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Xin J, Wang T, Hou B, Lu X, Han N, He Y, Zhang D, Wang X, Wei C, Jia Z. Tongxinluo capsule as a multi-functional traditional Chinese medicine in treating cardiovascular disease: A review of components, pharmacological mechanisms, and clinical applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33309. [PMID: 39040283 PMCID: PMC11261786 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most significant diseases that pose a threat to human health. The innovative traditional Chinese medicine Tongxinluo Capsule, developed under the guidance of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, has good clinical efficacy in various cardiovascular diseases, this medicine has effects such as blood protection, vascular protection, myocardial protection, stabilizing vulnerable plaques, and vasodilation. However, CVDs are a multifactorial disease, and their underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of action and clinical application of Tongxinluo Capsule in the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases is beneficial for exerting its therapeutic effect from multiple components, targets, and pathways. At the same time, it provides broader treatment ideas for other difficult to treat diseases in the cardiovascular event chain, and has significant theoretical and clinical significance for improving the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xin
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Tongxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Bin Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Ningxin Han
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Yanling He
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Cong Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Affiliated Yiling Hospital of Hebei Medical University, High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China
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Siddiqui SA, Li C, Aidoo OF, Fernando I, Haddad MA, Pereira JA, Blinov A, Golik A, Câmara JS. Unravelling the potential of insects for medicinal purposes - A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15938. [PMID: 37206028 PMCID: PMC10189416 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomotherapy, the use of insects for medicinal purposes, has been practised for centuries in many countries around the world. More than 2100 edible insect species are eaten by humans, but little is known about the possibility of using these insects as a promising alternative to traditional pharmaceuticals for treating diseases. This review offers a fundamental understanding of the therapeutic applications of insects and how they might be used in medicine. In this review, 235 insect species from 15 orders are reported to be used as medicine. Hymenoptera contains the largest medicinal insect species, followed by Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, and Blattodea. Scientists have examined and validated the potential uses of insects along with their products and by-products in treating various diseases, and records show that they are primarily used to treat digestive and skin disorders. Insects are known to be rich sources of bioactive compounds, explaining their therapeutic features such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and so on. Challenges associated with the consumption of insects (entomophagy) and their therapeutic uses include regulation barriers and consumer acceptance. Moreover, the overexploitation of medicinal insects in their natural habitat has led to a population crisis, thus necessitating the investigation and development of their mass-rearing procedure. Lastly, this review suggests potential directions for developing insects used in medicine and offers advice for scientists interested in entomotherapy. In future, entomotherapy may become a sustainable and cost-effective solution for treating various ailments and has the potential to revolutionize modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610 D-Quakenbrück, Germany
- Corresponding author. Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
| | - Chujun Li
- Guangzhou Unique Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 510663, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Owusu Fordjour Aidoo
- Department of Biological, Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, 00233, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Ito Fernando
- Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Moawiya A. Haddad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, 19117, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Jorge A.M. Pereira
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Andrey Blinov
- North Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina Street 1, 355009, Stavropol, Russia
| | - Andrey Golik
- North Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina Street 1, 355009, Stavropol, Russia
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Corresponding author. CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
