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Rafiq A, Aashaq S, Jan I, Ali M, Rakshan R, Bashir A, Haq E, Beigh MA. GSK3β phosphorylates Six1 transcription factor and regulates its APC/C Cdh1 mediated proteosomal degradation. Cell Signal 2024; 115:111030. [PMID: 38163577 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (Six1) is a developmentally important transcription factor that regulates cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and dissemination during embryogenesis. Six1 overexpression as reported in multiple cancers modulates expression of a repertoire of its target genes causing an increase in proliferation, metastasis and survival of cancer cells. Six1 exists as a cell cycle regulated nuclear phosphoprotein and its cellular turnover is regulated by APC/C (Anaphase promoting complex / Cyclosome) complex mediated proteolysis. However, the kinases that regulate Six1 proteolysis have not been identified and the mechanistic details that cause its overproduction in various cancers are lacking. Here, we report that Six1 is a physiological GSK3β substrate. GSK3β interacts with Six1 and phosphorylates it at Ser221 within the conserved consensus sequence in its carboxy terminus. Using pharmacological inhibition, siRNA mediated knockdown and protein overexpression of GSK3β; we show that GSK3β regulates Six1 protein stability. Pulse chase analysis of Six1 revealed that GSK3β regulates its ubiquitin proteolysis such that Six1 phosphomimicking mutant (Six1S221E) for Ser221 site had dramatically increased half-life than its phosphodeficient (Six1S221A) and wild type variants. Furthermore, we demonstrate that GSK3β rescues Six1 from APC dependent proteolysis by regulating its binding with APC/C co-activator protein Cdh1. Importantly, strong positive correlation exists between GSK3β and Six1 protein levels throughout the cell cycle and in multiple cancers indicating that GSK3β activation may in part contribute to Six1 overproduction in a subset of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Rafiq
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir-, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Sabreena Aashaq
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir-, Srinagar 190006, India; Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, SKIMS, Srinagar 190011, India
| | - Iqra Jan
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir-, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Mahvish Ali
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir-, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Rabia Rakshan
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir-, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Asma Bashir
- Faculty of Biology, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al-Raqaib 2, Ajman 3798, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ehtishamul Haq
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir-, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Mushtaq A Beigh
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir-, Srinagar 190006, India.
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Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Phenotypic Marker Evaluation in Human, Canine, and Feline Mammary Gland Tumors. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050878. [PMID: 36899736 PMCID: PMC10000046 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal properties. EMT has been closely associated with cancer cell aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression of EMT-associated markers in mammary tumors of humans (HBC), dogs (CMT), and cats (FMT). Real-time qPCR for SNAIL, TWIST, and ZEB, and immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin, vimentin, CD44, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), ERBB2, Ki-67, cytokeratin (CK) 8/18, CK5/6, and CK14 were performed. Overall, SNAIL, TWIST, and ZEB mRNA was lower in tumors than in healthy tissues. Vimentin was higher in triple-negative HBC (TNBC) and FMTs than in ER+ HBC and CMTs (p < 0.001). Membranous E-cadherin was higher in ER+ than in TNBCs (p < 0.001), whereas cytoplasmic E-cadherin was higher in TNBCs when compared with ER+ HBC (p < 0.001). A negative correlation between membranous and cytoplasmic E-cadherin was found in all three species. Ki-67 was higher in FMTs than in CMTs (p < 0.001), whereas CD44 was higher in CMTs than in FMTs (p < 0.001). These results confirmed a potential role of some markers as indicators of EMT, and suggested similarities between ER+ HBC and CMTs, and between TNBC and FMTs.
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Silencing TRAIP suppresses cell proliferation and migration/invasion of triple negative breast cancer via RB-E2F signaling and EMT. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:74-84. [PMID: 36064576 PMCID: PMC9842503 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
TRAIP, as a 53 kDa E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, is involved in various cellular processes and closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. At present, few studies on the relationship between TRAIP and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) were reported. Bioinformatic analysis and Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, Transwell, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed, and xenograft mouse models were established to explore the role of TRAIP in TNBC. This study showed that the expression of TRAIP protein was upregulated in TNBC tissues and cell lines. Silencing of TRAIP significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells, whereas opposite results were observed in the TRAIP overexpression. In addition, TRAIP regulated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through RB-E2F signaling and epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT). MiR-590-3p directly targeted the TRAIP 3'-UTR, and its expression were lower in TNBC tissues. Its mimic significantly downregulated the expression of TRAIP and subsequently suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Rescue experiments indicated that TRAIP silencing reversed the promotion of miR-590-3p inhibitor on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. TRAIP overexpression could also reverse the inhibition of miR-590-3p mimic on tumorigenesis. Finally, TRAIP knockdown significantly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in animal experiments. In conclusion, TRAIP is an oncogene that influences the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells through RB-E2F signaling and EMT. Therefore, TRAIP may be a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Hasmim M, Xiao M, Van Moer K, Kumar A, Oniga A, Mittelbronn M, Duhem C, Chammout A, Berchem G, Thiery JP, Volpert M, Hollier B, Noman MZ, Janji B. SNAI1-dependent upregulation of CD73 increases extracellular adenosine release to mediate immune suppression in TNBC. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982821. [PMID: 36159844 PMCID: PMC9501677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative subtype of breast cancer (TNBC) is hallmarked by frequent disease relapse and shows highest mortality rate. Although PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockades have recently shown promising clinical benefits, the overall response rate remains largely insufficient. Hence, alternative therapeutic approaches are warranted. Given the immunosuppressive properties of CD73-mediated adenosine release, CD73 blocking approaches are emerging as attractive strategies in cancer immunotherapy. Understanding the precise mechanism regulating the expression of CD73 is required to develop effective anti-CD73-based therapy. Our previous observations demonstrate that the transcription factors driving epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT-TF) can regulate the expression of several inhibitory immune checkpoints. Here we analyzed the role of the EMT-TF SNAI1 in the regulation of CD73 in TNBC cells. We found that doxycycline-driven SNAI1 expression in the epithelial -like TNBC cell line MDA-MB-468 results in CD73 upregulation by direct binding to the CD73 proximal promoter. SNAI1-dependent upregulation of CD73 leads to increased production and release of extracellular adenosine by TNBC cells and contributes to the enhancement of TNBC immunosuppressive properties. Our data are validated in TNBC samples by showing a positive correlation between the mRNA expression of CD73 and SNAI1. Overall, our results reveal a new CD73 regulation mechanism in TNBC that participates in TNBC-mediated immunosuppression and paves the way for developing new treatment opportunities for CD73-positive TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Hasmim
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Malina Xiao
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Kris Van Moer
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Akinchan Kumar
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alexandra Oniga
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire Nationale de Santé (LNS), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire Nationale de Santé (LNS), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Caroline Duhem
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier du Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anwar Chammout
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
- Department of Oncology, Aleppo Hospital University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Guy Berchem
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier du Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Marianna Volpert
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett Hollier
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Muhammad Zaeem Noman
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Bassam Janji
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: Bassam Janji,
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Pai JT, Chen XH, Leu YL, Weng MS. Propolin G-Suppressed Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells via Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β-Mediated Snail and HDAC6-Regulated Vimentin Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031672. [PMID: 35163593 PMCID: PMC8835855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer with a poor prognosis. The incidence and mortality rate of TNBC are frequently found in younger women. Due to the absence of a good therapeutic strategy, effective remedies for inhibiting TNBC have been developed for improving the cure rate. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical mechanism to regulate cancer cell motility and invasion. Furthermore, ectopic expression of EMT molecules correlates with the metastasis and poor prognosis of TNBC. Targeting EMT might be a strategy for the therapy and prevention of TNBC. Propolin G, an active c-prenylflavanone in Taiwanese propolis, has been shown to possess anti-cancer activity in many cancers. However, the anti-metastasis activity of propolin G on TNBC is still unclear. The present study showed that the migration and invasion activities of TNBC cells was suppressed by propolin G. Down-regulated expression of Snail and vimentin and up-regulated expression of E-cadherin were dose- and time-dependently observed in propolin G-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. Propolin G inhibited Snail and vimentin expressions via the signaling pathways associated with post-translational modification. The activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) by propolin G resulted in increasing GSK-3β interaction with Snail. Consequently, the nuclear localization and stability of Snail was disrupted resulting in promoting the degradation. Propolin G-inhibited Snail expression and the activities of migration and invasion were reversed by GSK-3β inhibitor pretreatment. Meanwhile, the outcomes also revealed that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) activity was dose-dependently suppressed by propolin G. Correspondently, the amounts of acetyl-α-tubulin, a down-stream substrate of HDAC6, were increased. Dissociation of HDAC6/Hsp90 with vimentin leading to increased vimentin acetylation and degradation was perceived in the cells with the addition of propolin G. Moreover, up-regulated expression of acetyl-α-tubulin by propolin G was attenuated by HDAC6 overexpression. On the contrary, down-regulated expression of vimentin, cell migration and invasion by propolin G were overturned by HDAC6 overexpression. Conclusively, restraint cell migration and invasion of TNBC by propolin G were activated by the expression of GSK-3β-suppressed Snail and the interruption of HDAC6-mediated vimentin protein stability. Aiming at EMT, propolin G might be a potential candidate for TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Tung Pai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan City 33004, Taiwan;
| | - Xing-Han Chen
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan;
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City 33342, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shih Weng
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2905-3776; Fax: +886-2-2902-1215
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Rafiq A, Aashaq S, Jan I, Beigh MA. SIX1 transcription factor: A review of cellular functions and regulatory dynamics. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1151-1164. [PMID: 34742853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sine Oculis Homeobox 1 (SIX1) is a member of homeobox transcription factor family having pivotal roles in organismal development and differentiation. This protein functionally acts to regulate the expression of different proteins that are involved in organ development during embryogenesis and in disorders like cancer. Aberrant expression of this homeoprotein has therefore been reported in multiple pathological complexities like hearing impairment and renal anomalies during development and tumorigenesis in adult life. Most of the cellular effects mediated by it are mostly due to its role as a transcription factor. This review presents a concise narrative of its structure, interaction partners and cellular functions vis a vis its role in cancer. We thoroughly discuss the reported molecular mechanisms that govern its function in cellular milieu. Its post-translational regulation by phosphorylation and ubiquitination are also discussed with an emphasis on yet to be explored mechanistic insights regulating its molecular dynamics to fully comprehend its role in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Rafiq
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Campus, Srinagar JK-190006, India
| | - Sabreena Aashaq
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar JK-190011, India
| | - Iqra Jan
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Campus, Srinagar JK-190006, India
| | - Mushtaq A Beigh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Campus, Srinagar JK-190006, India.
