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Li J, Yan K, Kong H, Jin L, Lv Y, Ding Y, Fan C, Pan Y, Shang Q. UDP-Glycosyltransferases UGT350C3 and UGT344L7 Confer Tolerance to Neonicotinoids in Field Populations of Aphis gossypii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14141-14151. [PMID: 38864686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, is a polyphagous pest that stunts host plant growth via direct feeding or transmitting plant virus. Due to the long-term application of insecticides, A. gossypii has developed different levels of resistance to numerous insecticides. We found that five field populations had evolved multiple resistances to neonicotinoids. To explore the resistance mechanism mediated by uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs), two upregulated UGT genes in these five strains, UGT350C3 and UGT344L7, were selected for functional analysis of their roles in neonicotinoid detoxification. Transgenic Drosophila bioassay results indicated that compared with the control lines, the UGT350C3 and UGT344L7 overexpression lines were more tolerant to thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and dinotefuran. Knockdown of UGT350C3 and UGT344L7 significantly increased A. gossypii sensitivity to thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and dinotefuran. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that these neonicotinoids could bind to the active pockets of UGT350C3 and UGT344L7. This study provides functional evidence of neonicotinoid detoxification mediated by UGTs and will facilitate further work to identify strategies for preventing the development of neonicotinoid resistance in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Kunpeng Yan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Haoran Kong
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Long Jin
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yuntong Lv
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yaping Ding
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Fan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yiou Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Qingli Shang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, PR China
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2
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Wu J, Tang W, Li Z, Chakraborty A, Zhou C, Li F, He S. Duplications and Losses of the Detoxification Enzyme Glycosyltransferase 1 Are Related to Insect Adaptations to Plant Feeding. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6080. [PMID: 38892266 PMCID: PMC11173166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Insects have developed sophisticated detoxification systems to protect them from plant secondary metabolites while feeding on plants to obtain necessary nutrients. As an important enzyme in the system, glycosyltransferase 1 (GT1) conjugates toxic compounds to mitigate their harm to insects. However, the evolutionary link between GT1s and insect plant feeding remains elusive. In this study, we explored the evolution of GT1s across different insect orders and feeding niches using publicly available insect genomes. GT1 is widely present in insect species; however, its gene number differs among insect orders. Notably, plant-sap-feeding species have the highest GT1 gene numbers, whereas blood-feeding species display the lowest. GT1s appear to be associated with insect adaptations to different plant substrates in different orders, while the shift to non-plant feeding is related to several losses of GT1s. Most large gene numbers are likely the consequence of tandem duplications showing variations in collinearity among insect orders. These results reveal the potential relationships between the evolution of GT1s and insect adaptation to plant feeding, facilitating our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying insect-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Wu
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (J.W.)
| | - Wanjiang Tang
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (J.W.)
| | - Zhengyang Li
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (J.W.)
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Cao Zhou
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (J.W.)
| | - Fei Li
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (J.W.)
| | - Shulin He
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (J.W.)
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3
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Wang H, Song J, Hunt BJ, Zuo K, Zhou H, Hayward A, Li B, Xiao Y, Geng X, Bass C, Zhou S. UDP-glycosyltransferases act as key determinants of host plant range in generalist and specialist Spodoptera species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402045121. [PMID: 38683998 PMCID: PMC11087754 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402045121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytophagous insects have evolved sophisticated detoxification systems to overcome the antiherbivore chemical defenses produced by many plants. However, how these biotransformation systems differ in generalist and specialist insect species and their role in determining insect host plant range remains an open question. Here, we show that UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs) play a key role in determining the host range of insect species within the Spodoptera genus. Comparative genomic analyses of Spodoptera species that differ in host plant breadth identified a relatively conserved number of UGT genes in generalist species but high levels of UGT gene pseudogenization in the specialist Spodoptera picta. CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts of the three main UGT gene clusters of Spodoptera frugiperda revealed that UGT33 genes play an important role in allowing this species to utilize the poaceous plants maize, wheat, and rice, while UGT40 genes facilitate utilization of cotton. Further functional analyses in vivo and in vitro identified the UGT SfUGT33F32 as the key mechanism that allows generalist S. frugiperda to detoxify the benzoxazinoid DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one), a potent insecticidal phytotoxin produced by poaceous plants. However, while this detoxification capacity is conserved in several generalist Spodoptera species, Spodoptera picta, which specializes on Crinum plants, is unable to detoxify DIMBOA due to a nonfunctionalizing mutation in SpUGT33F34. Collectively, these findings provide insight into the role of insect UGTs in host plant adaptation, the mechanistic basis of evolutionary transitions between generalism and specialism and offer molecular targets for controlling a group of notorious insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Jing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Benjamin J. Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, PenrynTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Kairan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Huiru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Angela Hayward
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, PenrynTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Bingbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Yajuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Xing Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Chris Bass
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, PenrynTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Shutang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
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Liu X, Wang S, Tang H, Li M, Gao P, Peng X, Chen M. Uridine Diphosphate-Glycosyltransferase RpUGT344D38 Contributes to λ-Cyhalothrin Resistance in Rhopalosiphum padi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5165-5175. [PMID: 38437009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferase (UGT) is a key phase II enzyme in the insect detoxification system. Pyrethroids are commonly used to control the destructive wheat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. In this study, we found a highly expressed UGT gene, RpUGT344D38, in both λ-cyhalothrin (LCR)- and bifenthrin (BTR)-resistant strains of R. padi. After exposure to λ-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin, the expression levels of RpUGT344D38 were significantly increased in the resistant strains. Knockdown of RpUGT344D38 did not affect the resistance of BTR, but it did significantly increase the susceptibility of LCR aphids to λ-cyhalothrin. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that RpUGT344D38 had a stable binding interaction with both bifenthrin and λ-cyhalothrin. The recombinant RpUGT344D38 was able to metabolize 50% of λ-cyhalothrin. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of RpUGT344D38 in the resistance of R. padi to bifenthrin and λ-cyhalothrin, contributing to a better understanding of aphid resistance to pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Suji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongcheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengtian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Maohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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5
