1
|
Arai T, Ono S, Takubo K. Squamous Neoplastic Precursor Lesions of the Esophagus. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2024; 53:25-38. [PMID: 38280749 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Clinicopathological and molecular studies have demonstrated that dysplasia is a precancerous and/or neoplastic lesion with malignant potential. Further, it is subclassified into two grades: high-grade and low-grade dysplasia. High-grade dysplasia is a clinically significant lesion requiring resection or ablation. Low-grade dysplasia has a much lower risk of carcinoma; thus, it should be followed by endoscopic surveillance. Because squamous dysplasia may progress to squamous cell carcinoma, periodic endoscopy is useful to detect the lesion in patients with risk factors. Squamous dysplasia is diagnosed histopathologically by evaluating both cytologic and structural changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kaiyo Takubo
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu YJ, Li R, Chen JM, Zhuang XY, Lin N, Wang LP, Zeng BW. Use of Immunohistochemical p53 Mutant-Phenotype in Diagnosis of High-Grade Dysplasia of Esophageal Squamous Epithelia. Dig Dis 2023; 41:685-694. [PMID: 37579733 DOI: 10.1159/000531331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cellular atypia of esophageal squamous epithelial dysplasia has a risk of progressing to cancer that poses great confusion for pathological diagnosis. There is no research on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of esophageal squamous dysplasia by the expression of immunohistochemical (IHC) p53. The study aims to conduct a graded diagnosis of esophageal squamous epithelial hyperplasia by combining p53 expressions and microscopic histomorphological characteristics. METHODS The study was conducted from January 2021 to January 2022 and included a total of 208 cases including 262 specimens with atypical hyperplasia or dysplasia of squamous epithelia discovered by esophageal mucosal biopsy. HE staining was used to grade the epithelial hyperplasia degree, and all cases underwent p53 IHC evaluation. RESULTS Benign lesions: we did not find any p53 IHC mutant-phenotype (0/12 cases) in 12 cases of esophagitis. We found 10 cases (10/80 cases) of p53 IHC mutant-phenotype in 80 cases of low-grade dysplasia, and 158 cases (158/170 cases) of p53 IHC mutant-phenotype of high-grade lesions in 170 cases of high-grade dysplasia and early cancer based on the χ2 test results. We found statistically significant differences in p53 IHC mutant-phenotype between the high-grade squamous epithelial lesions and benign lesions. The sensitivity and specificity of p53 in detecting high-grade squamous epithelial lesions were 92.9% and 89.1%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 94.0%, and the negative predictive value was 87.2%. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that p53 IHC had high sensitivity and specificity in detecting high-grade esophageal squamous epithelial lesions. Therefore, it has potential to be used as a routine item in pathological detection for auxiliary risk stratification of esophageal squamous epithelial lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Juan Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Mu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yu Zhuang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Lin-Pei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Bing-Wei Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wen T, Wang W, Chen X. Recent advances in esophageal squamous cell precancerous conditions: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32192. [PMID: 36550838 PMCID: PMC9771210 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer in many developing countries in Asia and Africa, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 20%. Most cases are diagnosed at an advanced age when there is no effective treatment strategy. Esophageal precancerous conditions have a much better prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of over 90% by endoscopic diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, limitations, contraindications, and lymph node metastasis incompetency of endoscopy. Thus, the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal precancerous lesions remain a significant challenge. Biomarker investigations provide opportunities for target detection and therapy. Additionally, drug development is ongoing. Changes in lifestyle habits, such as diet balance, smoking and alcohol cessation, are beneficial for the prognosis of esophageal precancerous lesions. Collectively, multiple and sequential diagnoses and treatments are essential for curing esophageal precancerous lesions and reducing the incidence and mortality of ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Wen
- Pharmacy Department, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of clinical laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xinran Chen
- Pharmacy Department, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