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Zhang E, Ji X, Ouyang F, Lei Y, Deng S, Rong H, Deng X, Shen H. A minireview of the medicinal and edible insects from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1125600. [PMID: 37007003 PMCID: PMC10060509 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1125600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomoceuticals define a subset of pharmaceuticals derived from insects. The therapeutic effect of insect-derived drugs has been empirically validated by the direct use of various folk medicines originating from three sources in particular: the glandular secretions of insects (e.g., silk, honey, venom), the body parts of the insect or the whole used live or by various processing (e.g., cooked, toasted, ground), and active ingredients extracted from insects or insect-microbe symbiosis. Insects have been widely exploited in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) relative to other ethnomedicines, especially in the prospect of insect species for medicinal uses. It is noticeable that most of these entomoceuticals are also exploited as health food for improving immune function. In addition, some edible insects are rich in animal protein and have high nutritional value, which are used in the food field, such as insect wine, health supplements and so on. In this review, we focused on 12 insect species that have been widely used in traditional Chinese herbal formulae but have remained less investigated for their biological properties in previous studies. We also combined the entomoceutical knowledge with recent advances in insect omics. This review specifies the underexplored medicinal insects from ethnomedicine and shows their specific medicinal and nutritional roles in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enming Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Physical Therapy, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ji
- School of Sports Medicine and Physical Therapy, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ouyang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Lei
- College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shun Deng
- Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Shun Deng, ; Haibo Rong,
| | - Haibo Rong
- Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Shun Deng, ; Haibo Rong,
| | - Xuangen Deng
- Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Shen
- Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Petraglia T, Latronico T, Liuzzi GM, Fanigliulo A, Crescenzi A, Rossano R. Edible Mushrooms as Source of Fibrin(ogen)olytic Enzymes: Comparison between Four Cultivated Species. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238145. [PMID: 36500238 PMCID: PMC9738689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the main cause of death. A common feature of cardiovascular disease is thrombosis resulting from intravascular accumulation of fibrin. In the last years, several fibrinolytic enzymes have been discovered in many medicinal or edible mushrooms as potential new antithrombotic agents. This study aimed to compare the fibrin(ogen)olytic activity of crude extracts from the fruiting bodies of four cultivated edible mushrooms: Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, and Agrocybe aegerita. Fibrin(ogen)olytic activity was assessed by fibrin plate, spectrophotometric assay and electrophoretic analysis (SDS-PAGE and zymography). The highest activity was detected for P. ostreatus followed by P. eryngii, L. edodes and A. aegerita. Results indicated that enzymes exhibited maximum activity at pH 6-7 and 30-40 °C, respectively. Enzyme activity was inhibited by serine and metalloprotease inhibitors. We proposed a new index called the Specific Fibrin(ogen)olytic Index (SFI), which allows specification of the proportion of the total proteolytic capacity due to the fibrin(ogen)olytic activity. These data suggest that the extracts from fruiting bodies or powdered mushrooms can be used as functional ingredients for the development of new functional foods that may act as thrombolytic agents responding, at the same time, to the increasing demand for safe, healthy and sustainable food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Petraglia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.L.); (R.R.)
| | - Angela Fanigliulo
- Bioagritest Srl—Centro Interregionale di Diagnosi Vegetale, 85010 Pignola, Italy
| | - Aniello Crescenzi
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.L.); (R.R.)
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Fu X, Shao BH, Wei X, Wang HH, Chen X, Zhao TT, Wang CM. Tubiechong:A review on ethnomedicinal uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115642. [PMID: 35973633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tubiechong comprises mainly Eupolyphaga and Steleophaga is widely distributed in China. It has been used in the traditional medicine systems in Asian countries specially in China,Japan and Singapore for thousand years. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this work is to review the scientific work about Tubiechong regarding their ethnomedicinal uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant literature of Tubiechong was collected for its traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and bioactive compounds released from inception until May 2022. The online databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, SciFinder Scholar, Springer Link, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and VIP database were used as electronic search engines for articles with the various specific keywords. Additionally, references from ancient texts and local information such as PhD and MSc theses, books, and Chinese journals were also included. RESULTS The clinical researches have revealed that Tubiechong alone has been successfully used to treat bone disease, ache, sprain, herpes zoster, paronychia and so on. Tubichong's main clinical application is to form formulations with other herbs. The most widely used 34 kinds of Chinese patent medicine containing Tubiechong were included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) for the treatment of traumatic injury, low back pain, cardiovascular disease, tumors or mass and nodule, cervical spondylopathy, osteoarthritis and psoriasis. Its other derived formulas have been used in the clinical treatment of various diseases, such as blood stasis, hepatic cirrhosis, cyclomastopathy, chronic active hepatitis, nephropathy, gynaecopathia, cancer diseases. To date, the bioactive substances reported are limited to protein and peptides, fatty acids, polysaccharides and alkaloids from Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker. So far, the pharmacological activities of Tubiechong and its various extracts have been evaluated, including anticoagulant and antithrombotic, anticancer, bone repair, immunomodulation, analgesia, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, antimicrobial and protective and repair functions for damage to the liver, heart, brain and skin. As an edible insect, its safety has also been confirmed by acute toxicity tests and 30-day feeding trials. CONCLUSION Tubiechong is an important insect medicine with the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years for the treatment of trauma and abdominal lumps, and has now been clinically extended to the treatment of a variety of diseases. Its multiple pharmacological activities indicate that it has great potential for development and application. However, its chemical constituents with pharmacological activity require further excavation and detailed study. In addition, the in-depth molecular pharmacological mechanisms deserve further explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fu
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Bing-Hao Shao
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xue Wei
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Hui-Hui Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Tian-Tian Zhao
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Chun-Mei Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Efficacy and Safety of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in Silicosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4354054. [PMID: 34840587 PMCID: PMC8616670 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4354054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background There is no effective therapy for silicosis, and Dahuang Zhechong pill (DHZCP), an ancient Chinese medicine prescription, may have a therapeutic effect on silicosis. This study aims to verify the efficacy and safety of DHZCP in silicosis. Methods This is a randomized controlled clinical trial done at Panzhihua Second People's Hospital (Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province, China). Participants diagnosed with silicosis were recruited and randomized to the conventional treatment group (CG) or DHZCP combined with the conventional treatment group (DG). Forced vital capacity % predicted (FVC%), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide % predicted (DLCO%), six-minute walk distance (6MWD), peripheral oxygen (SpO2), King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease Questionnaire (K-BILD), and safety outcomes were measured at baseline and 9 weeks. Results Fifty-six participants (28 in each group) completed the study, and 53 of them (26 in DG and 27 in CG) completed pulmonary function. At 9 weeks, compared with no DHZCP, DHZCP treatment was associated with significant improvements in FVC% (mean ± SD, 95%CI) (8.2 ± 3.9, 0.3 to 16.0), DLCO% (8.6 ± 3.5, 1.5 to 15.7), SpO2 (3.8 ± 0.7, 2.3 to 5.2), and K-BILD total score (6.0 ± 2.3, 1.4 to 10.7). And, there were no statistical differences of safety outcomes between the two groups. Eight patients accepting DHZCP developed mild diarrhea during the first week, which subsequently resolved on its own. Conclusion DHZCP could improve the pulmonary function, the quality of life, and the exercise capacity of silicosis patients.
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Liu H, Yan Y, Zhang F, Wu Q. The Immuno-Enhancement Effects of Tubiechong (Eupolyphaga sinensis) Lyophilized Powder in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:844-859. [PMID: 30917711 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1588291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tubiechong (Eupolyphaga sinensis) is an important material used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the immunoregulation effects of E. sinensis Lyophilized Powder (ESL) are unclear. The in vivo study thus designed to elucidate the immuno-enhancement effects of ESL in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). Mice were treated with three doses of ESL (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg). Compared with model group, ESL notably increased the immune organ index, mononuclear macrophages function and the level of nature killer cell (NK) (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was also improved (p < 0.05). The