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Arriaza RH, Abiskaroon B, Patel M, Daneshian L, Kluza A, Snoeck S, Watkins MB, Hopkins JB, Van Leeuwen T, Grbic M, Grbic V, Borowski T, Chruszcz M. Structural and functional studies reveal the molecular basis of substrate promiscuity of a glycosyltransferase originating from a major agricultural pest. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105421. [PMID: 37923139 PMCID: PMC10731231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a major cosmopolitan pest that feeds on more than 1100 plant species. Its genome contains an unprecedentedly large number of genes involved in detoxifying and transporting xenobiotics, including 80 genes that code for UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs). These enzymes were acquired via horizontal gene transfer from bacteria after loss in the Chelicerata lineage. UGTs are well-known for their role in phase II metabolism; however, their contribution to host adaptation and acaricide resistance in arthropods, such as T. urticae, is not yet resolved. TuUGT202A2 (Tetur22g00270) has been linked to the ability of this pest to adapt to tomato plants. Moreover, it was shown that this enzyme can glycosylate a wide range of flavonoids. To understand this relationship at the molecular level, structural, functional, and computational studies were performed. Structural studies provided specific snapshots of the enzyme in different catalytically relevant stages. The crystal structure of TuUGT202A2 in complex with UDP-glucose was obtained and site-directed mutagenesis paired with molecular dynamic simulations revealed a novel lid-like mechanism involved in the binding of the activated sugar donor. Two additional TuUGT202A2 crystal complexes, UDP-(S)-naringenin and UDP-naringin, demonstrated that this enzyme has a highly plastic and open-ended acceptor-binding site. Overall, this work reveals the molecular basis of substrate promiscuity of TuUGT202A2 and provides novel insights into the structural mechanism of UGTs catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Hernandez Arriaza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Brendan Abiskaroon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Megha Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Leily Daneshian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anna Kluza
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - Simon Snoeck
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maxwell B Watkins
- The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jesse B Hopkins
- The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miodrag Grbic
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; University of La Rioja, Logrono, Spain
| | - Vojislava Grbic
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomasz Borowski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
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6
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Chen L, Yu XY, Xue XF, Zhang F, Guo LX, Zhang HM, Hoffmann AA, Hong XY, Sun JT. The genome sequence of a spider mite, Tetranychus truncatus, provides insights into interspecific host range variation and the genetic basis of adaptation to a low-quality host plant. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1208-1228. [PMID: 37279769 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytophagous mite Tetranychus truncatus is a serious pest in East Asia but has a relatively narrower host range than the pest mite Tetranychus urticae, which can feed on over 1200 plant species. Here, we generated a high-quality chromosomal level genome of T. truncatus and compared it with that of T. urticae, with an emphasis on the genes related to detoxification and chemoreception, to explore the genomic basis underlying the evolution of host range. We also conducted population genetics analyses (in 86 females from 10 populations) and host transfer experiments (in 4 populations) to investigate transcription changes following transfer to a low-quality host (Solanum melongena, eggplant), and we established possible connections between fitness on eggplant and genes related to detoxification and chemoreception. We found that T. truncatus has fewer genes related to detoxification, transport, and chemoreception than T. urticae, with a particularly strong reduction in gustatory receptor (GR) genes. We also found widespread transcriptional variation among T. truncatus populations, which varied in fitness on eggplant. We characterized selection on detoxification-related genes through ω values and found a negative correlation between expression levels and ω values. Based on the transcription results, as well as the fitness and genetic differences among populations, we identified genes potentially involved in adaptation to eggplant in T. truncatus. Our work provides a genomic resource for this pest mite and new insights into mechanisms underlying the adaptation of herbivorous mites to host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Yue Yu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xue
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Xue Guo
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua-Meng Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Tao Sun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Wen X, Feng K, Qin J, Wei P, Cao P, Zhang Y, Yuchi Z, He L. A detoxification pathway initiated by a nuclear receptor TcHR96h in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval). PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010911. [PMID: 37708138 PMCID: PMC10501649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of detoxification initiation in arthropods after pesticide exposure is crucial. Although the identity of transcription factors that induce and regulate the expression of detoxification genes in response to pesticides is beginning to emerge, whether transcription factors directly interact with xenobiotics is unclear. The findings of this study revealed that a nuclear hormone receptor, Tetranychus cinnabarinus hormone receptor (HR) TcHR96h, regulates the overexpression of the detoxification gene TcGSTm02, which is involved in cyflumetofen resistance. The nuclear translocation of TcHR96h increased after cyflumetofen exposure, suggesting direct binding with cyflumetofen. The direct binding of TcHR96h and cyflumetofen was supported by several independent proteomic assays that quantify interactions with small molecules. Together, this study proposes a model for the initiation of xenobiotic detoxification in a polyphagous agricultural pest. These insights not only provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of xenobiotic detoxification and metabolism in arthropods, but also are crucial in understanding adaptation in polyphagous herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaiyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plants and Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Wu M, Zhang Y, Tian T, Xu D, Wu Q, Xie W, Zhang Y, Crickmore N, Guo Z, Wang S. Assessment of the role of an ABCC transporter TuMRP1 in the toxicity of abamectin to Tetranychus urticae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105543. [PMID: 37666614 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid evolution of pest resistance threatens the sustainable utilization of bioinsecticides such as abamectin, and so deciphering the molecular mechanisms affecting toxicity and resistance is essential for their long-term application. Historical studies of abamectin resistance in arthropods have mainly focused on mechanisms involving the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) targets, with the role of metabolic processes less clear. The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a generalist herbivore notorious for rapidly developing resistance to pesticides worldwide, and abamectin has been widely used for its control in the field. After reanalyzing previous transcriptome and RNA-seq data, we here identified an ABC transporter subfamily C gene in T. urticae named multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (TuMRP1), whose expression differed between susceptible and resistant populations. Synergism bioassays with the inhibitor MK-571, the existence of a genetic association between TuMRP1 expression and susceptibility to abamectin, and the effect of RNA interference mediated silencing of TuMRP1 were all consistent with a direct role of this transporter protein in the toxicity of abamectin. Although ABC transporters are often involved in removing insecticidal compounds from cells, our data suggest either an alternative role for these proteins in the mechanism of action of abamectin or highlight an indirect association between their expression and abamectin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Dandan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Qingjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Youjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Neil Crickmore