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Molecular Activation of the Kv11.1 Channel Reprograms EMT in Colon Cancer by Inhibiting TGFβ Signaling via Activation of Calcineurin. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236025. [PMID: 34885136 PMCID: PMC8656647 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of ionic gradients is critical to maintain cellular homeostasis in both physiological and pathological conditions, but the role of ion channels in cancer cells has not been studied thoroughly. In this work we demonstrated that activity of the Kv11.1 potassium channel plays a vital role in controlling the migration of colon cancer cells by reversing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) into the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). We discovered that pharmacological stimulation of the Kv11.1 channel with the activator molecule NS1643 produces a strong inhibition of colon cancer cell motility. In agreement with the reversal of EMT, NS1643 treatment leads to a depletion of mesenchymal markers such as SNAIL1, SLUG, TWIST, ZEB, N-cadherin, and c-Myc, while the epithelial marker E-cadherin was strongly upregulated. Investigating the mechanism linking Kv11.1 activity to reversal of EMT into MET revealed that stimulation of Kv11.1 produced a strong and fast inhibition of the TGFβ signaling. Application of NS1643 resulted in de-phosphorylation of the TGFβ downstream effectors R-SMADs by activation of the serine/threonine phosphatase PP2B (calcineurin). Consistent with the role of TGFβ in controlling cancer stemness, NS1643 also produced a strong inhibition of NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4 while arresting the cell cycle in G0/G1. Our data demonstrate that activation of the Kv11.1 channel reprograms EMT into MET by inhibiting TGFβ signaling, which results in inhibition of motility in colon cancer cells.
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Escuin D, López-Vilaró L, Mora J, Bell O, Moral A, Pérez I, Arqueros C, García-Valdecasas B, Ramón Y Cajal T, Lerma E, Barnadas A. Circulating microRNAs in Early Breast Cancer Patients and Its Association With Lymph Node Metastases. Front Oncol 2021; 11:627811. [PMID: 34513655 PMCID: PMC8428362 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.627811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have emerged as important regulators of the metastatic process. In addition, circulating miRNAs appear to be surprisingly stable in peripheral blood making them ideal noninvasive biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Here, we performed a proof-of-principle study to investigate the expression profile of circulating miRNAs and their association with the metastatic lymph node status in early breast cancer patients. Sentinel lymph node status was detected by one-step nucleic acid (OSNA) analysis. We performed RNA-sequencing in 16 plasma samples and validated the results by qPCR. Gene Ontology term enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses were carried out using DAVID tools. We found16 differentially expressed miRNAs (q < 0.01) in patients with positive SLNs. Fourteen miRNAs were down-regulated (miR-339-5p, miR-133a-3p, miR-326, miR-331-3p, miR-369-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-26a-3p, miR-139-3p, miR-493-3p, miR-664a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-323b-3p, miR-1307-3p and miR-423-3p) and 2 were up-regulated (miR-101-3pand miR-144-3p). Hierarchical clustering using differentially expressed miRNAs clearly distinguished patients according to their lymph node status. Gene ontology analysis showed a significant enrichment of biological processes associated with the regulation of the epithelial mesenchymal transition, cell proliferation and transcriptional regulation. Our results suggest the potential role of several circulating miRNAs as surrogate markers of lymph node metastases in early breast cancer patients. Further validation in a larger cohort of patients will be necessary to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Escuin
- Clinical Oncology Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura López-Vilaró
- Clinical Oncology Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Mora
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Bell
- Clinical Oncology Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Moral
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ignacio Pérez
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Arqueros
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Ramón Y Cajal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Lerma
- Clinical Oncology Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Agustí Barnadas
- Clinical Oncology Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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Ranjan M, Lee O, Cottone G, Mirzaei Mehrabad E, Spike BT, Zeng Z, Yadav S, Chatterton R, Kim JJ, Clare SE, Khan SA. Progesterone receptor antagonists reverse stem cell expansion and the paracrine effectors of progesterone action in the mouse mammary gland. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:78. [PMID: 34344445 PMCID: PMC8330021 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone (EP) are implicated in breast cancer causation. A specific consequence of progesterone exposure is the expansion of the mammary stem cell (MSC) and luminal progenitor (LP) compartments. We hypothesized that this effect, and its molecular facilitators, could be abrogated by progesterone receptor (PR) antagonists administered in a mouse model. Methods Ovariectomized FVB mice were randomized to 14 days of treatment: sham, EP, EP + telapristone (EP + TPA), EP + mifepristone (EP + MFP). Mice were then sacrificed, mammary glands harvested, and mammary epithelial cell lineages separated by flow cytometry using cell surface markers. RNA from each lineage was sequenced and differential gene expression was analyzed using DESeq. Quantitative PCR was performed to confirm the candidate genes discovered in RNA seq. ANOVA with Tukey post hoc analysis was performed to compare relative expression. Alternative splicing events were examined using the rMATs multivariate analysis tool. Results Significant increases in the MSC and luminal mature (LM) cell fractions were observed following EP treatment compared to control (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), whereas the LP fraction was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). These hormone-induced effects were reversed upon exposure to TPA and MFP (p < 0.01 for both). Gene Ontology analysis of RNA-sequencing data showed EP-induced enrichment of several pathways, with the largest effect on Wnt signaling in MSC, significantly repressed by PR inhibitors. In LP cells, significant induction of Wnt4 and Rankl, and Wnt pathway intermediates Lrp2 and Axin2 (confirmed by qRTPCR) were reversed by TPA and MFP (p < 0.0001). Downstream signaling intermediates of these pathways (Lrp5, Mmp7) showed similar effects. Expression of markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (Cdh1, Cdh3) and the induction of EMT regulators (Zeb1, Zeb2, Gli3, Snai1, and Ptch2) were significantly responsive to progesterone. EP treatment was associated with large-scale alternative splicing events, with an enrichment of motifs associated with Srsf, Esrp, and Rbfox families. Exon skipping was observed in Cdh1, Enah, and Brd4. Conclusions PR inhibition reverses known tumorigenic pathways in the mammary gland and suppresses a previously unknown effect of progesterone on RNA splicing events. In total, our results strengthen the case for reconsideration of PR inhibitors for breast cancer prevention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-021-01455-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Ranjan
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Oukseub Lee
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Gannon Cottone
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | - Benjamin T Spike
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Zexian Zeng
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Shivangi Yadav
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Robert Chatterton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - J Julie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Susan E Clare
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Seema A Khan
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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10
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Adu-Gyamfi EA, Lamptey J, Chen XM, Li FF, Li C, Ruan LL, Yang XN, Liu TH, Wang YX, Ding YB. Iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (DiO 2) regulates trophoblast cell line cycle, invasion and apoptosis; and its downregulation is associated with early recurrent miscarriage. Placenta 2021; 111:54-68. [PMID: 34166926 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trophoblast development is a crucial event in placentation and pregnancy complications but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, we aimed at investigating the role of DiO2 in trophoblast cell line decisions and assessing its placental villous expression in early recurrent miscarriage (ERM) patients. METHODS The placental villous expression of DiO2 was determined with immunofluorescence. Cell proliferation was measured with the CCK8 kit while cell-cycle and apoptosis were studied with flow-cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were measured with wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. Gene expression was then assessed with RT-qPCR and western blotting. RESULTS DiO2 is expressed in the CTB, PCT, DCT and STB of the placenta. Its overexpression arrested trophoblast cell line proliferation at the G1 phase of the cell-cycle by downregulating cyclin-D1 and PCNA, while promoting apoptosis via increased caspase-3 activity and inhibition of the AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Also, it augmented trophoblast cell line migration and invasion via the upregulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, fascin-1, twist-1 and other epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes. DiO2 knockdown elicited the opposite effects. Surprisingly, each of these effects of DiO2 manipulation was not mediated by thyroid hormone metabolism. Assessment of the ERM placental villi revealed a downregulation of DiO2, N-cadherin, vimentin, fascin-1 and twist-1. The expression of E-cadherin remained unchanged in these placentae. DISCUSSION During placentation, DiO2 may inhibit trophoblast proliferation while facilitating their differentiation into an invasive phenotype; and that its downregulation may contribute to the shallow trophoblast invasion that precedes ERM. Hence, DiO2 is a potential therapeutic target against ERM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jones Lamptey
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Fang Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Ruan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Niu Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Tai-Hang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Uotila PM, Lemma SA, Haapasaari KM, Porvari K, Skarp S, Soini Y, Jantunen E, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Kuittinen O. Prognostic significance of Twist, ZEB1 and Slug in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:241-246. [PMID: 32567520 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1780754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the protein expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-inducing transcription factors (TFs) Twist, ZEB1 and Slug in peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) and their correlation with clinical parameters. Methods: The expression of these TFs was studied in 53 diagnostic biopsy specimens of several different PTCL subtypes with immunohistochemistry. Patient data were retrospectively collected from patient records and a statistical analysis was performed. Results: All three TFs were widely expressed. ZEB1 and Slug had correlations with clinical outcome. In all PTCL cases, high nuclear ZEB1 percentage correlated with a favorable progression-free survival (PFS) (3-year PFS: 70% vs. 34%; P = 0.010) and strong nuclear Slug intensity correlated with an unfavorable PFS (3-year PFS: 17% vs. 62%; P = 0.036). Discussion: The correlations between PFS and ZEB1 or Slug protein expression have not previously been established in PTCLs. The impact of ZEB1 and Slug expression on prognosis differed from our findings in DLBCL and the impact of ZEB1 expression was in line with current studies on mycosis fungoides and sézary syndrome. The findings may be explained by the roles these TFs play in hematopoiesis. Conclusion: ZEB1 and Slug may have potential clinical value for evaluating prognosis in PTCLs. The study size was small and heterogenous, and larger studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyry M Uotila
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Unit of Translational Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Siria A Lemma
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Unit of Translational Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Katja Porvari