level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were enhanced (p < 0.05), while malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and nitrogen monoxide (NO) were reduced (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Meanwhile, cluster determinant (CD)3+ T cell, CD4+ T cell and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were increased (p < 0.01). The cytokines secretion such as interleukin (IL)-2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were notably increased (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), and IL-6 and IL-16 were also enhanced (p < 0.05). Furthermore, ESL significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), up-regulated the B cell lymphoma-2 protein (Bcl-2) expression and decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in spleen tissues (p < 0.05). In brief, all these findings suggest that ESL could effectively improve immune functions via modulating oxidative systems and innate immune cells. Abbreviations: TCM: Traditional Chinese Medicine; ESL: Eupolyphaga sinensis Lyophilized Powder; CCl4: Carbon tetrachloride; ERK: Extracellular regulated protein kinases; CTX: Cyclophosphamide; DTH: Delayed type hypersensitivity; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; CAT: Catalase; MDA: Malonyldialdehyde; NO: Nitrogen monoxide; NK: Nature killer cell; CD: Cluster determinant interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; Bax: Bcl-2 associated X protein; Bcl-2: B cell lymphoma-2 protein; Th1: Type-1 helper; Th2: Type-2 helper; FAMEs: Fatty acid methyl esters; DNFB: 2,4 - Dinitrofluorobenzene; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay; MAPK: Mitogen activated protein kinase; Cyt-c: Cytochrome c; SCFAs: Short-chain fatty acids; SDS-PAGE: Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yunliang Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Qiaofeng Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
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Tang PA, Wu HJ, Xue H, Ju XR, Song W, Zhang QL, Yuan ML. Characterization of transcriptome in the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and gene expression analysis during developmental stages. Gene 2017; 622:29-41. [PMID: 28412460 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a worldwide pest that causes serious damage to stored foods. Although many efforts have been conducted on this species due to its economic importance, the study of genetic basis of development, behavior and insecticide resistance has been greatly hampered due to lack of genomic information. In this study, we used high throughput sequencing platform to perform a de novo transcriptome assembly and tag-based digital gene expression profiling (DGE) analyses across four different developmental stages of P. interpunctella (egg, third-instar larvae, pupae and adult). We obtained approximate 9gigabyte (GB) of clean data and recovered 84,938 unigenes, including 37,602 clusters and 47,336 singletons. These unigenes were annotated using BLAST against the non-redundant protein databases and then functionally classified based on Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases (KEGG). A large number of differentially expressed genes were identified by pairwise comparisons among different developmental stages. Gene expression profiles dramatically changed between developmental stage transitions. Some of these differentially expressed genes were related to digestion and cuticularization. Quantitative real-time PCR results of six randomly selected genes conformed the findings in the DGEs. Furthermore, we identified over 8000 microsatellite markers and 97,648 single nucleotide polymorphisms which will be useful for population genetics studies of P. interpunctella. This transcriptomic information provided insight into the developmental basis of P. interpunctella and will be helpful for establishing integrated management strategies and developing new targets of insecticides for this serious pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-An Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hai-Jing Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing-Rong Ju
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhang
- Evo-devo Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ming-Long Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
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Development of Antioxidative Soy Sauce Fermented with Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Eupolyphaga sinensis. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.10.4.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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10