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
| | - Zhaojiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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9
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De Rouck S, İnak E, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. A review of the molecular mechanisms of acaricide resistance in mites and ticks. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 159:103981. [PMID: 37391089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The Arachnida subclass of Acari comprises many harmful pests that threaten agriculture as well as animal health, including herbivorous spider mites, the bee parasite Varroa, the poultry mite Dermanyssus and several species of ticks. Especially in agriculture, acaricides are often used intensively to minimize the damage they inflict, promoting the development of resistance. Beneficial predatory mites used in biological control are also subjected to acaricide selection in the field. The development and use of new genetic and genomic tools such as genome and transcriptome sequencing, bulked segregant analysis (QTL mapping), and reverse genetics via RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9, have greatly increased our understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms of resistance in Acari, especially in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae which emerged as a model species. These new techniques allowed to uncover and validate new resistance mutations in a larger range of species. In addition, they provided an impetus to start elucidating more challenging questions on mechanisms of gene regulation of detoxification associated with resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander De Rouck
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emre İnak
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Dıskapı, 06110, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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10
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Villacis‐Perez E, Xue W, Vandenhole M, De Beer B, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. Intraspecific diversity in the mechanisms underlying abamectin resistance in a cosmopolitan pest. Evol Appl 2023; 16:863-879. [PMID: 37124092 PMCID: PMC10130554 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide resistance relies on a myriad of mechanisms, ranging from single mutations to a complex and polygenic architecture, and it involves mechanisms such as target-site insensitivity, metabolic detoxification, or a combination of these, with either additive or synergistic effects. Several resistance mechanisms against abamectin, a macrocyclic lactone widely used in crop protection, have been reported in the cosmopolitan pest Tetranychus urticae. However, it has been shown that a single mechanism cannot account for the high levels of abamectin resistance found across different mite populations. Here, we used experimental evolution combined with bulked segregant analyses to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with abamectin resistance in two genetically unrelated populations of T. urticae. In these two independent QTL mapping experiments, three and four QTLs were identified, of which three were shared between experiments. Shared QTLs contained genes encoding subunits of the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) and harboured previously reported mutations, including G314D in GluCl1 and G326E in GluCl3, but also novel resistance candidate loci, including DNA helicases and chemosensory receptors. Surprisingly, the fourth QTL, present only in only one of the experiments and thus unique for one resistant parental line, revealed a non-functional variant of GluCl2, suggesting gene knock-out as resistance mechanism. Our study uncovers the complex basis of abamectin resistance, and it highlights the intraspecific diversity of genetic mechanisms underlying resistance in a cosmopolitan pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Villacis‐Perez
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED)University of Amsterdam (UvA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wenxin Xue
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Marilou Vandenhole
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Berdien De Beer
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Plant Sciences UnitFlanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO)MerelbekeBelgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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11
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Yang Z, Xiao T, Lu K. Contribution of UDP-glycosyltransferases to chlorpyrifos resistance in Nilaparvata lugens. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 190:105321. [PMID: 36740334 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a multigene superfamily of Phase II detoxification enzymes, uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play important roles in the metabolism of xenobiotics including insecticides. In this study, 5-nitrouracil, an inhibitor of UGT enzyme activity, effectively increased the toxicity of chlorpyrifos to the chlorpyrifos-resistant strain of Nilaparvata lugens, one of the most resistant rice pests. The enzyme content of UGT in the resistant strain was significantly higher than that in the susceptible strain. Among 20 identified UGT genes, UGT386H2, UGT386J2, UGT386N2 and UGT386P1 were found significantly overexpressed in the resistant strain and can be effectively induced by chlorpyrifos. These four UGT genes were most highly expressed in the midgut and/or fat body, two main insect detoxification tissues. Amino acid sequence alignments revealed that these four UGTs contained a variable N-terminal substrate-binding domain and a conserved C-terminal sugar donor-binding domain. Furthermore, homology modeling and molecular docking analyses showed that these UGTs could stably bind to chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos oxon, with the binding free energies from -19.4 to -110.62 kcal mol-1. Knockdown of UGT386H2 or UGT386P1 by RNA interference dramatically increased the susceptibility of the resistant strain to chlorpyrifos. These findings suggest that overexpression of these two UGT genes contributes to chlorpyrifos resistance in N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tianxiang Xiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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12
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Chen YJ, Zhao J, Jiang JX, Wan NF. Transcriptome analysis revealed detoxification gene expression changes in Tetranychus cinnabarinus challenged with ethyl oleate. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 89:61-84. [PMID: 36656389 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural acaricides are potential biorational mite control alternatives to conventional chemical acaricides. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of defense response to natural acaricides in mites. We previously reported significant acaricidal properties of ethyl oleate (EO) against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (here referred to as a sibling species of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae), a highly polyphagous pest devastating crops in fields and greenhouses worldwide. In this study, we explored the molecular responses of T. cinnabarinus exposed to EO using RNA-Seq and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis. A total of 131, 185, and 154 DEGs were identified in T. cinnabarinus after 1, 6, and 24 h of EO treatment. In addition, 36 putative detoxification-related DEGs, including 10 cytochrome P450s (P450s), three glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), nine UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), eight esterases (ESTs), and six ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters), were identified. Interestingly, the upregulation of these detoxification-related genes might be the main defense response of T. cinnabarinus exposed to EO. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that the expression profiles of 19 random DEGs were consistent with the RNA-Seq results. These findings serve as valuable information for a better understanding of the acaricide-mite interaction and molecular mechanisms involved in the defense response of T. cinnabarinus against EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Juan Chen
- Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture, 201403, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Pudong New District Agro-Technology Extension Center, 66 Changxin East Road, 201201, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Xian Jiang
- Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture, 201403, Shanghai, China.
