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Lv JL, Lai WQ, Gong YQ, Zheng KY, Zhang XY, Wang XY, Dai LS, Li MW. Studying the role of Bombyx mori molybdenum cofactor sulfurase in Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 33:246-258. [PMID: 38323672 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase (MoCoS) is a key gene involved in the uric acid metabolic pathway that activates xanthine dehydrogenase to synthesise uric acid. Uric acid is harmful to mammals but plays crucial roles in insects, one of which is the immune responses. However, the function of Bombyx mori MoCoS in response to BmNPV remains unclear. In this study, BmMoCoS was found to be relatively highly expressed in embryonic development, gonads and the Malpighian tubules. In addition, the expression levels of BmMoCoS were significantly upregulated in three silkworm strains with different levels of resistance after virus infection, suggesting a close link between them. Furthermore, RNAi and overexpression studies showed that BmMoCoS was involved in resistance to BmNPV infection, and its antivirus effects were found to be related to the regulation of uric acid metabolism, which was uncovered by inosine- and febuxostat-coupled RNAi and overexpression. Finally, the BmMoCoS-mediated uric acid pathway was preliminarily confirmed to be a potential target to protect silkworms from BmNPV infection. Overall, this study provides new evidence for elucidating the molecular mechanism of silkworms in response to BmNPV infection and new strategies for the prevention of viral infections in sericulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Qing Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Quan Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai-Yi Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Yang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mu-Wang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Su ZH, Lv JL, Ou Q, Zhao ZQ, Zheng KY, Zhang XY, Lai WQ, Wang XY, Deng MJ, Li MW. Uric acid metabolism promotes apoptosis against Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus in silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:558-574. [PMID: 37209025 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The white epidermis of silkworms is due to the accumulation of uric acid crystals. Abnormal silkworm uric acid metabolism decreases uric acid production, leading to a transparent or translucent phenotype. The oily silkworm op50 is a mutant strain with a highly transparent epidermis derived from the p50 strain. It shows more susceptibility to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection than the wild type; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. This study analysed the changes in 34 metabolites in p50 and op50 at different times following BmNPV infection based on comparative metabolomics. The differential metabolites were mainly clustered in six metabolic pathways. Of these, the uric acid pathway was identified as critical for resistance in silkworms, as feeding with inosine significantly enhanced larval resistance compared to other metabolites and modulated other metabolic pathways. Additionally, the increased level of resistance to BmNPV in inosine-fed silkworms was associated with the regulation of apoptosis, which is mediated by the reactive oxygen species produced during uric acid synthesis. Furthermore, feeding the industrial strain Jingsong (JS) with inosine significantly increased the level of larval resistance to BmNPV, indicating its potential application in controlling the virus in sericulture. These results lay the foundation for clarifying the resistance mechanism of silkworms to BmNPV and provide new strategies and methods for the biological control of pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun-Li Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qi Ou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zi-Qin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kai-Yi Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wen-Qing Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xue-Yang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ming-Jie Deng
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mu-Wang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, China
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3
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Tomihara K, Satta K, Matsuzaki S, Yoshitake K, Yamamoto K, Uchiyama H, Yajima S, Futahashi R, Katsuma S, Osanai-Futahashi M, Kiuchi T. Mutations in a β-group of solute carrier gene are responsible for egg and eye coloration of the brown egg 4 (b-4) mutant in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 137:103624. [PMID: 34333110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The brown egg 4 (b-4) is a recessive mutant in the silkworm (Bombyx mori), whose egg and adult compound eyes exhibit a reddish-brown color instead of normal purple and black, respectively. By double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) analysis, we narrowed down a region linked to the b-4 phenotype to approximately 1.1 Mb that contains 69 predicted gene models. RNA-seq analysis in a b-4 strain indicated that one of the candidate genes had a different transcription start site, which generates a short open reading frame. We also found that exon skipping was induced in the same gene due to an insertion of a transposable element in other two b-4 mutant strains. This gene encoded a putative amino acid transporter that belongs to the β-group of solute carrier (SLC) family and is orthologous to Drosophila eye color mutant gene, mahogany (mah). Accordingly, we named this gene Bmmah. We performed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout targeting Bmmah. Several adult moths in generation 0 (G0) had totally or partially reddish-brown compound eyes. We also established three Bmmah knockout strains, all of which exhibit reddish-brown eggs and adult compound eyes. Furthermore, eggs from complementation crosses between the b-4 mutants and the Bmmah knockout mutants also exhibited reddish-brown color, which was similar to the b-4 mutant eggs, indicating that Bmmah is responsible for the b-4 phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Tomihara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Katsuya Satta