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Suo T, Wang H, Li Z. Application of proteomics in research on traditional Chinese medicine. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:873-81. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1220837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ni LJ, Wang NN, Zhang LG, Guo YZ, Shi WZ. Evaluation of the effects of active fractions of chinese medicine formulas on IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α release from ANA-1 murine macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:420-431. [PMID: 26732631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yaotongning (YTN) is a traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that contains ten component medicinal materials (CMMs) and uses Chinese rice wine as a vehicle to enhance its efficacy. YTN has been used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment in China for decades and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, as well as to strengthen the immune system. AIM OF THE STUDY The present work quantitatively evaluated the in vitro effects of active fractions from the ten CMMs that make up YTN and eight additional herbs commonly used in TCM formulas for RA treatment, as well as different combinations of these active fractions, on cellular immune response; the findings were used to determine which active fractions are responsible for promoting an immune response, and to assess whether YTN is superior to other similar formulas and whether YTN can be improved by simplifying its formula from the point of its cellular immunomodulatory activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the YTN formulation principles and some concepts in combinatorial chemistry, 27 TCM samples were designed by combining some or all of the active fractions of YTN and other eight herbs used for RA treatment. Release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) from ANA-1 murine macrophages was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The immunoregulatory effects of the TCM samples were evaluated by comparing their half-effective concentrations (EC50) for stimulating the release of these cytokines. RESULTS Among the investigated active fractions, the flavonoids from Carthamus tinctorius (Fct), Davallia mariesii (Fdm), and Cinnamomum cassia Twig volatile oils (Vca) from the eight selected herbs effectively promoted IL-1β and IL-6 release from ANA-1 cells. Saponins from the YTN CMM Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Sgu) were the most potent promoters of IL-1β and TNF-α release. The aqueous extract of YTN CMM Eupolyphaga sinensis (Ves) strongly enhanced the release of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α from ANA-1 cells. The EC50 values for stimulating the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α could be determined for only six samples. The full YTN formula and the sample containing 50% Glycyrrhiza uralensis saponins, 25% of the mixture of alkaloids, and 25% of the mixture of all flavonoids exhibited good comprehensive cellular immunomodulatory activity. The immunomodulatory activity of the complete YTN formula was better than that of the sample containing all active fractions of YTN without Chinese rice wine (the YTN vehicle). CONCLUSIONS Sgu and Ves are the primary active fractions of YTN involved in stimulating immune responses. The YTN prescription was reasonably effective at promoting cellular immune responses. Chinese rice wine, the YTN vehicle, strengthened the immunoregulatory activity of YTN. The results of this study demonstrate that the YTN recipe could be improved by reducing the number of CMMs and altering some active fractions without reducing its activity to promote cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Ni
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Nan-Nan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li-Guo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yan-Zi Guo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wan-Zhong Shi
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, 185 Puan Road, Shanghai 200021, China
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Liu Z, Yuan K, Zhang R, Ren X, Liu X, Zhao S, Wang D. Cloning and purification of the first termicin-like peptide from the cockroach Eupolyphaga sinensis. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2016; 22:5. [PMID: 26823660 PMCID: PMC4730610 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-016-0058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Termicin is an antimicrobial peptide with six cysteines forming three disulfide bridges that was firstly isolated from the salivary glands and hemocytes of the termite Pseudacanthotermes spiniger. In contrast to many broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides, termicin is most active against filamentous fungi. Although more than one hundred complementary DNAs (cDNAs) encoding termicin-like peptides have been reported to date, all these termicin-like peptides were obtained from Isoptera insects. Methods The cDNA was cloned by combination of cDNA library construction kit and DNA sequencing. The polypeptide was purified by gel filtration and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Its amino acid sequence was determined by Edman degradation and mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activity was tested against several bacterial and fungal strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution tests. Results A novel termicin-like peptide with primary structure ACDFQQCWVTCQRQYSINFISARCNGDSCVCTFRT was purified from extracts of the cockroach Eupolyphaga sinensis (Insecta: Blattodea). The cDNA encoding Es-termicin was cloned by cDNA library screening. This cDNA encoded a 60 amino acid precursor which included a 25 amino acid signal peptide. Amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA matched well with the result of protein Edman degradation. Susceptibility test indicated that Es-termicin showed strong ability to kill fungi with a MIC of 25 μg/mL against Candida albicans ATCC 90028. It only showed limited potency to affect the growth of Gram-positive bacteria with a MIC of 200 μg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. It was inactive against gram-negative bacteria at the highest concentration tested (400 μg/mL). Es-termicin showed high sequence similarity with termicins from many species of termites (Insecta: Isoptera). Conclusions This is the first report of a termicin-like peptide isolated from E. sinensis that belongs to the insect order Blattodea. Our results demonstrate the diversity of termicin-like peptides, as well as antimicrobial peptides in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Lab of Aquatic Ecological Restoration of Dianchi Lake in Kunming, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214 China