| | - Nian-Feng Wan
- Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture, 201403, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Feng K, Liu J, Zhao M, Jiang Z, Liu P, Wei P, Dou W, He L. The dynamic changes of genes revealed that persistently overexpressed genes drive the evolution of cyflumetofen resistance in Tetranychus cinnabarinus. INSECT SCIENCE 2022. [PMID: 36380571 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in gene expression are associated with the evolution of pesticide resistance in arthropods. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed in 3 different resistance levels (low, L; medium, M; and high, H) of cyflumetofen-resistant strain (YN-CyR). A total of 1 685 genes, including 97 detoxification enzyme genes, were upregulated in all 3 stages, of which 192 genes, including 11 detoxification enzyme genes, showed a continuous increase in expression level with resistance development (L to H). RNA interference experiments showed that overexpression of 7 genes (CYP392A1, TcGSTd05, CCE06, CYP389A1, TcGSTz01, CCE59, and CYP389C2) is involved in the development of cyflumetofen resistance in Tetranychus cinnabarinus. The recombinant CYP392A1 can effectively metabolize cyflumetofen, while CCE06 can bind and sequester cyflumetofen in vitro. We compared 2 methods for rapid screening of resistance molecular markers, including short-term induction and 1-time high-dose selection. Two detoxification enzyme genes were upregulated in the field susceptible strain (YN-S) by induction with 20% lethal concentration (LC20 ) of cyflumetofen. However, 16 detoxification enzyme genes were upregulated by 1-time selection with LC80 of cyflumetofen. Interestingly, the 16 genes were overexpressed in all 3 resistance stages. These results indicated that 1 685 genes that were upregulated at the L stage constituted the basis of cyflumetofen resistance, of which 192 genes in which upregulation continued to increase were the main driving force for the development of resistance. Moreover, the 1-time high-dose selection is an efficient way to rapidly obtain the resistance-related genes that can aid in the development of resistance markers and resistance management in mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialu Liu
- Key Scientific Research Base of Pest and Mold Control of Heritage Collection (Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum), State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Scientific Research Base of Pest and Mold Control of Heritage Collection (Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum), State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhixin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peilin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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14
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De Beer B, Vandenhole M, Njiru C, Spanoghe P, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. High-Resolution Genetic Mapping Combined with Transcriptome Profiling Reveals That Both Target-Site Resistance and Increased Detoxification Confer Resistance to the Pyrethroid Bifenthrin in the Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1630. [PMID: 36358331 PMCID: PMC9687926 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are widely applied insecticides in agriculture, but their frequent use has provoked many cases of resistance, in which mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), the pyrethroid target-site, were shown to play a major role. However, for the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, it has also been shown that increased detoxification contributes to resistance against the pyrethroid bifenthrin. Here, we performed QTL-mapping to identify the genomic loci underlying bifenthrin resistance in T. urticae. Two loci on chromosome 1 were identified, with the VGSC gene being located near the second QTL and harboring the well-known L1024V mutation. In addition, the presence of an L925M mutation in the VGSC of a highly bifenthrin-resistant strain and its loss in its derived, susceptible, inbred line indicated the importance of target-site mutations in bifenthrin resistance. Further, RNAseq experiments revealed that genes encoding detoxification enzymes, including carboxyl/choline esterases (CCEs), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and UDP-glycosyl transferases (UGTs), were overexpressed in resistant strains. Toxicity bioassays with bifenthrin (ester pyrethroid) and etofenprox (non-ester pyrethroid) also indicated a possible role for CCEs in bifenthrin resistance. A selection of CCEs and UGTs were therefore functionally expressed, and CCEinc18 was shown to metabolize bifenthrin, while teturUGT10 could glycosylate bifenthrin-alcohol. To conclude, our findings suggest that both target-site and metabolic mechanisms underlie bifenthrin resistance in T. urticae, and these might synergize high levels of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berdien De Beer
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marilou Vandenhole
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine Njiru
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Spanoghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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15
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İnak E, Alpkent YN, Saalwaechter C, Albayrak T, İnak A, Dermauw W, Geibel S, Van Leeuwen T. Long-term survey and characterization of cyflumetofen resistance in Tetranychus urticae populations from Turkey. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105235. [PMID: 36464352 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is the most economically important mite pest in agricultural areas and chemical acaricides are widely used to control T. urticae populations. Cyflumetofen is a recently introduced acaricide that inhibits the mitochondrial electron transport chain at complex II (succinate dehydrogenase, SDH), which represents the most recently developed mode of action for mite control worldwide. In the present study, started upon the launch of cyflumetofen in Turkey, a five-year survey was performed to monitor cyflumetofen susceptibility in 28 T. urticae populations collected from agricultural fields across the country. The first resistance case that might cause control failure in practical field conditions was uncovered in 2019, three years after the registration of cyflumetofen. In addition, an extremely resistant population (1722-fold resistance) was also detected towards the end of 2019. Cyflumetofen resistance did not decrease in the laboratory after relaxation of selection pressure for over one year in field-collected populations, suggesting the absence of a fitness cost associated with resistance in these populations. Next to phenotypic resistance, metabolic and physiological mechanisms underlying the decreased susceptibility were also investigated. Synergism assays showed the involvement of P450 monooxygenases in cyflumetofen resistance. Downregulation of carboxylesterases as resistance mechanism, is underpinned by the fact that pre-treatment with esterase inhibitor DEF decreased cyflumetofen toxicity in field-collected strains. Furthermore, a novel H258L substitution in the subunit B of complex II was uncovered in a field population. In silico modeling of the new mutation suggested that the mutation might indeed influence toxicity to complex II inhibitors cyenopyrafen and pyflubumide, but most likely not cyflumetofen. However, further studies are needed to uncover the exact role of this mutation in resistance to this new class of complex II inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre İnak
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Diskapi 06110, Ankara, Turkey; Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yasin Nazım Alpkent
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Yenimahalle 06172, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Tuba Albayrak
- Agricultural Credit Cooperatives of Turkey, Karapınar, 2863 Bucak, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Arda İnak
- Agro Project Academy, 01100 Seyhan, Adana, Turkey
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sven Geibel
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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16
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He S, Jiang B, Chakraborty A, Yu G. The Evolution of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 1 in Insects Related to Their Adaptation to Plant Utilization. INSECTS 2022; 13:786. [PMID: 36135486 PMCID: PMC9500737 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Insects closely interact with plants with multiple genes involved in their interactions. β-glucosidase, constituted mainly by glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1), is a crucial enzyme in insects to digest plant cell walls and defend against natural enemies with sequestered plant metabolites. To gain more insights into the role of this enzyme in plant-insect interactions, we analyzed the evolutionary history of the GH1 gene family with publicly available insect genomes. We found that GH1 is widely present in insects, while the gene numbers are significantly higher in insect herbivores directly feeding on plant cell walls than in other insects. After reconciling the insect GH1 gene tree with a species tree, we found that the patterns of duplication and loss of GH1 genes differ among insect orders, which may be associated with the evolution of their ecology. Furthermore, the majority of insects' GH1 genes were tandem-duplicated and subsequently went through neofunctionalization. This study shows the evolutionary history of an important gene family GH1 in insects and facilitates our understanding of the evolution of insect-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin He
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Beijing Rd. 1, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Guozhi Yu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Rd. 46, Ya’an 625014, China
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17
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Njiru C, Xue W, De Rouck S, Alba JM, Kant MR, Chruszcz M, Vanholme B, Dermauw W, Wybouw N, Van Leeuwen T. Intradiol ring cleavage dioxygenases from herbivorous spider mites as a new detoxification enzyme family in animals. BMC Biol 2022; 20:131. [PMID: 35658860 PMCID: PMC9167512 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Generalist herbivores such as the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae thrive on a wide variety of plants and can rapidly adapt to novel hosts. What traits enable polyphagous herbivores to cope with the diversity of secondary metabolites in their variable plant diet is unclear. Genome sequencing of T. urticae revealed the presence of 17 genes that code for secreted proteins with strong homology to “intradiol ring cleavage dioxygenases (DOGs)” from bacteria and fungi, and phylogenetic analyses show that they have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer from fungi. In bacteria and fungi, DOGs have been well characterized and cleave aromatic rings in catecholic compounds between adjacent hydroxyl groups. Such compounds are found in high amounts in solanaceous plants like tomato, where they protect against herbivory. To better understand the role of this gene family in spider mites, we used a multi-disciplinary approach to functionally characterize the various T. urticae DOG genes. Results We confirmed that DOG genes were present in the T. urticae genome and performed a phylogenetic reconstruction using transcriptomic and genomic data to advance our understanding of the evolutionary history of spider mite DOG genes. We found that DOG expression differed between mites from different plant hosts and was induced in response to jasmonic acid defense signaling. In consonance with a presumed role in detoxification, expression was localized in the mite’s gut region. Silencing selected DOGs expression by dsRNA injection reduced the mites’ survival rate on tomato, further supporting a role in mitigating the plant defense response. Recombinant purified DOGs displayed a broad substrate promiscuity, cleaving a surprisingly wide array of aromatic plant metabolites, greatly exceeding the metabolic capacity of previously characterized microbial DOGs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the laterally acquired spider mite DOGs function as detoxification enzymes in the gut, disarming plant metabolites before they reach toxic levels. We provide experimental evidence to support the hypothesis that this proliferated gene family in T. urticae is causally linked to its ability to feed on an extremely wide range of host plants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01323-1.