- * Correspondence: Xinran Chen, Pharmacy Department, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, PR China (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pan W, Wu J, Liu C, He Y, Yang J. Esophageal low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia overlying multiple leiomyomas: A case report and review of the literature. Front Oncol 2022; 12:994005. [PMID: 36387267 PMCID: PMC9659895 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.994005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal leiomyoma is the most common benign submucosal mesenchymal tumor. Esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia includes low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. The coexistence of epithelial lesions and the subepithelial lesion is rare. We recorded a case of esophageal low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) overlying multiple esophageal leiomyomas and followed with a review of the literature. CASE PRESENTATION A 49-year-old female patient came for the treatment of esophageal lesions. The submucosal eminences were observed in the right posterior wall and the left anterior wall of the esophagus by Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Additionally, we noticed the mucosa of the right wall with brown background color and the dilated, tortuous vessels by narrow-band imaging (NBI). Then we ensured that the submucosal lesions originated from the esophageal mucosal muscle by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and enhanced CT. Subsequently, the submucosal eminence of the right posterior wall and the overlying mucosal lesion were removed together by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Postoperative pathological diagnosed esophageal submucosal leiomyoma with focal LGIN. Review EGD showed white scars on the right wall of the upper esophagus three months later, while pathological biopsy showed slight squamous epithelial hyperplasia in the left wall. We decided that the left submucosal lesion can be resected at a selective-time operation, and we continue to follow up as planned. CONCLUSIONS The case of intraepithelial neoplasia overlying the submucosal tumor is rare. Either missed diagnosis or overdiagnosis should be avoided through EGD and pathological biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Junchao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun He
- Department of Pathology, The Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Savant D, Zhang Q, Yang Z. Squamous Neoplasia in the Esophagus. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 145:554-561. [PMID: 32271610 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0058-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Squamous lesions of the esophagus encompass a spectrum of disorders ranging from reactive changes and benign papilloma to squamous dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma, which may pose diagnostic challenges especially in superficial biopsies. OBJECTIVE.— To provide a review on the typical features of squamous neoplasia in the esophagus, with an emphasis on the key diagnostic features as well as differential diagnosis from mimicking lesions. DATA SOURCES.— Data sources include published peer-reviewed literature and personal experiences of the authors. CONCLUSIONS.— Accurate diagnosis of squamous neoplasia requires adherence to established diagnostic criteria, attention to subtle histologic features, and correlation with clinical and imaging findings. In difficult cases, multiple biopsies may be necessary to reach a definitive diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Savant
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Savant, Yang)
| | - Qingzhao Zhang
- The Department of Pathology, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania (Zhang)
| | - Zhaohai Yang
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Savant, Yang)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
BAĞLAN T. Malign Mezotelyoma ile Reaktif Mezotelyal Hiperplazi ayrımında, effüzyon materyallerinde GLUT-1, CD147 ve ProExC’nin tanısal değeri. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.866929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
7
|
Ding L, Song L, Zhao W, Li X, Gao W, Qi Z, Wang J. Predictive value of p16 INK4a, Ki-67 and ProExC immuno-qualitative features in LSIL progression into HSIL. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2457-2466. [PMID: 32256722 PMCID: PMC7086290 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current nested case-control study was conducted to explore the prognostic value of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16INK4a), marker of proliferation Ki-67 (Ki-67) and immunohistochemical cocktail containing antibodies directed against topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) and minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) proteins (ProExC) immuno-qualitative features to predict low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) progression. A total of 92 LSIL patients were followed-up for 2 years, where those with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or persistent LSIL were designated as the case group and those who spontaneously regressed were designated as the control group. The infection status of human papillomavirus (HPV) was evaluated using flow-through hybridization and gene chip, whilst the expression of p16INK4a, Ki-67 and ProExC were tested in LSIL patient biopsies by immunohistochemistry. All data were collected at the beginning of the follow-up and patient outcomes were diagnosed by histopathological examination. To analyze the risk factors for LSIL progression, sensitivity, specificity, positive-negative predictive value (PPV-NPV), positive-negative likelihood ratio (PLR-NLR), Youden's index (YI) and multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed. The expression rates of p16INK4a, Ki-67, and ProExC were found to be higher in the progression group compared with those in the persistence and regression groups. Only p16INK4a expression significantly associated with high-risk HPV infection. With respect to predicting HSIL, p16INK4a staining was the most sensitive but Ki-67 staining was found to be the most specific. YI was the highest (42.1%) for p16INK4a expression in the present study, followed by ProExC (39.5%) and Ki-67 (28.3%). However, the expression of ProExC was found to be an