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shohei Matsuzaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo 2-1-1, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Yoshitake
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamamoto
- Insect Genome Research and Engineering Unit, Division of Applied Genetics, Institute of Agrobiological Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Owashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hironobu Uchiyama
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yajima
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Futahashi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Susumu Katsuma
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mizuko Osanai-Futahashi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo 2-1-1, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kiuchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Wang L, Yin Y, Wang K, Cao J, Cheng T, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhu Y. Bombyx mori monocarboxylate transporter 9 (BmMCT9) is involved in the transport of uric acid in silkworm integument. Genes Cells 2019; 25:33-40. [PMID: 31730247 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In Bombyx mori, there are more than 30 mutant strains exhibiting the translucent larval skin resulting from a decrease in the uric acid content in epidermal cell. Of these, the Chinese translucent (oc) mutant presents a moderately translucent larval skin. Previously, we narrowed the region linked to the oc phenotype to approximately 234 kb by positional cloning, and found that BmMCT9 was severely suppressed in the mutant. Here, we analyzed the mutation and potential molecular function of BmMCT9. Sequence analysis showed that a 2,624-bp fragment of BmMCT9 promoter region was replaced by a 22-bp sequence in the mutant. Luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that BmMCT9 promoter activity in the mutant was significantly lower than that in the wild type. Knockdown of BmMCT9 caused a translucent phenotype in the first-instar silkworm larvae. Immunoblotting analysis showed that BmMCT9 expression was severely reduced in the mutant than in the wild type, and immunofluorescence showed that BmMCT9 existed mainly within the cytoplasm of epidermal cells. Together, our results suggest that reduced levels of BmMCT9 were responsible for the translucent phenotype of oc mutant, and that BmMCT9 might function in intracellular vesicles facing the cytoplasm including urate granules in silkworm integument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaru Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingcai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Wang L, Dong Z, Wang J, Yin Y, Liu H, Hu W, Peng Z, Liu C, Li M, Banno Y, Shimada T, Xia Q, Zhao P. Proteomic Analysis of Larval Integument in a Dominant Obese Translucent (Obs) Silkworm Mutant. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:5168485. [PMID: 30412263 PMCID: PMC6225826 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The dominant obese translucent (Obs) mutant of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) results in a short and stout larval body, translucent phenotype, and abnormal pigmentation in the integument. The Obs mutant also displays deficiency in ecdysis and metamorphosis. In the present study, to gain an understanding of multiple Obs phenotypes, we investigated the phenotypes of Obs and performed a comparative analysis of the larval integument proteomes of Obs and normal silkworms. The phenotypic analysis revealed that the Obs larvae were indeed short and fat, and that chitin and uric acid content were lower but melanin content was higher in the Obs mutant. Proteomic analysis revealed that 244 proteins were significantly differentially expressed between Obs and normal silkworms, some of which were involved in uric acid metabolism and melanin pigmentation. Twenty-six proteins were annotated as cuticular proteins, including RR motif-rich cuticular proteins (CPR), glycine-rich cuticular protein (CPG), hypothetical cuticular protein (CPH), cuticular protein analogous to peritrophins (CPAPs), and the chitin_bind_3 motif proteins, and accounted for over 84% of the abundance of the total significantly differentially expressed proteins. Moreover, 22 of the 26 cuticular proteins were downregulated in the Obs mutant. Comparative proteomic analysis suggested that the multiple phenotypes of the Obs mutant might be related to changes in the expression of proteins that participate in cuticular formation, uric acid metabolism, and melanin pigmentation. These results could lay a basis for further identification of the gene responsible for the Obs mutant. The data have been deposited to ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaoming Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaru Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhangchuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Muwang Li