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18
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Xiong Q, Wan ATY, Liu X, Fung CSH, Xiao X, Malainual N, Hou J, Wang L, Wang M, Yang KY, Cui Y, Leung ELH, Nong W, Shin SK, Au SWN, Jeong KY, Chew FT, Hui JHL, Leung TF, Tungtrongchitr A, Zhong N, Liu Z, Tsui SKW. Comparative Genomics Reveals Insights into the Divergent Evolution of Astigmatic Mites and Household Pest Adaptations. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6582989. [PMID: 35535514 PMCID: PMC9113151 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly diversified astigmatic mites comprise many medically important human household pests such as house dust mites causing ∼1–2% of all allergic diseases globally; however, their evolutionary origin and diverse lifestyles including reversible parasitism have not been illustrated at the genomic level, which hampers allergy prevention and our exploration of these household pests. Using six high-quality assembled and annotated genomes, this study not only refuted the monophyly of mites and ticks, but also thoroughly explored the divergence of Acariformes and the diversification of astigmatic mites. In monophyletic Acariformes, Prostigmata known as notorious plant pests first evolved, and then rapidly evolving Astigmata diverged from soil oribatid mites. Within astigmatic mites, a wide range of gene families rapidly expanded via tandem gene duplications, including ionotropic glutamate receptors, triacylglycerol lipases, serine proteases and UDP glucuronosyltransferases. Gene diversification after tandem duplications provides many genetic resources for adaptation to sensing environmental signals, digestion, and detoxification in rapidly changing household environments. Many gene decay events only occurred in the skin-burrowing parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Throughout the evolution of Acariformes, massive horizontal gene transfer events occurred in gene families such as UDP glucuronosyltransferases and several important fungal cell wall lytic enzymes, which enable detoxification and digestive functions and provide perfect drug targets for pest control. This comparative study sheds light on the divergent evolution and quick adaptation to human household environments of astigmatic mites and provides insights into the genetic adaptations and even control of human household pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Angel Tsz-Yau Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Cathy Sin-Hang Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaojun Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Nat Malainual
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jinpao Hou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Centre for Microbial Genomics and Proteomics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lingyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mingqiang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kevin Yi Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yubao Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Wenyan Nong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Soo-Kyung Shin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Kyoung Yong Jeong
- Institute of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fook-Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerome Ho-Lam Hui
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ting-Fan Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anchalee Tungtrongchitr
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Centre for Microbial Genomics and Proteomics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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19
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Papapostolou KM, Riga M, Samantsidis GR, Skoufa E, Balabanidou V, Van Leeuwen T, Vontas J. Over-expression in cis of the midgut P450 CYP392A16 contributes to abamectin resistance in Tetranychus urticae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 142:103709. [PMID: 34995778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 mediated metabolism is a well-known mechanism of insecticide resistance. However, to what extent qualitative or quantitative changes are responsible for increased metabolism, is not well understood. Increased expression of P450 genes is most often reported, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain widely unclear. In this study, we investigate CYP392A16, a P450 from the polyphagous and major agricultural pest Tetranychus urticae. High expression levels of CYP392A16 and in vitro metabolism assays have previously associated this P450 with abamectin resistance. Here, we show that CYP392A16 is primarily localized in the midgut epithelial cells, as indicated by immunofluorescence analysis, a finding also supported by a comparison between feeding and contact toxicity bioassays. Silencing via RNAi of CYP392A16 in a highly resistant T. urticae population reduced insecticide resistance levels from 3400- to 1900- fold, compared to the susceptible reference strain. Marker-assisted backcrossing, using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) found in the CYP392A16 allele from the resistant population, was subsequently performed to create congenic lines bearing this gene in a susceptible genetic background. Toxicity assays indicated that the allele derived from the resistant strain confers 3.6-fold abamectin resistance compared to the lines with susceptible genetic background. CYP392A16 is over-expressed at the same levels in these lines, pointing to cis-regulation of gene expression. In support of that, functional analysis of the putative promoter region from the resistant and susceptible parental strains revealed a higher reporter gene expression, confirming the presence of cis-acting regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Maria Papapostolou
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, GR-700 13, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Riga
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, GR-700 13, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - George-Rafael Samantsidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, GR-700 13, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelia Skoufa
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, GR-700 13, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasileia Balabanidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, GR-700 13, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, GR-700 13, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855, Athens, Greece.
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20
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Gao S, Sun H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Sun P, Shang J, Zhang K, Li R. Knockdown of Uridine Diphosphate Glucosyltransferase 86Dg Enhances Susceptibility of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to Artemisia vulgaris (Asterales: Asteraceae) Essential Oil. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:2553-2561. [PMID: 34546358 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferases (UGTs), which are phase II detoxification enzymes, are found in various organisms. These enzymes play an important role in the detoxification mechanisms of plant allelopathy and in insects. Artemisia vulgaris L. (Asterales: Asteraceae: Artemisia) essential oil has strong contact toxicity to Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae. However, the effect of A. vulgaris essential oil on UGTs is unclear. In this study, A. vulgaris essential oil was shown to significantly induce the expression of the TcUgt86Dg transcript. Furthermore, treatment of TcUgt86Dg-silenced individuals with A. vulgaris essential oil resulted in higher mortality than for the control individuals, indicating that TcUgt86Dg is involved in detoxification of A. vulgaris essential oil in T. castaneum. The developmental expression profile showed that the expression of TcUgt86Dg in late adults was higher than in other developmental stages. Furthermore, the expression profile in adult tissues revealed higher expression of TcUgt86Dg in the head, antenna, fat body, and accessory gland than in other tissues. These data show that TcUgt86Dg may be involved in the metabolism of exogenous toxins by T. castaneum; thus, our results have elucidated one possible mechanism of resistance to A. vulgaris essential oil and provide a theoretical basis for a control scheme for T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Haidi Sun