independent risk factor for LSIL progression into HSIL. In conclusion, whilst immunohistochemical staining for p16INK4a, Ki-67, and ProExC can be used to predict HSIL progression, only ProExC expression can be applied an independent risk factor for LSIL progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jintao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gadbail AR, Chaudhary M, Sarode SC, Gondivkar S, Tekade SA, Zade P, Hande A, Sarode GS, Patil S. Ki67, CD105, and α-SMA expression supports the transformation relevant dysplastic features in the atrophic epithelium of oral submucous fibrosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200171. [PMID: 30001387 PMCID: PMC6042727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The grading of oral epithelial dysplasia is not possible in the atrophic epithelium of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Recently, we found that features such as increased basal cell layer hyperplasia, abnormal superficial mitosis, increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, increased nuclear size, and hyperchromasia represent transformation-relevant dysplastic features in the atrophic epithelium of OSMF. The presence of these features can be considered a high-risk feature for patients. However, these findings have not been tested and authenticated using markers relevant to oral carcinogenesis. Method Paraffin-embedded tissues from 30 normal oral mucosa (NOM) and 50 OSMF were retrieved from 2008 to 2016 and subjected to immunohistochemical expression using Ki67, CD105 and α-SMA antibodies. Results Ki67 LI showed significant increases from NOM (12.47±2.34) to LRED (23.47±3.75) to HRED (34.31±7.31) (<0.0001). Similarly, MVD was increased significantly from NOM (3.53±5.17) to LRED (27.57±12.25) to HRED (46.18±12.55) (p<0.0001). The expression of α-SMA was significantly increased from LRED (0.21±0.41) to HRED (1.13±0.56) (<0.0001). The Ki67 LI and α-SMA; MVD and α-SMA; and Ki67Ki67 LI and MVD in NOM, LRED and HRED showed a statistically significant positive correlation (P<0.0001). The increase in Ki67 LI was directly proportional to MVD and α-SMA expression from NOM to LRED to HRED (P<0.0001). The connective tissue stroma of NOM lacks α-SMA expression. Mild myofibroblast expression was noted in 4 cases of LRED (14.28%) and in 18 cases of HRED (81.81%). Moderate expression was noted only in 4 cases of HRED (22.22%). Conclusion Ki67 LI, CD105, and α-SMA expression showed significant differences between normal, LRED and HRED. These findings further support that features such as increased basal cell layer hyperplasia, abnormal superficial mitosis, increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, and hyperchromasia could be transformation-relevant dysplastic features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amol R. Gadbail
- Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Minal Chaudhary
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology & Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin C. Sarode
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology & Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailesh Gondivkar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satyajit A. Tekade
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology & Microbiology, Modern Dental College & Research Centre, Gandhi Nagar, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Prajakta Zade
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology & Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alka Hande
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology & Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gargi S. Sarode
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology & Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Breindel JL, Skibinski A, Sedic M, Wronski-Campos A, Zhou W, Keller PJ, Mills J, Bradner J, Onder T, Kuperwasser C. Epigenetic Reprogramming of Lineage-Committed Human Mammary Epithelial Cells Requires DNMT3A and Loss of DOT1L. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:943-955. [PMID: 28781076 PMCID: PMC5599181 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis and tissue development occur through sequential stepwise processes leading to increased lineage restriction and loss of pluripotency. An exception to this appears in the adult human breast, where rare variant epithelial cells exhibit pluripotency and multilineage differentiation potential when removed from the signals of their native microenvironment. This phenomenon provides a unique opportunity to study mechanisms that lead to cellular reprogramming and lineage plasticity in real time. Here, we show that primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) lose expression of differentiated mammary epithelial markers in a manner dependent on paracrine factors and epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HMEC reprogramming is dependent on gene silencing by the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A and loss of histone transcriptional marks following downregulation of the methyltransferase DOT1L. These results demonstrate that lineage commitment in adult tissues is context dependent and highlight the plasticity of somatic cells when removed from their native tissue microenvironment. vHMECs arise through epigenetic modification of pre-existing human breast cells DNA methylation by DNMT3a is required for vHMEC formation Loss of DOT1L and active histone methylation marks accelerates vHMEC formation Loss of mammary identity requires changes in both DNA and histone methylation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerrica L Breindel
- Department of Developmental, Chemical, and Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Adam Skibinski