- Medical Research Center and Unit of Translational Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sini Skarp
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ylermi Soini
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Esa Jantunen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taina Turpeenniemi-Hujanen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Unit of Translational Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Kuittinen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Unit of Translational Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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12
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Jørgensen CLT, Forsare C, Bendahl PO, Falck AK, Fernö M, Lövgren K, Aaltonen K, Rydén L. Expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related markers and phenotypes during breast cancer progression. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 181:369-381. [PMID: 32300922 PMCID: PMC7188722 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The study aimed to investigate expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins and phenotypes during breast cancer progression and to relate this to patient outcome. Methods Protein expression patterns of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, twist, and vimentin were examined by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from primary tumors (PTs) (n = 419), synchronous lymph node metastases (LNMs) (n = 131) and recurrences (n = 34) from patients included in an observational prospective primary breast cancer study. Markers were evaluated individually and combined as defined EMT phenotypes (epithelial, mesenchymal, partial EMT, and negative). EMT profiles were compared between matched tumor progression stages, and related to clinicopathological data and distant recurrence-free interval (DRFi). Results N-cadherin-positivity, vimentin-positivity, mesenchymal and partial EMT phenotypes were associated with more aggressive tumor characteristics such as triple-negative subtype. Single EMT markers and phenotype discordance rates between paired tumor samples were observed in the range of 2–35%. Non-epithelial phenotypes were more frequently identified in recurrences compared to PTs, however, no skewness of expression or phenotype was detected between PTs and matched LNMs or between PTs and matched recurrences (Exact McNemar test). Interestingly, patients with a twist positive PT had shorter DRFi, compared to patients with a twist negative PT (hazard ratio (HR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–5.1, P = 0.02). Essentially, the same effect was seen in multivariable analysis (HR 2.5, 95% CI 0.97–6.6, P = 0.06). Conclusion The epithelial phenotype was indicated to be lost between PTs and recurrences as a reflection of tumor progression. Twist status of the PT was related to long-term prognosis warranting further investigation in larger cohorts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-020-05627-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Levin Tykjær Jørgensen
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404, 22381, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Carina Forsare
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pär-Ola Bendahl
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Falck
- Department of Surgery, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fernö
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Lövgren
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Aaltonen
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rydén
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Zhang Y, Li KF. Karyopherin β1 deletion suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) by reducing MET expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109127. [PMID: 31629952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become the third most common type of cancer worldwide, and CRC liver metastasis (CRLM) is associated with poor survival rates. However, the molecular mechanisms driving this phenomenon remain unclear. Karyopherin β1 (KPNB1) is an adaptor protein that transports several proteins to the nuclear, and has been reported to play essential role in regulating many cancer-associated pathologies. Nevertheless, its role in CRC is unknown. The study was aimed to explore the role of KPNB1 as a pro-metastatic factor and to reveal the underlying mechanism. Here, the results indicated that KPNB1 expression was markedly increased in CRC samples. KPNB1 expression was gradually up-regulated with CRC development and was tightly correlated with poor prognosis in CRC patients. In vitro results demonstrated that KPNB1 decreasing markedly reduced CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which was positively associated with the expression of MET proto-oncogene (MET). Further analysis revealed that KPNB1 decrease down-regulated the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated signals. In vivo experiments also demonstrated that KPNB1 knockdown evidently inhibited the tumor growth and metastasis in a CRC xenograft model. Importantly, we found that KPNB1 could interact with MET to modulate cell proliferation and metastasis in CRC. A subsequent mechanistic study illustrated that MET over-expression markedly eliminated KPNB1 silence-inhibited migration and invasion in CRC cells. In summary, KPNB1 deletion repressed the metastasis of CRC cells through interacting with MET, which could be served as a potential prognostic biomarker in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Three Wards, Nuclear Industry 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, China
| | - Ke-Feng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Hanzhong Central Hospital, NO. 22, Kangfu Road, Hantai District, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723000, China.
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14
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Kang BH, Shu CW, Chao JK, Lee CH, Fu TY, Liou HH, Ger LP, Liu PF. HSPD1 repressed E-cadherin expression to promote cell invasion and migration for poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8932. [PMID: 31222140 PMCID: PMC6586902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC) is one of major subsites of oral cancer and is associated with a high rate of metastasis and poor prognosis. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) act as potential prognostic biomarkers in many cancer types. However, the role of HSPD1 in oral cancer, especially in BMSCC, is still unknown. Through data analysis with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found the association of HSPD1 gene expression with tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in oral cancer patients. Our cohort study showed that higher HSPD1 protein level was associated with tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in BMSCC patients with lymph node invasion, suggesting that HSPD1 may be involved in tumor metastasis. Moreover, knockdown of HSPD1 induced E-cadherin expression and decreased the migration and invasion of BMSCC cells. In contrast, ectopic expression of HSPD1 diminished E-cadherin expression and promoted the migration/invasion of BMSCC cells. Further, HSPD1 regulated RelA activation to repress E-cadherin expression, enhancing the migration and invasion of BMSCC cells. Furthermore, HSPD1 protein level was inversely correlated with E-cadherin protein level in tumor tissues and co-expression of high HSPD1/low E-cadherin showed a significant association with poor prognosis in BMSCC patients. Taken together, HSPD1 might repress E-cadherin expression and promote metastatic characters of BMSCC cells for poor prognosis of BMSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Hwang Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Kang Chao
- Department of Psychiatry, Pingtung Branch, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Lee
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ying Fu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Han Liou
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Luo-Ping Ger
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Oral Hygiene, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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15
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Li W, Xue D, Xue M, Zhao J, Liang H, Liu Y, Sun T. Fucoidan inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via regulation of the HIF-1α pathway in mammary cancer cells under hypoxia. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:330-338. [PMID: 31289504 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of fucoidan on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line in a hypoxic microenvironment. Transwell and wound-healing assays were performed to analyze the invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 human mammary cancer cells, respectively. The expression levels of EMT markers and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were detected through western blotting. Under hypoxia, fucoidan treatment inhibited proliferation of breast cancer cells. Fucoidan also suppressed the invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Western blotting revealed that fucoidan treatment significantly reduced the protein expression levels of HIF-1α and HIF-1 target genes. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation and activity of HIF-1α were reduced. Fucoidan treatment significantly downregulated the expression levels of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and vimentin), but upregulated the expression levels of the epithelial markers zonula occludens-1 and E-cadherin. In addition, overexpression of HIF1-α protected cells from fucoidan-mediated suppression of migration and invasion. These data suggested that fucoidan may inhibit EMT in human TNBC cells via downregulation of the HIF1-α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Dingshan Xue
- Department of Senior Grade Three, Qingdao West Coast District No. 1 Senior High School, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, P.R. China
| | - Meilan Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Jinglan Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Qingdao Center Medical Group, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liang
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
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16
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Wu Z, Zhang L, Xu S, Lin Y, Yin W, Lu J, Sha R, Sheng X, Zhou L, Lu J. Predictive and prognostic value of ZEB1 protein expression in breast cancer patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:78. [PMID: 30976202 PMCID: PMC6441148 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a molecule involved in the progression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in various kinds of cancers. Here, we aimed to determine whether the expression of the ZEB1 protein is related to the response of patients to neoadjuvant therapy as well as their survival outcome. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on paraffin-embedded tumor samples from core needle biopsy before neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the associations between the protein expression of ZEB1 and the pathological complete response (pCR) outcome. Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests were used to compare disease-free survival (DFS) between groups. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidential interval (95% CI). Results A total of 75 patients were included in the IHC test. High ZEB1 protein expression was associated with a low pCR rate in both univariate (OR = 0.260, 95% CI 0.082-0.829, p = 0.023) and multivariate (OR = 0.074, 95% CI 0.011-0.475, p = 0.006) logistic regression analyses. High ZEB1 protein expression was also associated with a short DFS according to both the log-rank test (p = 0.023) and Cox proportional hazard model (HR = 9.025, 95% CI 1.024-79.519, p = 0.048). In hormone receptor positive (HorR-positive) patients, high ZEB1 protein expression was also associated with a lower pCR (OR = 0.054, 95% CI 0.007-0.422, p = 0.005) and a poorer DFS (HR = 10.516, 95% CI 1.171-94.435, p = 0.036) compared with low ZEB1 protein expression. In HER2-overexpressing patients, ZEB1 protein expression was also associated with poor survival (p = 0.042). Conclusions Our results showed that high ZEB1 protein expression was a negative predictive marker of pCR and DFS in neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients and in HorR-positive and HER2-overexpressing subgroups.Trial registration NCT, NCT02199418. Registered 24 July 2014-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02199418?term=NCT02199418&rank=1. NCT, NCT 02221999. Registered 21 August 2014-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02221999?term=NCT02221999&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziping Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuguang Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjin Yin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglu Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127 People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Sha