| | - Kehua Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City; Yunnan, Cardiovascular Hospital; and Yan'an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650051 China
| | - Ruopeng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518028 China
| | - Xuchen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Lab of Aquatic Ecological Restoration of Dianchi Lake in Kunming, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214 China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Lab of Aquatic Ecological Restoration of Dianchi Lake in Kunming, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214 China
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation and Minority Eugenics, Yunnan Population and Family Planning Research Institute, Kunming, 650021 China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Xichang Road 295#, Kunming, Yunnan 650032 China
| | - Dingkang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Lab of Aquatic Ecological Restoration of Dianchi Lake in Kunming, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214 China.,Kunming University, Puxin Road 2#, Kunming, Yunnan 650214 China
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Xu X, Liu W, Li W, Liu S. Anticoagulant activity of crude extract of Holotrichia diomphalia larvae. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 177:28-34. [PMID: 26578186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Holotrichia diomphalia larvae are one classical folk medicinal material in East Asia which has clinically been used to promote blood circulation and dispel blood stasis for several hundred years. AIM OF THE STUDY The anticoagulant activity of crude extract of H. diomphalia larvae (CEHDL) in vitro and in vivo was evaluated to explore its mechanism as antithrombotic medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of CEHDL on plasma recalcification time, platelet aggregation, bleeding time, hydrolysis of fibrinogen and fibrin were measured with normal human plasma, plasma-rich platelet, transected mouse tails and bovine fibrinogen; the anti-thrombosis activities of CEHDL in vitro and in vivo were analyzed with clots lysis assay and carrageenan-induced mouse tail thrombosis model. RESULTS CEHDL was found to contain large numbers of proteins and could inhibit blood coagulation and platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CEHDL preferentially cleaved α- and β-chains followed by γ-chains of fibrinogen. Besides, CEHDL could directly degrade fibrin rather than activate plasminogen. It has been noted that fibrinogenolytic activity of CEHDL could be unaffected by metal ions such as Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Zn(2+), Fe(2+), Fe(3+), Cu(2+) and buffers with pH 3-10. Moreover, protease inhibitors like TPSI, aprotinin, leupetin, PMSF, DTT and EDTA only slightly or not inhibited fibrinogenolytic activity of CEHDL. However, CEHDL could be completely inactivated at 75°C and 100°C. In addition, CEHDL exhibited anti-thrombosis activities in both blood clot lysis assay and carrageenan-induced thrombosis model. CONCLUSION CEHDL possessed potent anticoagulant activity and several fibrin(ogen)olytic agents from H. diomphalia larvae were responsible for its antithrombotic effect as medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Wenjun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weizhen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Recent Advance in Applications of Proteomics Technologies on Traditional Chinese Medicine Research. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:983139. [PMID: 26557869 PMCID: PMC4629032 DOI: 10.1155/2015/983139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics technology, a major component of system biology, has gained comprehensive attention in the area of medical diagnosis, drug development, and mechanism research. On the holistic and systemic theory, proteomics has a convergence with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this review, we discussed the applications of proteomic technologies in diseases-TCM syndrome combination researches. We also introduced the proteomic studies on the in vivo and in vitro effects and underlying mechanisms of TCM treatments using Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), Chinese herbal formula (CHF), and acupuncture. Furthermore, the combined studies of proteomics with other “-omics” technologies in TCM were also discussed. In summary, this report presents an overview of the recent advances in the application of proteomic technologies in TCM studies and sheds a light on the future global and further research on TCM.