- Department of Developmental, Chemical, and Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Maja Sedic
- Department of Developmental, Chemical, and Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Ania Wronski-Campos
- Department of Developmental, Chemical, and Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Department of Developmental, Chemical, and Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Patricia J Keller
- Department of Developmental, Chemical, and Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Joslyn Mills
- Department of Developmental, Chemical, and Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - James Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tamer Onder
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Charlotte Kuperwasser
- Department of Developmental, Chemical, and Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hashimoto H, Kurata A, Kikuchi H, Masuda Y, Fujita K, Okuyama R, Inoue S, Horiuchi H, Kuroda M. L-type amino acid transporter 1 expression in esophageal carcinogenesis according to WHO and Japanese classifications of intraepithelial neoplasia. Pathol Int 2017; 67:247-255. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Kurata
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Tokyo Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kikuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health; Tokyo Medical University
| | - Yoshio Masuda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; NTT Medical Center Tokyo
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Tokyo Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Rikiya Okuyama
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; NTT Medical Center Tokyo
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health; Tokyo Medical University
| | - Hajime Horiuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; NTT Medical Center Tokyo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; NTT Medical Center Tokyo
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Tokyo Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tosuner Z, Türkmen İ, Arici S, Sönmez C, Turna S, Onaran Ö. Immunocytoexpression profile of ProExC in smears interpreted as ASC-US, ASC-H, and cervical intraepithelial lesion. J Cytol 2017; 34:34-38. [PMID: 28182079 PMCID: PMC5259927 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.197605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: We aimed to investigate the immunocytoexpression profiles of a novel assay ProEx C for topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) and minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) in abnormal interpreted smears. Settings and Design: Screening programs with Papanicolaou smear and high risk group human papilloma virus testing have yielded a dramatic reduction of cervical cancer incidence. However, both of these tests have limited specificity for the detection of clinically significant cervical high grade lesions. ProEx C for topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) and minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) has been considered to have tight association with high grade intraepithelial lesions. Materials and Methods: A total number of 54 SurePath cervical cytology specimens of patients previously interpreted as atypical squamous cells–undetermined significance (ASC-US), atypical squamous cells–cannot exclude high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were included in our study. Results and Conclusions: ProEx C was positive in 14 of HSILs (100%), 3 of 19 LSILs (16%), 2 of 4 ASC-Hs, and none of ASC-USs (0%). The ProEx C test showed very intense nuclear staining in all cytologically abnormal cells. Further studies are indicated to evaluate the diagnostic role of ProEx C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Tosuner
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Foundation University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İlknur Türkmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Arici
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Foundation University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cavide Sönmez
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Foundation University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Seval Turna
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Foundation University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Öykü Onaran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Foundation University, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang H, Li H, Ma Q, Yang FY, Diao TY. Predicting malignant transformation of esophageal squamous cell lesions by combined biomarkers in an endoscopic screening program. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8770-8778. [PMID: 27818592 PMCID: PMC5075551 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i39.8770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the association of p53, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 protein expression with esophageal carcinogenesis.
METHODS An iodine staining endoscopic screening program of esophageal lesions was carried out in the high-incidence area of Feicheng County, China. Seventy-seven patients with basal cell hyperplasia (BCH), 247 with low-grade dysplasia (LGD), 51 with high-grade dysplasia (HGD), 134 with invasive cancer, and 80 normal controls diagnosed by mucous membrane biopsy pathology were enrolled. Immunohistochemical detection of p53, CEA and CA19-9 proteins was performed. In the ROC curve analysis, the expression of a single biomarker and the expression of a combination of biomarkers were used to predict the risk of these four esophageal lesions.