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Sheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127 People's Republic of China
| | - Liheng Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127 People's Republic of China
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17
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Wang YP, Wang QY, Li CH, Li XW. COX-2 inhibition by celecoxib in epithelial ovarian cancer attenuates E-cadherin suppression through reduced Snail nuclear translocation. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 292:24-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Redfern AD, Spalding LJ, Thompson EW. The Kraken Wakes: induced EMT as a driver of tumour aggression and poor outcome. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:285-308. [PMID: 29948647 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) describes the shift of cells from an epithelial form to a contact independent, migratory, mesenchymal form. In cancer the change is linked to invasion and metastasis. Tumour conditions, including hypoxia, acidosis and a range of treatments can trigger EMT, which is implicated in the subsequent development of resistance to those same treatments. Consequently, the degree to which EMT occurs may underpin the entire course of tumour progression and treatment response in a patient. In this review we look past the protective effect of EMT against the initial treatment, to the role of the mesenchymal state, once triggered, in promoting disease growth, spread and future treatment insensitivity. In patients a correlation was found between the propensity of a treatment to induce EMT and failure of that treatment to provide a survival benefit, implicating EMT induction in accelerated tumour progression after treatment cessation. Looking to the mechanisms driving this detrimental effect; increased proliferation, suppressed apoptosis, stem cell induction, augmented angiogenesis, enhanced metastatic dissemination, and immune tolerance, can all result from treatment-induced EMT and could worsen outcome. Evidence also suggests EMT induction with earlier therapies attenuates benefits of later treatments. Looking beyond epithelial tumours, de-differentiation also has therapy-attenuating effects and reversal thereof may yield similar rewards. A range of potential therapies are in development that may address the diverse mechanisms and molecular control systems involved in EMT-induced accelerated progression. Considering the broad reaching effects of mesenchymal shift identified, successful deployment of such treatments could substantially improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Redfern
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia (UWA), Harry Perkins Building, Fiona Stanley Hospital Campus, Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
| | - Lisa J Spalding
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia (UWA), Harry Perkins Building, Fiona Stanley Hospital Campus, Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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19
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Saponaro C, Vagheggini A, Scarpi E, Centonze M, Catacchio I, Popescu O, Pastena MI, Giotta F, Silvestris N, Mangia A. NHERF1 and tumor microenvironment: a new scene in invasive breast carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:96. [PMID: 29716631 PMCID: PMC5930748 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor microenvironment (TME) includes many factors such as tumor associated inflammatory cells, vessels, and lymphocytes, as well as different signaling molecules and extracellular matrix components. These aspects can be de-regulated and consequently lead to a worsening of cancer progression. In recent years an association between the scaffolding protein Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) and tumor microenvironment changes in breast cancer (BC) has been reported. METHODS Subcellular NHERF1 localization, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptor VEGFR1, hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), TWIST1 expression and microvessel density (MVD) in 183 invasive BCs were evaluated, using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMA). Immunofluorescence was employed to explore protein interactions. RESULTS Cytoplasmic NHERF1(cNHERF1) expression was directly related to cytoplasmic VEGF and VEGFR1 expression (p = 0.001 and p = 0.027 respectively), and inversely to nuclear HIF-1α (p = 0.021) and TWIST1 (p = 0.001). Further, immunofluorescence revealed an involvement of tumor cells with NHERF1 positive staining in neo-vascular formation, suggesting a "mosaic" structure development of these neo-vessels. Survival analyses showed that loss of nuclear TWIST1 (nTWIST1) expression was related to a decrease of disease free survival (DFS) (p < 0.001), while nTWIST1-/mNHERF1+ presented an increased DFS with respect to nTWIST1+/mNHERF1- phenotype (p < 0.001). Subsequently, the analyses of nTWIST1+/cNHERF1+ phenotype selected a subgroup of patients with a worse DFS compared to nTWIST1-/cNHERF1- patients (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION Resulting data suggested a dynamic relation between NHERF1 and TME markers, and confirmed both the oncosuppressor role of membranous NHERF1 expression and the oncogene activity of cytoplasmic NHERF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Saponaro
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vagheggini
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST)-IRCCS, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scarpi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST)-IRCCS, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Matteo Centonze
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Ivana Catacchio
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Ondina Popescu
- Pathology Department, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni PaoloII", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Irene Pastena
- Pathology Department, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni PaoloII", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giotta
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Anita Mangia
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy.
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20
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Zhou S, Sun X, Yu L, Zhou R, Li A, Li M, Yang W. Differential expression and clinical significance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers among different histological types of triple-negative breast cancer. J Cancer 2018; 9:604-613. [PMID: 29483966 PMCID: PMC5820928 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease closely associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study aimed to investigate the role of EMT in metaplastic carcinoma. Methods: E-cadherin, Slug, Twist and Vimentin levels were detected by immunohistochemistry in 167 TNBC tumors, including 145 invasive carcinomas of no special type (ICONSTs), 14 spindle cell carcinomas (SpCCs) and 8 matrix-producing carcinomas (MPCs). Results: Nuclear Slug and Twist were more frequently detected in SpCC and MPC tumors than that in ICONST tumors (p<0.001). The rate of E-cadherin loss was much lower in the ICONST tumors than that in the SpCC and MPC tumors (p<0.001). Vimentin was expressed in all SpCC and MPC tumors. Furthermore, nuclear expression of Slug and Twist was positively associated with the cytoplasmic localization of Vimentin (p<0.001) and was inversely associated with membranous staining of E-cadherin (p<0.001). These trends were more apparent in the SpCC and MPC tumors than in the ICONST tumors. Follow-up data were available for 151 patients. The follow-up times ranged from 1 month to 11 years (mean: 74 m; median: 21 m). The median progression-free survival and overall survival times were 24 months (mean: 32 months) and 22 months (mean: 35 months), respectively. Tumor size, TNM stage and E-cadherin were found to be independent prognostic factors of TNBC. Conclusions: EMT may play an important role in TNBC, especially in MPC and SpCC. Further researches are needed to confirm this finding. The results of this study may facilitate the future development of targeted therapies based on alterations in the EMT and stem cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ruoji Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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21
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Qiao W, Jia Z, Liu H, Liu Q, Zhang T, Guo W, Li P, Deng M, Li S. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of Twist expression in breast cancer: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186191. [PMID: 29016671 PMCID: PMC5633195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite initial indications that the transcription factor Twist could be used as a breast cancer prognostic marker, there still exists some controversy about its reliability. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between Twist expression and prognosis in breast carcinoma. Materials and methods We identified eligible studies that reported an association between Twist expression and breast cancer prognosis by searching the literature in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, through June 5, 2017. Studies investigating Twist protein or mRNA expression as well as reporting survival data in breast cancer were included. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and odds radio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to estimate associations. Results A total of 2,671 patients from seven included studies were assessed, and the data indicated that increased Twist expression significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00–1.33; P = 0.04) in breast cancer. In addition, we also observed a significant correlation of elevated Twist expression with larger tumor size (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.31–2.81; P = 0.0009), lymph node involvement (OR, 3.81; 95% CI, 1.16–12.54; P = 0.03), higher nuclear grade (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.06–2.00; P = 0.02), and positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.06–2.09; P = 0.02). However, no correlation between Twist expression and disease-free survival (DFS), age, estrogen receptor (ER) status, and progesterone receptor (PR) status was observed. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that Twist over-expression is a statistically significant indicator of OS in breast cancer. In addition, our meta-analysis shows that increased Twist expression is significantly associated with larger tumor size, lymph node involvement, higher nuclear grade, and positive HER2 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Jia
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Heyang Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qipeng Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wanying Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Miao Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- * E-mail: (MD); (SL)
| | - Sanqiang Li
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- * E-mail: (MD); (SL)
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22
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Kwon CH, Park HJ, Choi Y, Won YJ, Lee SJ, Park DY. TWIST mediates resistance to paclitaxel by regulating Akt and Bcl-2 expression in gastric cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317722070. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317722070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chae Hwa Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ji Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Won
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Youn Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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23
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Tavares ALP, Brown JA, Ulrich EC, Dvorak K, Runyan RB. Runx2-I is an Early Regulator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Cell Transition in the Chick Embryo. Dev Dyn 2017. [PMID: 28631378 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although normally linked to bone and cartilage development, the Runt-related transcription factor, RUNX2, was reported in the mouse heart during development of the valves. We examined RUNX2 expression and function in the developing avian heart as it related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the atrioventricular canal. EMT can be separated into an activation stage involving hypertrophy and cell separation and an invasion stage where cells invade the extracellular matrix. The localization and activity of RUNX2 was explored in relation to these steps in the heart. As RUNX2 was also reported in cancer tissues, we examined its expression in the progression of esophageal cancer in staged tissues. RESULTS A specific isoform, RUNX2-I, is present and required for EMT by endothelia of the atrioventricular canal. Knockdown of RUNX2-I inhibits the cell-cell separation that is characteristic of initial activation of EMT. Loss of RUNX2-I altered expression of EMT markers to a greater extent during activation than during subsequent cell invasion. Transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFβ2) mediates activation during cardiac endothelial EMT. Consistent with a role in activation, RUNX2-I is regulated by TGFβ2 and its activity is independent of similarly expressed Snai2 in regulation of EMT. Examination of RUNX2 expression in esophageal cancer showed its upregulation concomitant with the development of dysplasia and continued expression in adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS These data introduce the RUNX2-I isoform as a critical early transcription factor mediating EMT in the developing heart after induction by TGFβ2. Its expression in tumor tissue suggests a similar role for RUNX2 in the EMT of metastasis. Developmental Dynamics 247:542-554, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre L P Tavares