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yutaka Banno
- Institute of Genetic Resources, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Shimada
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, China
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6
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Zhang H, Kiuchi T, Hirayama C, Banno Y, Katsuma S, Shimada T. A reexamination on the deficiency of riboflavin accumulation in Malpighian tubules in larval translucent mutants of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Genetica 2018; 146:425-431. [PMID: 30094710 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-018-0034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A variety of insects accumulate high contents of riboflavin (vitamin B2) in their Malpighian tubules (MTs). Although this process is known to be genetically controlled, the mechanism is not known. In the 1940s and the 1950s, several studies showed that riboflavin contents were low in the MTs of some Bombyx mori (silkworm) mutants with translucent larval skin mutations (e.g., w-3, od, oa, and otm) and that genes responsible for these translucent mutations also affected riboflavin accumulation in the MTs. Since the 2000s, it has been shown that the w-3 gene encodes an ABC transporter, whereas genes responsible for od, oa, and otm mutations encode for the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles. These findings suggest that some genes of ABC transporters and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles may control the accumulation of riboflavin in MTs. Therefore, we reexamined the effects that translucent mutations have on the accumulation of riboflavin in MTs by using the translucent and wild-type segregants in mutant strains to measure the specific effect that each gene has on riboflavin accumulation (independent of genomic background). We used nine translucent mutations (w-3oe, oa, od, otm, Obs, oy, or, oh, and obt) even though the genes responsible for some of these mutations (Obs, oy, or, oh, and obt) have not yet been isolated. Through observation of larval MTs and measurements of riboflavin content using high-performance liquid chromatography, we found that the oa, od, otm, and or mutations were responsible for low contents of riboflavin in MTs, whereas the Obs and oy mutations did not affect riboflavin accumulation. This indicates that the molecular mechanism for riboflavin accumulation is similar but somewhat different than the mechanism responsible for uric acid accumulation in epidermal cells. We found that the genes responsible for oa, od, and otm mutations were consistent with those already established for uric acid accumulation in larval epidermis. This suggests that these three genes control riboflavin accumulation in MTs through a mechanism similar to that of uric acid accumulation, although we do not yet know why the or mutation also controls riboflavin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokun Zhang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Takashi Kiuchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Chikara Hirayama
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Yutaka Banno
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Susumu Katsuma
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Toru Shimada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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7
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Fujii T, Yamamoto K, Banno Y. Translucent larval integument and flaccid paralysis caused by genome editing in a gene governing molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 99:11-16. [PMID: 29803701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Translucency of the larval integument in Bombyx mori is caused by a lack of uric acid in the epidermis. Hime'nichi translucent (ohi) is a unique mutation causing intermediate translucency of the larval integument and male-specific flaccid paralysis. To determine the gene associated with the ohi mutation, the ohi locus was mapped to a 400-kb region containing 29 predicted genes. Among the genes in this region, we focused on Bombyx homolog of mammalian Gephyrin (BmGphn), which regulates molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) biosynthesis, because MoCo is indispensable for the activity of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), a key enzyme in uric acid biosynthesis. The translucent integument of ohi larvae turned opaque after injection of bovine xanthine oxidase, which is a mammalian equivalent to XDH, indicating that XDH activity is defective in ohi larvae. RT-PCR and sequencing analysis showed that (i) in ohi larvae, expression of the BmGphn gene was repressed in the fat body where uric acid is synthesized, and (ii) there was no amino acid substitution in the ohi mutant allele. Finally, we obtained BmGphn knockout alleles (hereafter denoted as BmGphnΔ) by using CRISPR/Cas9. The resulting ohi/BmGphnΔ larvae had translucent integuments, demonstrating that BmGphn is the gene responsible for the ohi phenotype. Our results show that repressed expression of BmGphn is a causative factor for the defective MoCo biosynthesis and XDH activity observed in ohi larvae. Interestingly, all male BmGphnΔ homozygotes died before pupation and showed a flaccid paralysis phenotype. The genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying this flaccid paralysis phenotype are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguru Fujii