RESULTS The positive rates of p53 protein expression in invasive cancer, HGD, LGD, BCH and the normal control groups were 53.0%, 52.9%, 35.6%, 27.3% and 20.0%, respectively; the positive rates of CA19-9 protein expression were 44.0%, 33.3%, 16.5%, 9.2% and 6.2%, respectively; the positive rates of CEA protein expression were 74.6%, 60.8%, 23.3%, 23.7% and 16.2%, respectively. The positive rates of the combined expression of the three biomarkers were 84.3%, 76.5%, 47.6%, 42.9% and 27.5%, respectively. In the receiver operating characteristic curves of the combination of the three biomarkers, the specificity was 88.8% for the normal controls, and the sensitivity was 58.2% for invasive cancer, 25.5% for HGD, 11.2% for LGD, and 6.5% for BCH.
CONCLUSION p53, CEA and CA19-9 protein expression was correlated with esophageal carcinogenesis, and testing for the combination of these biomarkers is useful for identifying high-risk patients with precancerous lesions.
Collapse
|
13
|
Couch G, Redman JE, Wernisch L, Newton R, Malhotra S, Dawsey SM, Lao-Sirieix P, Fitzgerald RC. The Discovery and Validation of Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Esophageal Squamous Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:558-66. [PMID: 27072986 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The 5-year survival rate of esophageal cancer is less than 10% in developing countries, where more than 90% of these cancers are esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). Endoscopic screening is undertaken in high incidence areas. Biomarker analysis could reduce the subjectivity associated with histologic assessment of dysplasia and thus improve diagnostic accuracy. The aims of this study were therefore to identify biomarkers for esophageal squamous dysplasia and carcinoma. A publicly available dataset was used to identify genes with differential expression in ESCC compared with normal esophagus. Each gene was ranked by a support vector machine separation score. Expression profiles were examined, before validation by qPCR and IHC. We found that 800 genes were overexpressed in ESCC compared with normal esophagus (P < 10(-5)). Of the top 50 genes, 33 were expressed in ESCC epithelium and not in normal esophagus epithelium or stroma using the Protein Atlas website. These were taken to qPCR validation, and 20 genes were significantly overexpressed in ESCC compared with normal esophagus (P < 0.05). TNFAIP3 and CHN1 showed differential expression with IHC. TNFAIP3 expression increased gradually through normal esophagus, mild, moderate and severe dysplasia, and SCC (P < 0.0001). CHN1 staining was rarely present in the top third of normal esophagus epithelium and extended progressively towards the surface in mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia, and SCC (P < 0.0001). Two novel promising biomarkers for ESCC were identified, TNFAIP3 and CHN1. CHN1 and TNFAIP3 may improve diagnostic accuracy of screening methods for ESCC. Cancer Prev Res; 9(7); 558-66. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Couch
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James E Redman
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenz Wernisch
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Newton
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shalini Malhotra
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pierre Lao-Sirieix
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Histopathological diagnoses of squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, carcinoma in situ and early invasive cancer of the oesophagus: the Japanese viewpoint. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mpdhp.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
15
|
Jenson EG, Baker M, Paydarfar JA, Gosselin BJ, Li Z, Black CC. MCM2/TOP2A (ProExC) immunohistochemistry as a predictive marker in head and neck mucosal biopsies. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:346-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Li SQ, Li F, Xiao Y, Wang CM, Tuo L, Hu J, Yang XB, Wang JS, Shi WH, Li X, Cao XF. Comparison of long non‑coding RNAs, microRNAs and messenger RNAs involved in initiation and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:652-62. [PMID: 24888564 PMCID: PMC4094766 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, cancer research has focused on protein‑coding genes, which are considered the principal effectors and regulators of tumorigenesis. Non‑coding RNAs, in particular microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been widely reported to be important in the regulation of tumorigenesis and cancer development. However, to the best of our knowledge, investigation of the expression profiles of lncRNAs and a comparison of the involvement of lncRNAs, miRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in esophageal tumorigenesis and development have not previously been performed. In the current study, intrinsic associations among the expression profiles of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs from normal esophageal tissues and those from cancer tissues were investigated. Oligonucleotide microarrays were used to detect the expression profiles of the three types of RNA in the canceration processes of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues. It was demonstrated that the different RNAs exhibit associated patterns of expression among normal esophageal epithelium, low‑grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), high‑grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), and