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jessie A Brown
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Emily C Ulrich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Katerina Dvorak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Raymond B Runyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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24
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Chen H, Lu W, Huang C, Ding K, Xia D, Wu Y, Cai M. Prognostic significance of ZEB1 and ZEB2 in digestive cancers: a cohort-based analysis and secondary analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:31435-31448. [PMID: 28416756 PMCID: PMC5458220 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digestive cancers are common malignancies worldwide, however there are few effective prognostic markers available. In this study we comprehensively investigated the prognostic significance of ZEB1 and ZEB2 in digestive cancers. METHODS Electronic databases were searched and studies met the selection criteria were included. Study information was recorded and quality assessment was performed according to the REMARK guideline. Hazard ratios and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals were extracted and pooled. Sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, cumulative meta-analyses and secondary analyses were also performed to increase the stability and reliability of our results. RESULTS 24 cohort studies were included in the study. High ZEB1 and ZEB2 levels predicted poor overall survival, meanwhile high ZEB2 levels predicted poor disease free survival for digestive cancer patients. From subgroup analyses we observed ZEB1 was found to be significantly associated with poor overall survival for patients with pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, while ZEB2 was found to be significantly associated with poor overall survival for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancer. Furthermore, by conducting secondary analyses we confirmed both ZEB1 and ZEB2 played important roles in gastric cancer prediction. In addition, we found high ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression were significantly associated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in digestive cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS The present study validated the prognostic value and clinicopathological association of ZEB1 and ZEB2 in digestive cancers, especially in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chen
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongjie Huang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mao Cai
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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25
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Yamada N, Sugai T, Eizuka M, Tsuchida K, Sugimoto R, Mue Y, Suzuki M, Osakabe M, Uesugi N, Ishida K, Otsuka K, Matsumoto T. Tumor budding at the invasive front of colorectal cancer may not be associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Hum Pathol 2017; 60:151-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Zhai S, Liu C, Zhang L, Zhu J, Guo J, Zhang J, Chen Z, Zhou W, Chang T, Xu S, Qi Y, Zhuang T, Yu N, Wang W, Wang H, Yu S, Li X. PLCE1 Promotes Esophageal Cancer Cell Progression by Maintaining the Transcriptional Activity of Snail. Neoplasia 2017; 19:154-164. [PMID: 28147304 PMCID: PMC5279705 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is among the most deadly malignant diseases. However, the genetic factors contributing to its occurrence are poorly understood. Multiple studies with large clinic-based cohorts revealed that variations of the phospholipase C epsilon (PLCE1) gene were associated with esophageal cancer susceptibility. However, the causative role of PLCE1 in esophageal cancer is not clear. We inactivated the functional alleles of PLCE1 by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. The resultant PLCE1 inactivated cells were analyzed both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that loss of PLCE1 dramatically decreased the invasion and proliferation capacity of esophageal carcinoma cells in vitro. Moreover, such PLCE1 inactivated tumor grafts exhibited significantly decreased tumor size in mice. We found that PLCE1 was required to maintain protein level of snail a key transcription factor responsible for invasion. Our further transcriptomic data revealed that deficient cells were significantly decreased in expression of genes enriched as targets of Snail. Strikingly, recovery of Snail protein at least partially rescued the invasion and proliferation capacity in PLCE1 inactivated cells. In ESCC clinical specimens, PLCE1 was correlated with tumor stage (P<.0001). Interestingly, PLCE1 expression was positively correlated Snail by immunohistochemistry in such specimens (P<.0001). Therefore, our functional experiments showed the essential roles of PLCE1 in esophageal carcinoma cells and provided evidences that targeting PLCE1 and its downstream molecules could be effective therapies for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicong Zhai
- Center for Cancer Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Cui Liu
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University; Research Center for Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Jiqiang Guo
- Research Center for Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Jinghang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, China
| | - Wenping Zhou
- Lymphoma Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tingmin Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, China
| | - Siguang Xu
- Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Yijun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, College of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Ting Zhuang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University; Research Center for Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Weilong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sifan Yu
- Research Center for Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Li
- Center for Cancer Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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27
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Sulaiman A, Yao ZM, Wang LS. Re-evaluating the role of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in cancer progression. J Biomed Res 2016; 32:81-90. [PMID: 28546516 PMCID: PMC5895572 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) are essential for embryonic development and also important in cancer progression. In a conventional model, epithelial-like cancer cells transit to mesenchymal-like tumor cells with great motility via EMT transcription factors; these mesenchymal-like cells migrate through the circulation system, relocate to a suitable site and then convert back to an epithelial-like phenotype to regenerate the tumor. However, recent findings challenge this conventional model and support the existence of a stable hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) tumor population. Hybrid E/M tumor cells exhibit both epithelial and mesenchymal properties, possess great metastatic and tumorigenic capacity and are associated with poorer patient prognosis. The hybrid E/M model and associated regulatory networks represent a conceptual change regarding tumor metastasis and organ colonization. It may lead to the development of novel treatment strategies to ultimately stop cancer progression and improve disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sulaiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada.,China-Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ze-Min Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada.,China-Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada.,China-Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
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28
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Han G, Lu K, Huang J, Ye J, Dai S, Ye Y, Zhang L. Effect of Annexin A1 gene on the proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells and its regulatory mechanisms. Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:357-363. [PMID: 28035369 PMCID: PMC5358711 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Annexin A1 (ANXA1) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells and its possible mechanisms of action. After constructing the ANXA1 overexpression plasmid, we transfected this plasmid and/or microRNA (miRNA)‑196a mimic into ESCC cells (Eca109 cell line). Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and Transwell chamber assay were performed to determine cell proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to examine the protein expression levels of ANXA1, Snail and E-cadherin. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miRNA-196a. Our results revealed that ANXA1 expression was upregulated in the cells transfected with the ANXA1 overexpression plasmid, and cell proliferation, migration and invasion were significantly increased (p=0.004, p<0.001 and p=0.011, respectively). In the cells transfected with the miRNA‑196a mimic, miRNA‑196a expression was significantly upregulated (p<0.001). However, miRNA-196a expression was downregulated in the cells transfected with the ANXA1 overexpression plasmid. In addition, in the cells transfected with the miRNA‑196a mimic, cell proliferation, migration and invasion were significantly decreased (p=0.027, p=0.009 and p=0.021, respectively). In the cells transfected with the ANXA1 overexpression plasmid, the expression of Snail was upregulated and that of E-cadherin was downregulated. However, the opposite was observed in the cells transfected with the miRNA‑196a mimic. Our findings thus demonstrate that ANXA1 promotes the proliferation of Eca109 cells, and increases the expression of Snail, whereas it inhibits that of E-cadherin, thus enhancing the migration and invasion of ESCC cells. miRNA-196a negatively regulates the expression of ANXA1, thereby inhibiting the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of ESCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohua Han
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Kaijin Lu
- Department of Chest Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Junxing Huang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ye
- Central Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Shengbin Dai
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Yunyao Ye
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
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29
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Multimodal tumor suppression by miR-302 cluster in melanoma and colon cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:121-132. [PMID: 27840154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The miR-302 family is one of the main groups of microRNAs, which are highly expressed in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Previous reports have indicated that miR-302 can reduce the proliferation rate of some cancer cells while compromising on their oncogenic potential at the same time without having the same effect on normal somatic cells. In this study we aimed to further investigate the role of the miR-302 cluster in multiple cancer signaling pathways using A-375 melanoma and HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Our results indicate that the miR-302 cluster has the potential to modulate oncogenic properties of cancer cells through inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion, and through reversal of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in these cells. We showed for the first time that overexpression of miR-302 cluster sensitized A-375 and HT-29 cells to hypoxia and also to the selective BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. MiR-302 is a pleiotropically acting miRNA family which may have significant implications in controlling cancer progression and invasion. It acts through a reprogramming process, which has a global effect on a multitude of cellular pathways and events. We propose that reprogramming of cancer cells by epigenetic factors, especially miRNAs might provide an efficient tool for controlling cancer and especially for those with more invasive nature.