- Laboratory of Silkworm Genetic Resources, Institute of Genetic Resources, Graduate School of Bio Resources and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Silkworm Genetic Resources, Institute of Genetic Resources, Graduate School of Bio Resources and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yutaka Banno
- Laboratory of Silkworm Genetic Resources, Institute of Genetic Resources, Graduate School of Bio Resources and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
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8
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Bm-muted , orthologous to mouse muted and encoding a subunit of the BLOC-1 complex, is responsible for the otm translucent mutation of the silkworm Bombyx mori. Gene 2017; 629:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Xia J, Yang Z, Gong C, Xie W, Pan H, Guo Z, Zheng H, Yang X, Sun X, Kang S, Yang F, Wu Q, Wang S, Cong B, Teng X, Zhang Y. Genome-wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Amino Acid Transporters in the Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:735-747. [PMID: 28655999 PMCID: PMC5485629 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.18153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a cosmopolitan and devastating pest of agricultural crops and ornamentals. B. tabaci causes extensive damage by feeding on phloem and by transmitting plant viruses. Like many other organisms, insects depend on amino acid transporters (AATs) to transport amino acids into and out of its cells. We present a genome-wide and transcriptome-wide investigation of the following two families of AATs in B. tabaci biotype B: amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) and amino acid/polyamine/organocation (APC). A total of 14 putative APCs and 25 putative AAAPs were identified, and a 10-paralog B. tabaci-specific expansion of AAAPs was found by maximum likelihood phylogeny. Detailed gene structure information revealed that 9 members of the B. tabaci-specific AAAP family expansion closely situated on a same scaffold. Expression profiling of the B. tabaci B APC and AAAP genes as affected by stage and plant host showed diverse expression patterns. The analysis of evolutionary rates indicated that purifying selection can explain the B. tabaci-specific AAAP expansion. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated suppression of two AAAP genes (BtAAAP15 and BtAAAP21) significantly increased the mortality of B. tabaci B adults. The results provide a foundation for future functional analysis of APC and AAAP genes in B. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China.,Department of Biocontrol, Institute of Plant Protection, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150080 China.,Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Zezhong Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China.,College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 41000 China
| | - Cheng Gong
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Huipeng Pan
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Zhaojiang Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Huixin Zheng
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China.,College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 41000 China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Shi Kang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Fengshan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Bin Cong
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Xianfeng Teng
- Department of Biocontrol, Institute of Plant Protection, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150080 China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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10
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Sun Y, Huang S, Wang S, Guo D, Ge C, Xiao H, Jie W, Yang Q, Teng X, Li F. Large-scale identification of differentially expressed genes during pupa development reveals solute carrier gene is essential for pupal pigmentation in Chilo suppressalis. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 98:117-125. [PMID: 28041944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Insects undergo metamorphosis, involving an abrupt change in body structure through cell growth and differentiation. Rice stem stripped borer (SSB), Chilo suppressalis, is one of the most destructive rice pests. However, little is known about the regulation mechanism of metamorphosis development in this notorious insect pest. Here, we studied the expression of 22,197 SSB genes at seven time points during pupa development with a customized microarray, identifying 622 differentially expressed genes (DEG) during pupa development. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of these DEGs indicated that the genes related to substance metabolism were highly expressed in the early pupa, which participate in the physiological processes of larval tissue disintegration at these stages. In comparison, highly expressed genes in the late pupal stages were mainly associated with substance biosynthesis, consistent with adult organ formation at these stages. There were 27 solute carrier (SLC) genes that were highly expressed during pupa development. We knocked down SLC22A3 at the prepupal stage, demonstrating that silencing SLC22A3 induced a deficiency in pupa stiffness and pigmentation. The RNAi-treated individuals had white and soft pupa, suggesting that this gene has an essential role in pupal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuijin Huang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Shuping Wang