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Chen C, Yang FQ, Zhang Q, Wang FQ, Hu YJ, Xia ZN. Natural Products for Antithrombosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:876426. [PMID: 26075003 PMCID: PMC4449941 DOI: 10.1155/2015/876426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is considered to be closely related to several diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease and stroke, as well as rheumatoid arthritis, hyperuricemia, and various inflammatory conditions. More and more studies have been focused on understanding the mechanism of molecular and cellular basis of thrombus formation as well as preventing thrombosis for the treatment of thrombotic diseases. In reality, there is considerable interest in the role of natural products and their bioactive components in the prevention and treatment of thrombosis related disorders. This paper briefly describes the mechanisms of thrombus formation on three aspects, including coagulation system, platelet activation, and aggregation, and change of blood flow conditions. Furthermore, the natural products for antithrombosis by anticoagulation, antiplatelet aggregation, and fibrinolysis were summarized, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Feng-Qin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Zhi-Ning Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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16
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Ni LJ, Xu XL, Zhang LG, Shi WZ. Quantitative evaluation of the in vitro effect and interactions of active fractions in Yaotongning-based formulae on prostaglandin E₂ production. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:807-817. [PMID: 24853621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula of Yaotongning Capsules (YTNC) is a common remedy to treat rheumatism (RA) in China and possesses diverse biological activities including anti-inflammation. However the effects of component material medicines (CMMs) in YTNC and different combinations of the CMMs on the efficacy of YTNC and the interactions of these CMMs have been being unclear due to ten CMMs and too many compounds involved in YTNC. Moreover, many TCM formulae are available for treating RA according to TCM theory. It is unknown if the YTNC prescription is better than other TCM formulae for treating RA or better efficacy could be obtained when some CMMs in YTNC are replaced by other herbs. Quantitatively investigate the in vitro effect of active fractions from the CMMs of YTNC and other eight herbs commonly used in the TCM formulae for RA treatment on anti-inflammatory activity of different combinations of the active fractions, the interactions of the active fractions to evaluate the reasonability, advantage (or disadvantage) of the YTNC prescription and to see if the prescription could be improved from the point of anti-inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six active fractions, which were categorized as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, volatile oils/aqueous extracts and polysaccharides were prepared to design TCM samples by combining some of the active fractions, based on the YTNC formulating principle, combination chemistry concept and the importance of the active fractions in YTNC. The anti-inflammatory activities of the samples were evaluated by their half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values that inhibiting the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in ANA-1 murine macrophages (ANA-1 cells). The cells plated in 96-well plates were classified into blank group and test sample group. Each group was stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 1 mg/mL) for 2h. ANA-1 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of test samples prior to the addition of arachidonic acid (10 μmol/L). The supernatants were collected and measured using PGE2 ELISA Kit, and the cytotoxicity was assayed by cell counting Kit-8 (CCK8)-based test. The interactions of the active fractions in YTNC were evaluated by comparing the experimental IC50 values of the samples derived from YTNC to their corresponding additive IC50 values. The effect of each active fraction on cellular anti-inflammation-PGE2 secretion inhibition activity, and the reasonability, advantages (or disadvantages) of YTNC were evaluated based on the comparison of IC50 values of the samples. RESULTS The disassembled formulae consisted of some active fractions of YTNC and the whole prescription of YTNC consisted of the all active fractions from YTNC all demonstrate cellular anti-inflammatory activity, and there were no significant differences between these formulae. The vehicle of YTNC Chinese rice wine exhibits the ability to enhance the cellular anti-inflammation of YTNC. Synergistic effect exerts in the combination of alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins of YTNC, antagonistic or additive effects occur in the other combinations of active fractions from YTNC. The anti-inflammatory activities of some TCM samples which include some active fractions from the eight selected herbs are significantly higher than the samples derived from YTNC. The flavonoids of Carthamus tinctorius, the volatile oils of Cinnamomum cassia and Angelica pubescens perform better in cellular anti-inflammation than the flavonoids and volatile oils in YTNC. CONCLUSIONS The prescription of YTNC is reasonable in the view of anti-inflammation. The saponins and polysaccharides from the CMMs of YTNC have better anti-inflammatory activities than the saponins and polysaccharides from the other eight herbs. Reducing the varieties of YTNC CMMs and replacing the flavonoids and volatile oils of YTNC with the flavonoids of Carthamus tinctorius and the volatile oils of Cinnamomum cassia (or Angelica pubescens) would improve the safety and anti-inflammatory activity of YTNC. Synthetically evaluating various pharmacological activities of TCM formulae designed in the present work may lead to develop more effective and safer TCM using YTNC as prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Ni
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li-Guo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Wan-Zhong Shi
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, 185 Puan Road, Shanghai 200021, China.
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