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30
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Adega F, Borges A, Chaves R. Cat Mammary Tumors: Genetic Models for the Human Counterpart. Vet Sci 2016; 3:vetsci3030017. [PMID: 29056725 PMCID: PMC5606576 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci3030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The records are not clear, but Man has been sheltering the cat inside his home for over 12,000 years. The close proximity of this companion animal, however, goes beyond sharing the same roof; it extends to the great similarity found at the cellular and molecular levels. Researchers have found a striking resemblance between subtypes of feline mammary tumors and their human counterparts that goes from the genes to the pathways involved in cancer initiation and progression. Spontaneous cat mammary pre-invasive intraepithelial lesions (hyperplasias and neoplasias) and malignant lesions seem to share a wide repertoire of molecular features with their human counterparts. In the present review, we tried to compile all the genetics aspects published (i.e., chromosomal alterations, critical cancer genes and their expression) regarding cat mammary tumors, which support the cat as a valuable alternative in vitro cell and animal model (i.e., cat mammary cell lines and the spontaneous tumors, respectively), but also to present a critical point of view of some of the issues that really need to be investigated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Adega
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Ana Borges
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Chaves
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
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Prognostic Value of EMT-inducing Transcription Factors (EMT-TFs) in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28587. [PMID: 27335258 PMCID: PMC4917825 DOI: 10.1038/srep28587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a vital control point in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). TWIST1, SNAIL1, SLUG, and ZEB1, as key EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), are involved in MBC through different signaling cascades. This updated meta-analysis was conducted to assess the correlation between the expression of EMT-TFs and prognostic value in MBC patients. A total of 3,218 MBC patients from fourteen eligible studies were evaluated. The pooled hazard ratios (HR) for EMT-TFs suggested that high EMT-TF expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in MBC patients (HRs = 1.72; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.53–1.93; P = 0.001). In addition, the overexpression of SLUG was the most impactful on the risk of MBC compared with TWIST1 and SNAIL1, which sponsored fixed models. Strikingly, the increased risk of MBC was less associated with ZEB1 expression. However, the EMT-TF expression levels significantly increased the risk of MBC in the Asian population (HR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.70–2.62) without any publication bias (t = 1.70, P = 0.11). These findings suggest that the overexpression of potentially TWIST1, SNAIL1 and especially SLUG play a key role in the aggregation of MBC treatment as well as in the improvement of follow-up plans in Asian MBC patients.
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Taiwan cobra cardiotoxin III suppresses EGF/EGFR-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invasion of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Toxicon 2016; 111:108-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Taliaferro-Smith L, Oberlick E, Liu T, McGlothen T, Alcaide T, Tobin R, Donnelly S, Commander R, Kline E, Nagaraju GP, Havel L, Marcus A, Nahta R, O'Regan R. FAK activation is required for IGF1R-mediated regulation of EMT, migration, and invasion in mesenchymal triple negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4757-72. [PMID: 25749031 PMCID: PMC4467113 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly metastatic disease that currently lacks effective prevention and treatment strategies. The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathways function in numerous developmental processes, and alterations in both are linked with a number of common pathological diseases. Overexpression of IGF1R and FAK are closely associated with metastatic breast tumors. The present study investigated the interrelationship between IGF1R and FAK signaling in regulating the malignant properties of TNBC cells. Using small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated IGF1R silencing methods, we showed that IGF1R is essential for sustaining mesenchymal morphologies of TNBC cells and modulates the expression of EMT-related markers. We further showed that IGF1R overexpression promotes migratory and invasive behaviors of TNBC cell lines. Most importantly, IGF1R-driven migration and invasion is predominantly mediated by FAK activation and can be suppressed using pharmacological inhibitors of FAK. Our findings in TNBC cells demonstrate a novel role of the IGF1R/FAK signaling pathway in regulating critical processes involved in the metastatic cascade. These results may improve the current understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms of TNBC metastasis and provide a strong rationale for co-targeting of IGF1R and FAK as therapy for mesenchymal TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaTonia Taliaferro-Smith
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Elaine Oberlick
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA.,Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Tongrui Liu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Tanisha McGlothen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Tiffanie Alcaide
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Rachel Tobin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Siobhan Donnelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Rachel Commander
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Erik Kline
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Lauren Havel
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Adam Marcus
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Rita Nahta
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Ruth O'Regan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA.,Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence at Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, 30303 USA
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Tsai PC, Fu YS, Chang LS, Lin SR. Cardiotoxin III Inhibits Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Suppresses Invasion of MDA-MB-231 Cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015; 30:12-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Syan Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung 804 Taiwan
| | - Shinne-Ren Lin
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan
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35
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Norozi F, Ahmadzadeh A, Shahjahani M, Shahrabi S, Saki N. Twist as a new prognostic marker in hematological malignancies. Clin Transl Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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36
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Xiang S, Liu YM, Chen X, Wang YW, Ma RR, Wu XJ, Gao P. ZEB1 Expression Is Correlated With Tumor Metastasis and Reduced Prognosis of Breast Carcinoma in Asian Patients. Cancer Invest 2015; 33:225-31. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2015.1022258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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37
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Avasarala S, Van Scoyk M, Karuppusamy Rathinam MK, Zerayesus S, Zhao X, Zhang W, Pergande MR, Borgia JA, DeGregori J, Port JD, Winn RA, Bikkavilli RK. PRMT1 Is a Novel Regulator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13479-89. [PMID: 25847239 PMCID: PMC4505594 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.636050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyl transferase 1 (PRMT1) was shown to be up-regulated in cancers and important for cancer cell proliferation. However, the role of PRMT1 in lung cancer progression and metastasis remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we show that PRMT1 is an important regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer cell migration, and invasion, which are essential processes during cancer progression, and metastasis. Additionally, we have identified Twist1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor and a well-known E-cadherin repressor, as a novel PRMT1 substrate. Taken together, we show that PRMT1 is a novel regulator of EMT and arginine 34 (Arg-34) methylation of Twist1 as a unique "methyl arginine mark" for active E-cadherin repression. Therefore, targeting PRMT1-mediated Twist1 methylation might represent a novel strategy for developing new anti-invasive/anti-metastatic drugs. Moreover, methylated Twist1 (Arg-34), as such, could also emerge as a potential important biomarker for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sereke Zerayesus
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, and
| | - Xiangmin Zhao
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, and
| | - Wei Zhang
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Melissa R Pergande
- the Department of Pathology and Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | - Jeffrey A Borgia
- the Department of Pathology and Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | | | - J David Port
- the Departments of Medicine, Cardiology and Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Robert A Winn
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, and
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38
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Prognostic significance of epithelial–mesenchymal transition proteins Twist and Foxc2 in phyllodes tumours of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 150:19-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Bu F, Liu X, Li J, Chen S, Tong X, Ma C, Mao H, Pan F, Li X, Chen B, Xu L, Li E, Kou G, Han J, Guo S, Zhao J, Guo Y. TGF-β1 induces epigenetic silence of TIP30 to promote tumor metastasis in esophageal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2120-33. [PMID: 25544767 PMCID: PMC4385840 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1, a potent EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) inducer present in the tumor microenvironment, is involved in the metastasis and progression of various carcinomas, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). TIP30 (30kDa HIV-1 Tat interacting protein) is a putative tumor metastasis suppressor. Here, we found TIP30 was decreased in cells undergoing EMT induced by TGF-β1, an occurrence that was related to promoter hypermethylation. TGF-β1 induced TIP30 hypermethylation via increasing DNMT1 and DNMT3A expression, which could be restored by TGF-β antibodies. In our in vitro and in vivo studies, we showed that silence of TIP30 led to EMT, enhanced migrative and invasive abilities of ESCC cells, promoted tumor metastasis in xenografted mice; alternatively, overexpression of TIP30 inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT, and metastatic abilities of ESCC cells. Mechanically, TIP30 silencing induced the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of β-catenin in an AKT-dependent manner, which further resulted in the initiation of EMT. Consistently, TIP30 was frequently methylated and downregulated in ESCC patients. Loss of TIP30 correlated with nuclear β-catenin and aberrant E-cadherin expression. TIP30 was a powerful marker in predicting the prognosis of ESCC. Taken together, our results suggest a novel and critical role of TIP30 involved in TGF-β1-induced activation of AKT/β-catenin signaling and ESCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Bu
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Lab, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering & Antibody, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- The 150 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Luoyang, P.R.China
| | - Jingjing Li
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Lab, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shukun Chen
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Lab, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Tong
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Lab, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering & Antibody, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chunsheng Ma
- The 150 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Luoyang, P.R.China
| | - Hui Mao
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Lab, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fei Pan
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Lab, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Lab, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, P.R.China
| | - Liyan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, P.R.China
| | - Enmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, P.R.China
| | - Geng Kou
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Lab, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, P.R. China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, P.R. China
| | - Shangjing Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Lab, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering & Antibody, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Guo
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Lab, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R.China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering & Antibody, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, P.R. China
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40
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Stanisavljevic J, Loubat-Casanovas J, Herrera M, Luque T, Peña R, Lluch A, Albanell J, Bonilla F, Rovira A, Peña C, Navajas D, Rojo F, García de Herreros A, Baulida J. Snail1-expressing fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment display mechanical properties that support metastasis. Cancer Res 2014; 75:284-95. [PMID: 25488750 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment alter its properties in ways that facilitate the invasive behavior of tumor cells. Here, we demonstrate that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) increase the stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and promote anisotropic fiber orientation, two mechanical signals generated through a Snail1/RhoA/αSMA-dependent mechanism that sustains oriented tumor cell migration and invasiveness. Snail1-depleted CAF failed to acquire myofibroblastic traits in response to TGFβ, including RhoA activation, αSMA-positive stress fibers, increased fibronectin fibrillogenesis, and production of a stiff ECM with oriented fibers. Snail1 expression in human tumor-derived CAF was associated with an ability to organize the ECM. In coculture, a relatively smaller number of Snail1-expressing CAF were capable of imposing an anisotropic ECM architecture, compared with nonactivated fibroblasts. Pathologically, human breast cancers with Snail1(+) CAF tended to exhibit desmoplastic areas with anisotropic fibers, lymph node involvement, and poorer outcomes. Snail1 involvement in driving an ordered ECM was further confirmed in wound-healing experiments in mice, with Snail1 depletion preventing the anisotropic organization of granulation tissue and delaying wound healing. Overall, our results showed that inhibiting Snail1 function in CAF could prevent tumor-driven ECM reorganization and cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stanisavljevic
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordina Loubat-Casanovas
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Herrera
- Department of Medical Oncology, Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Luque
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Peña
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain. Department of Medicine, Valencia Central University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Molecular Therapeutics and Biomarkers in Cancer Laboratory, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Félix Bonilla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rovira
- Molecular Therapeutics and Biomarkers in Cancer Laboratory, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Peña
- Department of Medical Oncology, Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 07110-Bunyola, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Molecular Therapeutics and Biomarkers in Cancer Laboratory, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. Department of Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain. Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio García de Herreros
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain. Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Baulida
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.