- Technical Centre for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Dianhao Guo
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chang Ge
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huamei Xiao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wencai Jie
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiupu Yang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaolu Teng
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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11
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Fujii T, Yamamoto K, Banno Y. Molybdenum cofactor deficiency causes translucent integument, male-biased lethality, and flaccid paralysis in the silkworm Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 73:20-26. [PMID: 27041280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid accumulates in the epidermis of Bombyx mori larvae and renders the larval integument opaque and white. Yamamoto translucent (oya) is a novel spontaneous mutant with a translucent larval integument and unique phenotypic characteristics, such as male-biased lethality and flaccid larval paralysis. Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) that requires a molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) for its activity is a key enzyme for uric acid synthesis. It has been observed that injection of a bovine xanthine oxidase, which corresponds functionally to XDH and contains its own MoCo activity, changes the integuments of oya mutants from translucent to opaque and white. This finding suggests that XDH/MoCo activity might be defective in oya mutants. Our linkage analysis identified an association between the oya locus and chromosome 23. Because XDH is not linked to chromosome 23 in B. mori, MoCo appears to be defective in oya mutants. In eukaryotes, MoCo is synthesized by a conserved biosynthesis pathway governed by four loci (MOCS1, MOCS2, MOCS3, and GEPH). Through a candidate gene approach followed by sequence analysis, a 6-bp deletion was detected in an exon of the B. mori molybdenum cofactor synthesis-step 1 gene (BmMOCS1) in the oya strain. Moreover, recombination was not observed between the oya and BmMOCS1 loci. These results indicate that the BmMOCS1 locus is responsible for the oya locus. Finally, we discuss the potential cause of male-biased lethality and flaccid paralysis observed in the oya mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguru Fujii
- Laboratory of Silkworm Genetic Resources, Institute of Genetic Resources, Graduate School of Bio Resources and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamamoto
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan
| | - Yutaka Banno
- Laboratory of Silkworm Genetic Resources, Institute of Genetic Resources, Graduate School of Bio Resources and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Tabunoki H, Bono H, Ito K, Yokoyama T. Can the silkworm ( Bombyx mori) be used as a human disease model? Drug Discov Ther 2016; 10:3-8. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2016.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Tabunoki
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo university of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Hidemasa Bono
- Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS), Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS)
| | - Katsuhiko Ito
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo university of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Takeshi Yokoyama
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo university of Agriculture and Technology
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13
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Fujii T, Abe H, Kawamoto M, Banno Y, Shimada T. Positional cloning of the sex-linked giant egg (Ge) locus in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 24:213-221. [PMID: 25469867 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The giant egg (Ge) locus is a Z-linked mutation that leads to the production of large eggs. Cytological observations suggest that an unusual translocation of a large fragment of the W chromosome bearing a putative egg size-determining gene, Esd, gave rise to giant egg mutants. However, there is currently no molecular evidence confirming either a W-Z translocation or the presence of Esd on the W chromosome. To elucidate the origin of giant egg mutants, we performed positional cloning. We observed that the Bombyx mori. orthologue of the human Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase domain containing 1 gene (PHYHD1) is disrupted in giant egg mutants. PHYHD1 is highly conserved in eukaryotes and is predicted to be a Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase. Exon skipping in one of the two available Ge mutants is probably caused by the insertion of a non-long terminal repeat transposon into intron 4 in the vicinity of the 5' splice site. Segmental duplication in Ge(2) , an independent allele, was caused by unequal recombination between short interspersed elements inserted into introns 3 and 5. Our results indicate that (1) Bombyx PHYHD1 is responsible for the Ge mutants and that (2) the Ge locus is unrelated to the W-linked putative Esd. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the phenotypic defects caused by mutations in PHYHD1 orthologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujii
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Nie H, Liu C, Cheng T, Li Q, Wu Y, Zhou M, Zhang Y, Xia Q. Transcriptome analysis of integument differentially expressed genes in the pigment mutant (quail) during molting of silkworm, Bombyx mori. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94185. [PMID: 24718369 PMCID: PMC3981777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the silkworm Bombyx mori, pigment mutants with diverse body colors have been maintained throughout domestication for about 5000 years. The silkworm larval body color is formed through the mutual interaction of melanin, ommochromes, pteridines and uric acid. These pigments/compounds are synthesized by the cooperative action of various genes and enzymes. Previous reports showed that melanin, ommochrome and pteridine are increased in silkworm quail (q) mutants. To understand the pigment increase and alterations in pigment synthesis in q mutant, transcriptome profiles of the silkworm integument were investigated at 16 h after head capsule slippage in the fourth molt in q mutants and wild-type (Dazao). Compared to the wild-type, 1161 genes were differentially expressed in the q mutant. Of these modulated genes, 62.4% (725 genes) were upregulated and 37.6% (436 genes) were downregulated in the q mutant. The molecular function of differently expressed genes was analyzed by Blast2GO. The results showed that upregulated genes were mainly involved in protein binding, small molecule binding, transferase activity, nucleic acid binding, specific DNA-binding transcription factor activity and chromatin binding, while exclusively down-expressed genes functioned in oxidoreductase activity, cofactor binding, tetrapyrrole binding, peroxidase activity and pigment binding. We focused on genes related to melanin, pteridine and ommochrome biosynthesis; transport of uric acid; and juvenile hormone metabolism because of their importance in integument coloration during molting. This study identified differently expressed genes implicated in silkworm integument formation and pigmentation using silkworm q mutant. The results estimated the number and types of genes that drive new integument formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing, China; the Key Sericultural Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing, China; the Key Sericultural Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingcai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing, China; the Key Sericultural Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing, China; the Key Sericultural Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing, China; the Key Sericultural Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing, China; the Key Sericultural Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing, China; the Key Sericultural Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing, China; the Key Sericultural Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Tabunoki H, Ono H, Ode H, Ishikawa K, Kawana N, Banno Y, Shimada T, Nakamura Y, Yamamoto K, Satoh JI, Bono H. Identification of key uric acid synthesis pathway in a unique mutant silkworm Bombyx mori model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69130. [PMID: 23894418 PMCID: PMC3722175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma uric acid (UA) levels decrease following clinical progression and stage development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying decreases in plasma UA levels remain unclear, and the potential to apply mutagenesis to a PD model has not previously been discovered. We identified a unique mutant of the silkworm Bombyx mori (B.mori) op. Initially, we investigated the causality of the phenotypic “op” by microarray analysis using our constructed KAIKO functional annotation pipeline. Consequently, we found a novel UA synthesis-modulating pathway, from DJ-1 to xanthine oxidase, and established methods for large-scale analysis of gene expression in B. mori. We found that the mRNA levels of genes in this pathway were significantly lower in B. mori op mutants, indicating that downstream events in the signal transduction cascade might be prevented. Additionally, levels of B.mori tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DJ-1 mRNA were significantly lower in the brain of B. mori op mutants. UA content was significantly lower in the B. mori op mutant tissues and hemolymph. The possibility that the B. mori op mutant might be due to loss of DJ-1 function was supported by the observed vulnerability to oxidative stress. These results suggest that UA synthesis, transport, elimination and accumulation are decreased by environmental oxidative stress in the B. mori op mutant. In the case of B. mori op mutants, the relatively low availability of UA appears to be due both to the oxidation of DJ-1 and to its expenditure to mitigate the effects of environmental oxidative stress. Our findings are expected to provide information needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of decreased plasma UA levels in the clinical stage progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Tabunoki
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (HT); (HB)
| | - Hiromasa Ono
- Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS), Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ode
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ishikawa
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Kawana
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Banno
- The Center of Genetic Resources, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Shimada
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Insect Genome Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamamoto
- Insect Genome Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Satoh
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Bono
- Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS), Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (HT); (HB)
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16
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Wang L, Kiuchi T, Fujii T, Daimon T, Li M, Banno Y, Kikuta S, Kikawada T, Katsuma S, Shimada T. Mutation of a novel ABC transporter gene is responsible for the failure to incorporate uric acid in the epidermis of ok mutants of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 43:562-571. [PMID: 23567590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ok mutants of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, exhibit highly translucent larval skin resulting from the inability to incorporate uric acid into the epidermal cells. Here we report the identification of a gene responsible for the ok mutation using positional cloning and RNAi experiments. In two independent ok mutant strains, we found a 49-bp deletion and a 233-bp duplication, respectively, in mRNAs of a novel gene, Bm-ok, which encodes a half-type ABC transporter, each of which results in translation of a truncated protein in each mutant. Although the Bm-ok sequence was homologous to well-known transporter genes, white, scarlet, and brown in Drosophila, the discovery of novel orthologs in the genomes of lepidopteran, hymenopteran, and hemipteran insects identifies it as a member of a new distinct subfamily of transporters. Embryonic RNAi of Bm-ok demonstrated that repression of Bm-ok causes a translucent phenotype in the first-instar silkworm larva. We discuss the possibility that Bm-ok forms a heterodimer with another half-type ABC transporter, Bmwh3, and acts as a uric acid transporter in the silkworm epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wang
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Zhou Y, Gao L, Shi H, Xia H, Gao L, Lian C, Chen L, Yao Q, Chen K, Liu X. Microarray analysis of gene expression profile in resistant and susceptible Bombyx mori strains reveals resistance-related genes to nucleopolyhedrovirus. Genomics 2013; 101:256-62. [PMID: 23434630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the molecular mechanism of silkworm resistance to BmNPV infection, we constructed a near-isogenic line (BC8) with BmNPV resistance using highly resistant (NB) and highly susceptible parental strains (306). We investigated variations in the gene expression in the midguts of BmNPV-infected BC8 and 306 at 12 h pi using the microarray. 92 differentially expressed genes were identified. Real-time qPCR analysis confirmed that 10 genes were significantly up-regulated or down-regulated in the midguts of BC8 and NB compared to 306. To our knowledge, we first defined the role of the amino acid transporter and 26S proteasome in insect antiviral. However, serine protease was not completely consistent with data of reported previously in insect antiviral. The role of the 5 genes (Bm123, Bm122, COP β', aquaporin, glycoside hydrolases) was also demonstrated in insect antiviral. Our results provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of the Bombyx mori immune response against BmNPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, China
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18
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Wang L, Kiuchi T, Fujii T, Daimon T, Li M, Banno Y, Katsuma S, Shimada T. Reduced expression of the dysbindin-like gene in the Bombyx mori ov mutant exhibiting mottled translucency of the larval skin. Genome 2013; 56:101-8. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2012-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ov (mottled translucent of Var) mutant, an oily mutant of Bombyx mori, exhibits mottled translucent skin with a varying degree of transparency among individuals. By linkage analysis of 2112 backcross individuals using polymorphic DNA markers, we successfully mapped a 179-kb region of chromosome 20 responsible for the ov phenotype. This region contains nine predicted genes. We compared the mRNA expression of these nine genes between the wild type and mutants and found that the expression of one of them, Bmdysb, was strikingly decreased in the epidermis of ov as well as its allelomorph, ovp. Moreover, its expression level was well correlated with the degree of transparency among individuals. Bmdysb was homologous to DTNBP1 encoding human dysbindin, a subunit of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1. Our results suggest that the translucent skin may be due to repression of Bmdysb in the ov mutants and that Bmdysb plays an important role in the formation and accumulation of urate granules in the silkworm epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wang
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kiuchi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuguru Fujii
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Daimon
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muwang Li
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Banno
- Institute of Genetic Resources, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Susumu Katsuma
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Shimada
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Fujii T, Banno Y, Abe H, Katsuma S, Shimada T. A homolog of the human Hermansky–Pudluck syndrome-5 (HPS5) gene is responsible for the oa larval translucent mutants in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Genetica 2012; 140:463-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-012-9694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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