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Jin Shang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
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21
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Salehipourshirazi G, Bruinsma K, Ratlamwala H, Dixit S, Arbona V, Widemann E, Milojevic M, Jin P, Bensoussan N, Gómez-Cadenas A, Zhurov V, Grbic M, Grbic V. Rapid specialization of counter defenses enables two-spotted spider mite to adapt to novel plant hosts. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2608-2622. [PMID: 34618096 PMCID: PMC8644343 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic adaptation, occurring over a long evolutionary time, enables host-specialized herbivores to develop novel resistance traits and to efficiently counteract the defenses of a narrow range of host plants. In contrast, physiological acclimation, leading to the suppression and/or detoxification of host defenses, is hypothesized to enable broad generalists to shift between plant hosts. However, the host adaptation mechanisms used by generalists composed of host-adapted populations are not known. Two-spotted spider mite (TSSM; Tetranychus urticae) is an extreme generalist herbivore whose individual populations perform well only on a subset of potential hosts. We combined experimental evolution, Arabidopsis thaliana genetics, mite reverse genetics, and pharmacological approaches to examine mite host adaptation upon the shift of a bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)-adapted population to Arabidopsis. We showed that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are required for mite adaptation to Arabidopsis. We identified activities of two tiers of P450s: general xenobiotic-responsive P450s that have a limited contribution to mite adaptation to Arabidopsis and adaptation-associated P450s that efficiently counteract Arabidopsis defenses. In approximately 25 generations of mite selection on Arabidopsis plants, mites evolved highly efficient detoxification-based adaptation, characteristic of specialist herbivores. This demonstrates that specialization to plant resistance traits can occur within the ecological timescale, enabling the TSSM to shift to novel plant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristie Bruinsma
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Huzefa Ratlamwala
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Sameer Dixit
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, E-12071, Spain
| | - Emilie Widemann
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Maja Milojevic
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Pengyu Jin
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bensoussan
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, E-12071, Spain
| | - Vladimir Zhurov
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Miodrag Grbic
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B8, Canada
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobiernode La Rioja), Logrono 26006, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vojislava Grbic
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B8, Canada
- Author for communication:
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22
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Liu M, Yang L, Cai M, Feng C, Zhao Z, Yang D, Ding P. Transcriptome analysis reveals important candidate gene families related to oligosaccharides biosynthesis in Morindaofficinalis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:1061-1071. [PMID: 34601436 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Morinda officinalis How (MO) is one of the best-known traditional herbs and is widely cultivated in subtropical and tropical areas for many years, especially in southern China. Oligosaccharides are the major constituents in the roots of MO, which is well known for its therapeutic effects with anti-depression, anti-osteoporosis, memory-enhancing, ect. To date, the main gene families that regulate the biosynthetic pathway of MO oligosaccharides metabolism yet have been published. In our study, six cDNA libraries generated from six plants of MO were sequenced utilizing an Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform. Corresponding totals of more than 132.60 million clean reads were obtained from the six libraries and assembled into 25,812 unigenes with an average length of 1288 bp. Moreover, 6036 unigenes were found to be allocated to 26 pathways maps using several public databases, and 2538 differential expression genes (DEGs) were screened. Among them, 25 genes from three families were selected as the mainly candidate genes related to MO oligosaccharides biosynthesis. Then, the expression patterns of six DEGs closely related to MO oligosaccharides biosynthesis were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Besides, the MO was clustered more closely to Coffea arabica of Rubiaceae. In summary, the transcriptomic analysis was used to investigate the differences in expression genes of oligosaccharides biosynthesis, with the notable outcome that several key gene families were closely linked to oligosaccharides biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Miaomiao Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chong Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ping Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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23
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Ahn SJ, Chertemps T, Maïbèche M, Marygold SJ, Van Leeuwen T. Editorial: Invertebrate UDP-Glycosyltransferases: Nomenclature, Diversity and Functions. Front Physiol 2021; 12:748290. [PMID: 34552512 PMCID: PMC8450408 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.748290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Thomas Chertemps
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Martine Maïbèche
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Steven J Marygold
- FlyBase, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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24
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Daneshian L, Schlachter C, Timmers LFSM, Radford T, Kapingidza B, Dias T, Liese J, Sperotto RA, Grbic V, Grbic M, Chruszcz M. Delta class glutathione S-transferase (TuGSTd01) from the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is inhibited by abamectin. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 176:104873. [PMID: 34119218 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
GSTs (Glutathione S-transferases) are known to catalyze the nucleophilic attack of the sulfhydryl group of reduced glutathione (GSH) on electrophilic centers of xenobiotic compounds, including insecticides and acaricides. Genome analyses of the polyphagous spider mite herbivore Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) revealed the presence of a set of 32 genes that code for secreted proteins belonging to the GST family of enzymes. To better understand the role of these proteins in T. urticae, we have functionally characterized TuGSTd01. Moreover, we have modeled the structure of the enzyme in apo form, as well as in the form with bound inhibitor. We demonstrated that this protein is a glutathione S-transferase that can conjugate glutathione to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). We have tested TuGSTd01 activity with a range of potential substrates such as cinnamic acid, cumene hydroperoxide, and allyl isothiocyanate; however, the enzyme was unable to process these compounds. Using mutagenesis, we showed that putative active site variants S11A, E66A, S67A, and R68A mutants, which were residues predicted to interact directly with GSH, have no measurable activity, and these residues are required for the enzymatic activity of TuGSTd01. There are several reports that associate some T. urticae acaricide resistance with increased activity of GSTs . However, we found that TuGSTd01 is not able to detoxify abamectin; in fact, the acaricide inhibits the enzyme with Ki = 101 μM. Therefore, we suggest that the increased GST activity observed in abamectin resistant T. urticae field populations is a part of the compensatory feedback loop. In this case, the increased production of GSTs and relatively high concentration of GSH in cells allow GSTs to maintain physiological functions despite the presence of the acaricide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leily Daneshian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Caleb Schlachter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | | | - Taylor Radford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Brenda Kapingidza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Travis Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jana Liese
