survivin expression in the nucleus paralleled Aurora B expression (P=0.014). Aurora A expression was associated significantly with increased tumour grade (P=0.008). Multivariate analysis indicated that Aurora B was an independent predictor for LSCC-specific disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR), 2.10; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.25-3.52 (P=0.005)] and overall survival [HR, 1.91; 95% CI 1.01-3.34 (P=0.023)]. CONCLUSIONS Aurora B may be a novel prognostic biomarker for LSCC and a potential therapeutic target in this type of tumour.
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Das K, Lorena PDN, Ng LK, Shen L, Lim D, Siow WY, Narasimhan K, Teh M, Choolani M, Putti TC, Salto-Tellez M. Aurora-A expression, hormone receptor status and clinical outcome in hormone related cancers. Pathology 2011; 42:540-6. [PMID: 20854072 DOI: 10.3109/00313025.2010.508789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the correlation between protein expression of Aurora-A with hormone receptor expression and clinicopathological parameters in ovarian, breast and prostate cancer. METHODS Subcellular expression of Aurora-A, and androgen receptor (AR), oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression, were examined by immunohistochemistry in human tissue microarrays of the three cancer types and by Western blot in cancer cell lines and selected patient tissues. RESULTS Subgroups of all three cancer types exhibited both nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of Aurora-A. Nuclear presence of Aurora-A was observed in ER positive and negative breast cancer cell lines and tissues. Eighteen of the 126 (14%) tumour tissues that showed nuclear expression of Aurora-A were strongly associated with ER and PR positive breast tumours (p = 0.001). Cytoplasmic expression of AR and Aurora-A was strongly associated in prostate cancer tissues (45% versus 0, p = 0.015). Ovarian tumours (n = 45) with Aurora-A nuclear expression had decreased patient survival (mean survival, 29.5 versus 106.7 months; p < 0.0005) and showed a significant association with recurrence-free survival (mean survival 19.7 versus 95.9 months; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Association between nuclear Aurora-A with hormone receptors in breast cancer and with poor clinical outcome in ovarian cancer suggests the significance of active Aurora-A in disease initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakoli Das
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore.
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Li X, Chen J, Lü B, Peng S, Desper R, Lai M. -8p12-23 and +20q are predictors of subtypes and metastatic pathways in colorectal cancer: construction of tree models using comparative genomic hybridization data. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2010; 15:37-47. [PMID: 21194300 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2010.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence suggests the genetic heterogeneous pattern and multiple pathways in colorectal cancer initiation and progression. In this study, we construct a branching tree and multiple distance-based tree models to elucidate these genetic patterns and pathways in colorectal cancer by using a data set comprised of 244 cases of comparative genomic hybridization. We identify the six most common gains of chromosomal regions of 7p (37.0%), 7q11-32 (34.8%), 8q (48.3%), 13q (49.1%), 20p (36.1%), and 20q (50.4%), and the nine most common losses of 1p13-36 (30.9%), 4p15 (24.3%), 4q33-34 (24.3%), 8p12-23 (50.9%), 15q13-14 (23.5%), 15q24-25 (24.3%), 17p (34.8%), 18p (36.5%), and 18q (61.7%) in colorectal cancer. We classify colorectal cancer into two distinct groups: one preceding with -8p12-23, and the other with +20q. The sample-based classification tree also demonstrates that colorectal cancer can be classified into multiple subtypes marked by -8p12-23 and +20q. By comparing chromosomal abnormalities between primary and metastatic colorectal cancer, we identify five potential metastatic pathways: (-18q, -18p), (-8p12-23, -4p15, -4q33-34), (+20q, +20p), (+20q, +7p, +7q11-32), and +8q. -8p12-23 and +20q are inferred to be the two marker events of colorectal cancer metastasis. The current oncogenetic tree models may contribute to our understanding towards molecular genetics in colorectal cancer. Particularly, the metastatic pathways we describe may provide pivotal clues for metastatic candidate genes, and thus impact on the prediction and intervention of metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Aurora-A overexpression and aneuploidy predict poor outcome in serous ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2010; 120:11-7. [PMID: 20937525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aurora-A is a potential oncogene and therapeutic target in ovarian carcinoma. It is involved in mitotic events and overexpression leads to centrosome amplification and chromosomal instability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of Aurora-A and DNA ploidy in serous ovarian carcinoma. METHODS Serous ovarian carcinomas were analysed for Aurora-A protein by immunohistochemistry (n=592), Aurora-A copy number by CISH (n=169), Aurora-A mRNA by real-time PCR (n=158) and DNA ploidy by flowcytometry (n=440). RESULTS Overexpression of Aurora-A was found in 27% of the tumors, cytoplasmic overexpression in 11% and nuclear in 17%. The cytoplasmic and nuclear overexpression were nearly mutually exclusive. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear overexpression were associated with shorter survival, high grade, high proliferation index and aberrant p53. Interestingly, only cytoplasmic expression was associated with aneuploidy and expression of phosphorylated Aurora-A. DNA ploidy was associated with poor patient outcome as well as aggressive clinicopathological parameters. In multivariate analysis, Aurora-A overexpression appeared as an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival, together with grade, stage and ploidy. CONCLUSIONS Aurora-A protein expression is strongly linked with poor patient outcome and aggressive disease characteristics, which makes Aurora-A a promising biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in ovarian carcinoma. Cytoplasmic and nuclear Aurora-A protein may have different functions. DNA aneuploidy is a strong predictor of poor prognosis in serous ovarian carcinoma.
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Loh JK, Lieu AS, Chou CH, Lin FY, Wu CH, Howng SL, Chio CC, Hong YR. Differential expression of centrosomal proteins at different stages of human glioma. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:268. [PMID: 20529377 PMCID: PMC2889899 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-grade gliomas have poor prognosis, requiring aggressive treatment. The aim of this study is to explore mitotic and centrosomal dysregulation in gliomas, which may provide novel targets for treatment. Methods A case-control study was performed using 34 resected gliomas, which were separated into low- and high-grade groups. Normal human brain tissue was used as a control. Using immunohistochemical analysis, immunofluorescent microscopy, and RT-PCR, detection of centrins 1 and 2, γ-tubulin, hNinein, Aurora A, and Aurora B, expression was performed. Analysis of the GBM8401 glioma cell line was also undertaken to complement the in vivo studies. Results In high-grade gliomas, the cells had greater than two very brightly staining centrioles within large, atypical nuclei, and moderate-to-strong Aurora A staining. Comparing with normal human brain tissue, most of the mRNAs expression in gliomas for centrosomal structural proteins, including centrin 3, γ-tubulin, and hNinein isoforms 1, 2, 5 and 6, Aurora A and Aurora B were elevated. The significant different expression was observed between high- and low-grade glioma in both γ-tubulin and Aurora A mRNA s. In the high-grade glioma group, 78.6% of the samples had higher than normal expression of γ-tubulin mRNA, which was significantly higher than in the low-grade glioma group (18.2%, p < 0.05). Conclusions Markers for mitotic dysregulation, such as supernumerary centrosomes and altered expression of centrosome-related mRNA and proteins were more frequently detected in higher grade gliomas. Therefore, these results are clinically useful for glioma staging as well as the development of novel treatments strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Khim Loh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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