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41
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Zhang P, Hu P, Shen H, Yu J, Liu Q, Du J. Prognostic role of Twist or Snail in various carcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:1072-94. [PMID: 25257753 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twist and Snail are considered as key transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin tightly related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer progression. Numerous studies have investigated the prognostic value of Twist and Snail. However, the published results were controversial or even opposite. Our article aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of Twist and Snail in patients with cancer. DESIGN A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science was conducted. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed to quantify the prognostic role. RESULTS The pooled HR with 38 studies for Twist was 2·18 (95% CI: 1·77-2·68, I(2) = 69·8%, P = 0·000) and for Snail with 40 studies was 1·58 (95% CI: 1·33-1·87, I(2) = 70·0%, P = 0·000), suggesting high Twist/Snail expression predicted poor prognosis related to all clinical outcomes. For Twist, the pooled HR for overall survival (OS) was 2·07 (95% CI: 1·63-2·63, I(2) = 72·6%, P = 0·000) and for progression-free/recurrence-free/metastasis-free/disease-free/cancer-free survival (PFS/RFS/MFS/DFS/CFS) was 2·36 (95% CI: 1·76-3·17, I(2) = 65·0%, P = 0·000). For Snail, the pooled HR for OS was 1·63 (95% CI: 1·33-1·99, I(2) = 70·8%, P = 0·000) and for PFS/RFS/MFS/DFS/CFS was 1·54 (95% CI: 1·17-2·02, I(2) = 59·1%, P = 0·001). All of those results were suggesting that high Twist/Snail expression was associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, when grouped into different types of cancers, the pooled HRs were also calculated for the subgroups. No publication bias was found except studies evaluating all clinical outcomes of Twist (P = 0·006 for Begg's test and 0·006 for Egger's test). CONCLUSIONS Elevated Twist or Snail expression in tumour tissue indicated poor prognosis for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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42
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Wang Y, Bu F, Royer C, Serres S, Larkin JR, Soto MS, Sibson NR, Salter V, Fritzsche F, Turnquist C, Koch S, Zak J, Zhong S, Wu G, Liang A, Olofsen PA, Moch H, Hancock DC, Downward J, Goldin RD, Zhao J, Tong X, Guo Y, Lu X. ASPP2 controls epithelial plasticity and inhibits metastasis through β-catenin-dependent regulation of ZEB1. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:1092-104. [PMID: 25344754 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the reverse mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET), are known examples of epithelial plasticity that are important in kidney development and cancer metastasis. Here we identify ASPP2, a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor, p53 activator and PAR3 binding partner, as a molecular switch of MET and EMT. ASPP2 contributes to MET in mouse kidney in vivo. Mechanistically, ASPP2 induces MET through its PAR3-binding amino-terminus, independently of p53 binding. ASPP2 prevents β-catenin from transactivating ZEB1, directly by forming an ASPP2-β-catenin-E-cadherin ternary complex and indirectly by inhibiting β-catenin's N-terminal phosphorylation to stabilize the β-catenin-E-cadherin complex. ASPP2 limits the pro-invasive property of oncogenic RAS and inhibits tumour metastasis in vivo. Reduced ASPP2 expression results in EMT, and is associated with poor survival in hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer patients. Hence, ASPP2 is a key regulator of epithelial plasticity that connects cell polarity to the suppression of WNT signalling, EMT and tumour metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Wang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Fangfang Bu
- 1] International Joint Cancer Institute &Eastern Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China [2] PLA General Hospital Cancer Center, PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine, 28 Fuxing Road Beijing 100853, China
| | - Christophe Royer
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sébastien Serres
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - James R Larkin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Victoria Salter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Florian Fritzsche
- 1] Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK [2] Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Casmir Turnquist
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sofia Koch
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jaroslav Zak
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Shan Zhong
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Guobin Wu
- Guangxi Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Anmin Liang
- Guangxi Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Patricia A Olofsen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David C Hancock
- Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Julian Downward
- Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Centre for Pathology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Jian Zhao
- 1] International Joint Cancer Institute &Eastern Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China [2] PLA General Hospital Cancer Center, PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine, 28 Fuxing Road Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xin Tong
- 1] International Joint Cancer Institute &Eastern Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China [2] PLA General Hospital Cancer Center, PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine, 28 Fuxing Road Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yajun Guo
- 1] International Joint Cancer Institute &Eastern Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China [2] PLA General Hospital Cancer Center, PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine, 28 Fuxing Road Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Jiang XM, Zhang JB, Xiong J, Huang XX, Ren ZG. Altered distribution and expression pattern of E-cadherin in hepatocellular carcinomas: correlations with prognosis and clinical features. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 13:6455-61. [PMID: 23464474 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE E-cadherin has been identified as a tumor suppressor in many types of carcinoma. However, some studies recently suggested that the role and expression of E-cadherin might be more complex and diverse. In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic value of E-cadherin expression with reference to levels in membranes and cytoplasm, and the membrane/cytoplasm ratio, in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) after curative hepatectomy. METHODS The expression of E-cadherin was assessed by immunohistochemistry in HCC tissue microarrays from 125 patients, and its prognostic values and other clinicopathlogical data were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were followed for a median period of 43.7 months (range 1 to 126 months). RESULTS Univariate analysis demonstrated that a high membrane/cytoplasm (M/C) ratio of E-cadherin expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (P =0.001) and shorter time to recurrence (TTR) (P =0.038), as well as tumor size, intrahepatic metastasis, and TNM stage. In contrast, neither membrane nor cytoplasmic expression of E-cadherin was related with OS and TTR. Furthermore, multivariate analysis confirmed the M/C ratio to be an independent predictor of OS (P =0.031). ?2 tests additionally showed that the M/C ratio of E-cadherin expression was related with early stage recurrence (P =0.012), rather than later stage recurrence. CONCLUSION The M/C ratio of E-cadherin expression is a strong predictor of postoperative survival and is associated with early stage recurrence in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Jiang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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ZEB2 and ZEB1 expression in a spontaneous canine model of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the mammary gland. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:554-9. [PMID: 25447746 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
ZEB1 and ZEB2 have been recently related to cancer prognosis. We investigated their expression and its association with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival in invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC), which is a metastasising neoplasm of the canine mammary gland. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for ZEB2 and nuclear staining for ZEB1. 'In situ' areas presented higher positivity for cytoplasmic ZEB2 than invasive areas of IMPC did (p = 0.03). ZEB1 positivity was associated with a low histological grade (p = 0.01). A shorter overall survival rate was observed in IMPCs that were positive for cytoplasmic ZEB2 (p = 0.04). Antibodies specificity in canine species was confirmed by western blot. Our results indicated that cytoplasmic ZEB2 appears to be an important factor in the early stages of malignancy and predicts a poor overall survival rate for IMPC in this canine mammary cancer model. ZEB1 downregulation appears to be associated with the dedifferentiation process of IMPC.