carcinoma tissues, particularly in the critical period of canceration (HGIN to ESCC). Furthermore, the results indicated a high level of similarity in the potential function of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in the processes of ESCC development. In the current study, a first generation atlas of lncRNA profiling and its association with miRNAs and mRNAs in the canceration processes of ESCC were presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Qing Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Hospital and Oncology Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yun Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Mei Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Hospital and Oncology Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Lei Tuo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Hospital and Oncology Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Jing Hu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nanjing Hospital and Oncology Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Song Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nanjing Hospital and Oncology Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hong Shi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Hospital and Oncology Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Feng Cao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Hospital and Oncology Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Luo A, Yu X, Li G, Ma G, Chen H, Ding F, Li Y, Liu Z. Differentiation-associated genes regulated by c-Jun and decreased in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96610. [PMID: 24796531 PMCID: PMC4010476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor c-Jun plays a key role in controlling epithelium cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. However, molecular mechanism and biological functions of c-Jun in squamous differentiation and the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain elusive. In this study, we found that c-Jun bound directly to the promoter region, and activated the transcription of differentiation-associated genes including cystatin A, involucrin and SPRR3 in vivo. Ectopic expression of c-Jun enhanced SPRR3 transactivation in KYSE450 cells. Conversely, TAM67, a dominant negative mutant of c-Jun, inhibited SPRR3 transactivation. c-Jun increased expression of SPPR3 mainly via a PKC/JNK pathway in response to TPA in KYSE450 cells. Furthermore, c-Jun was remarkably reduced in esophageal cancer. Interestingly, cystatin A, involucrin and SPRR3 were significantly downregulated as well, and associated with differentiation grade. Expression of c-Jun was correlated with the expression of these genes in normal epithelium and ESCC. Importantly, the expression of these genes was remarkably decreased during the malignant transformation from normal epithelium to low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN). The expression of cystatin A and involucrin was significantly reduced from LGIN to HGIN. These results suggest c-Jun was involved in the regulation of differentiation-associated genes in ESCC. These genes might serve as the potential markers in distinguishing normal epithelium from esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Luo
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chemical Biology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guichang Li
- Department of Media and Biology Control, Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Ma
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ding
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
γ-Glutamylcyclotransferase as a novel immunohistochemical biomarker for the malignancy of esophageal squamous tumors. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:331-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
19
|
Poljak M, Kocjan BJ, Hošnjak L. Role of human papillomaviruses in esophageal carcinoma: an updated systematic review from 1982 to 2013. Future Virol 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.13.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Tobacco, alcohol and betel quid are known etiological agents of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A meta-analysis in 2012 and a literature update (1982–August 2013) identified 159 studies with a total of 11,310 ESCCs tested for the presence of human papillomaviruses (HPVs). HPV DNA was present in 30.3% of fESCCs, with substantial geographic differences. A recent meta-analysis of 21 case–control studies investigating the HPV–ESCC association showed that HPVs increase the risk of ESCC at least threefold. Vaccine-preventable HPV-16 and HPV-18 are the most commonly identified HPV types in ESCC in both low- and high-incidence settings. HPVs should now be seriously considered as etiological agents for at least a subset of ESCC, and more studies are needed to provide conclusive evidence that HPVs cause ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Poljak
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, Zaloška 4, 1105 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan J Kocjan
- Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lea Hošnjak
- Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Syrjänen K. Geographic origin is a significant determinant of human papillomavirus prevalence in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 45:1-18. [PMID: 22830571 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2012.702281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the first reports in 1982 suggesting an aetiological role for human papillomavirus (HPV) in a subset of oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC), the literature reporting HPV detection in ESCC has expanded rapidly. However no formal meta-analysis of this literature has been published yet. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and formal meta-analysis of the literature reporting HPV detection in ESCC. METHODS MEDLINE and Current Contents were searched through March 2012. The effect size was calculated as event rates and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI), with homogeneity testing using Cochran's Q and I² statistics. Meta-regression was used to test the impact of study-level covariates (HPV detection method, geographic origin of study) on effect size, and potential publication bias was estimated using funnel plot symmetry (Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation, Egger's regression, and Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill method). RESULTS Of the 1177 abstracts found, 152 studies were determined to be eligible for this meta-analysis. These 152 studies covered a total of 10,234 ESCC cases, analysed by different HPV detection methods in different geographic regions. Of these 10,234 cases, 3135 (30.6%) tested HPV-positive, translating to an effect size of 0.372 (95% CI 0.360-0.384; fixed effects model) and 0.290 (95% CI 0.251-0.31; random effects model). When stratified by HPV detection technique, there was a significant heterogeneity between the studies, but importantly, the between-strata summary comparison was not significant (random effects model; p = 0.440). In contrast, there was significant heterogeneity between the studies from the different geographic regions. In the maximum likelihood meta-regression, HPV detection method was not a significant study-level covariate, in contrast to the geographic origin of the study, which had a significant impact (p = 0.00005) on the summary effect size estimates. No evidence for significant publication bias was found in funnel plot symmetry testing. In the sensitivity analysis, all meta-analytic results appeared robust to all (n = 151) one-by-one study removals. CONCLUSIONS These meta-analysis results indicate that the reported wide variability in HPV detection rates in ESCC is not due to the HPV detection techniques, but is explained by the geographic origin of the study. These data substantiate the recently elaborated concept that ESCC might have a different aetiology in low-incidence and high-incidence geographic regions, HPV playing an important role only in the latter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari Syrjänen
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Kakei Y, Akashi M, Komatsubara H, Minamikawa T, Komori T. p16 overexpression in malignant and premalignant lesions of the oral and esophageal mucosa following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. HEAD & NECK ONCOLOGY 2012; 4:38. [PMID: 22726540 PMCID: PMC3448523 DOI: 10.1186/1758-3284-4-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Secondary malignancy in the oral mucosa is recognized as one of the most serious complications in patients who received allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, potential risk factors associated with carcinogenesis after HSCT that have been reported remain elusive. We experienced a rare case of secondary malignancies of the oral and esophageal mucosa and analyzed the expression of tumor suppressor gene product p16. Case report A 35-year-old male had malignant lesions of the oral and esophageal mucosa two years after HSCT. Partial maxillectomy and endoscopic submucosal dissection were performed. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the tumor cells of malignant and premalignant lesions of the oral cavity and esophagus but not keratosis were positive for p16. Conclusions Pathological examinations with p16 immunohistochemistry may contribute to an early diagnosis of secondary malignancy after HSCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Kakei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ferrándiz-Pulido C, de Torres I, García-Patos V. [Penile squamous cell carcinoma]. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2012; 103:478-87. [PMID: 22261674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is uncommon in Europe, where it accounts for approximately 0.7% of all malignant tumors in men. The main risk factors are poor hygiene, lack of circumcision, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and certain chronic inflammatory skin diseases. HPV infection is detected in 70% to 100% of all penile in situ SCCs and in 30% to 50% of invasive forms of the disease, mainly basaloid and warty SCCs. In situ tumors can be treated conservatively, but close monitoring is essential as they become invasive in between 1% and 30% of cases. The treatment of choice for penile SCC is surgery. Inguinal lymph node irradiation is no longer recommended as a prophylactic measure, and it appears that selective lymph node biopsy might be useful for reducing the morbidity associated with prophylactic inguinal lymph node dissection. Survival is directly related to lymph node involvement. Improving our knowledge of underlying molecular changes and their associated genotypes will open up new therapeutic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ferrándiz-Pulido
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, España.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|