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Nam KH, Kim MA, Choe G, Kim WH, Lee HS. Deregulation of the cell polarity protein Lethal giant larvae 2 (Lgl2) correlates with gastric cancer progression. Gastric Cancer 2014; 17:610-20. [PMID: 24337435 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-013-0324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the roles of Lethal giant larvae 2 (Lgl2), an epithelial cell polarity protein, during gastric carcinogenesis and gastric cancer (GC) progression and evaluated the correlation of Lgl2 with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. METHODS Lgl2 protein and mRNA expression were determined by immunohistochemistry and mRNA in situ hybridization in a large series of GC and preneoplastic lesions. Additionally, expression of 7 EMT markers was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Loss of membrane Lgl2 staining in GC was observed in 347 of 409 GCs. Lgl2 loss was associated with diffuse histological type (P < 0.001), advanced stage (P = 0.021), and worse prognosis (P = 0.047). Furthermore, Lgl2 loss correlated with reduced E-cadherin expression (P < 0.01) and increased expression of vimentin (P < 0.01). Combined analysis of Lgl2 and the EMT markers, S100A4 and MMP2, improved predictions of patient outcomes. During gastric carcinogenesis, membrane expression of Lgl2 was progressively lost in 4 % of normal mucosa, 75 % of intestinal metaplasia, 58 % of gastric dysplasia, 69 % of intestinal type GC, and 96 % of diffuse type GC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Lgl2 loss occurs at an early stage of gastric carcinogenesis and contributes to GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Han Nam
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
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Inflammatory factors of the tumor microenvironment induce plasticity in nontransformed breast epithelial cells: EMT, invasion, and collapse of normally organized breast textures. Neoplasia 2014; 15:1330-46. [PMID: 24403855 DOI: 10.1593/neo.131688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontransformed breast epithelial cells that are adjacent to tumor cells are constantly exposed to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), two inflammatory cytokines identified as having pro-tumoral causative roles. We show that continuous stimulation of nontransformed breast epithelial cells by TNFα + IL-1β for 2 to 3 weeks induced their spreading and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The mechanistic bases for this slow induction of EMT by TNFα + IL-1β are: 1) it took 2 to 3 weeks for the cytokines to induce the expression of the EMT activators Zeb1 and Snail; 2) although Twist has amplified the EMT-inducing activities of Zeb1 + Snail, its expression was reduced by TNFα + IL-1β; however, the lack of Twist was compensated by prolonged stimulation with TNFα + IL-1β that has potentiated the EMT-inducing activities of Zeb1 + Snail. Stimulation by TNFα + IL-1β has induced the following dissemination-related properties in the nontransformed cells: 1) up-regulation of functional matrix metalloproteinases; 2) induction of migratory and invasive capabilities; 3) disruption of the normal phenotype of organized three-dimensional acini structures typically formed only by nontransformed breast cells and spreading of nontransformed cells out of such acini. Our findings suggest that TNFα + IL-1β induce dissemination of nontransformed breast epithelial cells and their reseeding at the primary tumor site; if, then, such detached cells are exposed to transforming events, they may form secondary malignant focus and lead to disease recurrence. Thus, our study reveals novel pathways through which the inflammatory microenvironment may contribute to relapsed disease in breast cancer.
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Ru NY, Wu J, Chen ZN, Bian H. HAb18G/CD147 is involved in TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and hepatocellular carcinoma invasion. Cell Biol Int 2014; 39:44-51. [PMID: 25044444 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. HAb18G/CD147, a member of the immunoglobulin family, plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. HAb18G/CD147 promotes EMT of hepatocytes through TGF-β signaling and is transcriptionally regulated by Slug. We investigated the role of HAb18G/CD147 in TGF-β-induced EMT in HCC invasion. Two human HCC cell lines, SMMC-7721 and HepG2, were used to determine the role of HAb18G/CD147 in EMT. Upregulation of HAb18G/CD147 induced by the high doses of TGF-β1 in SMMC-7721 (5 ng/mL) and HepG2 cells (10 ng/mL) (P < 0.05). CD147 upregulation was coupled with upregulation of Snail1 and Slug. CD147 knockout significantly decreased the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin, and colony formation ability of SMMC-7721 cells. TGF-β1 enhanced the migration capacity of SMMC-7721 cells, which was markedly attenuated by CD147 knockdown. Thus, HAb18G/CD147 is involved in TGF-β-induced EMT and HCC invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Yu Ru
- Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China; Department of Aerospace Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Mato E, González C, Moral A, Pérez JI, Bell O, Lerma E, de Leiva A. ABCG2/BCRP gene expression is related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer genes in a papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line (TPC-1). J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:289-300. [PMID: 24643400 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor malignancy is associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and resistance to chemotherapy. However, little is known about the relationship between the EMT and the multidrug-resistance gene in thyroid tumor progression. We investigated whether the expression of the ABCG2/BCRP gene is associated with ZEB1 and other EMT inducer genes involved in tumor dedifferentiation. We established a subpopulation of cells that express the ABCG2/BCRP gene derived from the thyroid papillary carcinoma cell line (TPC-1), the so-called TPC-1 MITO-resistant subline. The most relevant findings in these TPC-1 selected cells were a statistically significant upregulation of ZEB1 and TWIST1 (35- and 15-fold change respectively), no changes in the relative expression of vimentin and SNAIL1, and no expression of E-cadherin. The TPC-1 MITO-resistant subline displayed a faster migration and greater invasive ability than parental cells in correlation with a significant upregulation of the survivin (BIRC5) gene (twofold change, P<0.05). The knockdown of ZEB1 promoted nuclear re-expression of E-cadherin, reduced expression of vimentin, N-cadherin, and BIRC5 genes, and reduced cell migration (P<0.05). Analysis of human thyroid carcinoma showed a slight overexpression of the ABCG2/BCRP at stages I and II (P<0.01), and a higher overexpression at stages III and IV (P<0.01). SNAIL1, TWIST1, and ZEB1 genes showed higher expression at stages III and IV than at stages I and II. E- and N-cadherin genes were upregulated at stages I and II of the disease (ninefold and tenfold change, respectively, P<0.01) but downregulated at stages III and IV (fourfold lower, P<0.01). These results could be a promising starting point for further study of the role of the ABCG2/BCRP gene in the progression of thyroid tumor.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/biosynthesis
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cadherins/biosynthesis
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Homeodomain Proteins/biosynthesis
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/biosynthesis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Staging
- Nuclear Proteins/biosynthesis
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Snail Family Transcription Factors
- Survivin
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Gland/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Twist-Related Protein 1/biosynthesis
- Up-Regulation
- Vimentin/biosynthesis
- Young Adult
- Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1
- Zinc Fingers/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mato
- Thyroid Neoplasia Study Group, EDUAB-HSP, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Departament de Biologia Cel-lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain Departments of Endocrinology and Nutrition General Surgery Pathology IIB, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Synergistic effects of glycated chitosan with high-intensity focused ultrasound on suppression of metastases in a syngeneic breast tumor model. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1178. [PMID: 24743733 PMCID: PMC4001313 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of the host immune system is crucial in cancer treatment. In particular, nonspecific immunotherapies, when combined with other traditional therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy, may induce immunity against primary and metastatic tumors. In this study, we demonstrate that a novel, non-toxic immunoadjuvant, glycated chitosan (GC), decreases the motility and invasion of mammalian breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Lung metastatic ratios were reduced in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice when intratumoral GC injection was combined with local high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment. We postulate that this treatment modality stimulates the host immune system to combat cancer cells, as macrophage accumulation in tumor lesions was detected after GC-HIFU treatment. In addition, plasma collected from GC-HIFU-treated tumor-bearing mice exhibited tumor-specific cytotoxicity. We also investigated the effect of GC on epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related markers. Our results showed that GC decreased the expression of Twist-1 and Slug, proto-oncogenes commonly implicated in metastasis. Epithelial-cadherin, which is regulated by these genes, was also upregulated. Taken together, our current data suggest that GC alone can reduce cancer cell motility and invasion, whereas GC-HIFU treatment can induce immune responses to suppress tumor metastasis in vivo.
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Zhou Y, Li Y, Ye J, Jiang R, Yan H, Yang X, Liu Q, Zhang J. MicroRNA-491 is involved in metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibitions of matrix metalloproteinase and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Liver Int 2013; 33:1271-80. [PMID: 23725476 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide; the prognosis of HCC patient remains poor owing to intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastasis and postsurgical recurrence. The aim of the present study is to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the metastasis of HCC. METHODS HCC patients and treated HCC cells were molecularly characterized by miRNA microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, Western blots, transwell assay, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Here, by employing a miRNAs microarray analysis, we found that miR-491 level was the most significant down-regulation in poorly differentiated HCC tissue compared with well-differentiated HCC tissue. We then selected HepG2 (very low migratory capacity), MHCC97L (low migratory capacity) and MHCC97H (high migratory capacity), as well as HCC tissues with different status to further investigate the effects of miR-491 on the metastasis of HCC. Our data showed that miR-491 levels were inversely correlated with different status of differentiation in HCC tissues and with migratory potential in HCC cell lines. In HepG2 cells, inhibition of miR-491 increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 (MMP-2/9) and the migratory potential; however, in MHCC97H cells, overexpression of miR-491 level decreased the expression of MMP-2/9 and the migratory capacity. Moreover, miR-491 had a positive relationship with E-cadherin level; however, it had a negative relationship with vimentin level both in cell lines and tissue samples of HCC. MiR-491 levels of non-metastasis HCC tissue are higher than that of metastasis HCC tissue. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that miR-491 is involved in metastasis of HCC by blocking EMT and decreasing MMP-9 levels, which may provide a new clue for preventing tumour metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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