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Raul Antonio Sperotto
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Taquari Valley - Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vojislava Grbic
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada; The University of La Rioja, Logrono, Spain
| | - Miodrag Grbic
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada; The University of La Rioja, Logrono, Spain
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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25
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Aguirre-Rojas LM, Scully ED, Trick HN, Zhu KY, Smith CM. Comparative analyses of transcriptional responses of Dectes texanus LeConte (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae fed on three different host plants and artificial diet. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11448. [PMID: 34075134 PMCID: PMC8169664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dectes texanus is an important coleopteran pest of soybeans and cultivated sunflowers in the Midwestern United States that causes yield losses by girdling stems of their host plants. Although sunflower and giant ragweed are primary hosts of D. texanus, they began colonizing soybeans approximately 50 years ago and no reliable management method has been established to prevent or reduce losses by this pest. To identify genes putatively involved when feeding soybean, we compared gene expression of D. texanus third-instar larvae fed soybean to those fed sunflower, giant ragweed, or artificial diet. Dectes texanus larvae differentially expressed 514 unigenes when fed on soybean compared to those fed the other diet treatments. Enrichment analyses of gene ontology terms from up-regulated unigenes in soybean-fed larvae compared to those fed both primary hosts highlighted unigenes involved in oxidoreductase and polygalacturonase activities. Cytochrome P450s, carboxylesterases, major facilitator superfamily transporters, lipocalins, apolipoproteins, glycoside hydrolases 1 and 28, and lytic monooxygenases were among the most commonly up-regulated unigenes in soybean-fed larvae compared to those fed their primary hosts. These results suggest that D. texanus larvae differentially expressed unigenes involved in biotransformation of allelochemicals, digestion of plant cell walls and transport of small solutes and lipids when feeding in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M Aguirre-Rojas
- Deparment of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92506, USA
| | - Erin D Scully
- Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS-CGAHR, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Harold N Trick
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - C Michael Smith
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
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26
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Nagare M, Ayachit M, Agnihotri A, Schwab W, Joshi R. Glycosyltransferases: the multifaceted enzymatic regulator in insects. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 30:123-137. [PMID: 33263941 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyse the reaction of glyco-conjugation of various biomolecules by transferring the saccharide moieties from an activated nucleotide sugar to nucleophilic glycosyl acceptor. In insects, GTs show diverse temporal and site-specific expression patterns and thus play significant roles in forming the complex biomolecular structures that are necessary for insect survival, growth and development. Several insects exhibit GT-mediated detoxification as a key defence strategy against plant allelochemicals and xenobiotic compounds, as well as a mechanism for pesticide cross-resistance. Also, these enzymes act as crucial effectors and modulators in various developmental processes of insects such as eye development, UV shielding, cuticle formation, epithelial development and other specialized functions. Furthermore, many of the known insect GTs have been shown to play a fundamental role in other physiological processes like body pigmentation, cuticular tanning, chemosensation and stress response. This review provides a detailed overview of the multifaceted functionality of insect GTs and summarizes numerous case studies associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nagare
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - M Ayachit
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - A Agnihotri
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (SABC), Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - W Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Center of Life and Food Science Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - R Joshi
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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27
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Xia J, Guo Z, Yang Z, Han H, Wang S, Xu H, Yang X, Yang F, Wu Q, Xie W, Zhou X, Dermauw W, Turlings TCJ, Zhang Y. Whitefly hijacks a plant detoxification gene that neutralizes plant toxins. Cell 2021; 184:1693-1705.e17. [PMID: 33770502 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants protect themselves with a vast array of toxic secondary metabolites, yet most plants serve as food for insects. The evolutionary processes that allow herbivorous insects to resist plant defenses remain largely unknown. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a cosmopolitan, highly polyphagous agricultural pest that vectors several serious plant pathogenic viruses and is an excellent model to probe the molecular mechanisms involved in overcoming plant defenses. Here, we show that, through an exceptional horizontal gene transfer event, the whitefly has acquired the plant-derived phenolic glucoside malonyltransferase gene BtPMaT1. This gene enables whiteflies to neutralize phenolic glucosides. This was confirmed by genetically transforming tomato plants to produce small interfering RNAs that silence BtPMaT1, thus impairing the whiteflies' detoxification ability. These findings reveal an evolutionary scenario whereby herbivores harness the genetic toolkit of their host plants to develop resistance to plant defenses and how this can be exploited for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Xia
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhaojiang Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zezhong Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haolin Han
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fengshan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, 8920 Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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28
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Ahn SJ, Marygold SJ. The UDP-Glycosyltransferase Family in Drosophila melanogaster: Nomenclature Update, Gene Expression and Phylogenetic Analysis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:648481. [PMID: 33815151 PMCID: PMC8010143 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.648481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are important conjugation enzymes found in all kingdoms of life, catalyzing a sugar conjugation with small lipophilic compounds and playing a crucial role in detoxification and homeostasis. The UGT gene family is defined by a signature motif in the C-terminal domain where the uridine diphosphate (UDP)-sugar donor binds. UGTs have been identified in a number of insect genomes over the last decade and much progress has been achieved in characterizing their expression patterns and molecular functions. Here, we present an update of the complete repertoire of UGT genes in Drosophila melanogaster and provide a brief overview of the latest research in this model insect. A total of 35 UGT genes are found in the D. melanogaster genome, localized to chromosomes 2 and 3 with a high degree of gene duplications on the chromosome arm 3R. All D. melanogaster UGT genes have now been named in FlyBase according to the unified UGT nomenclature guidelines. A phylogenetic analysis of UGT genes shows lineage-specific gene duplications. Analysis of anatomical and induced gene expression patterns demonstrate that some UGT genes are differentially expressed in various tissues or after environmental treatments. Extended searches of UGT orthologs from 18 additional Drosophila species reveal a diversity of UGT gene numbers and composition. The roles of Drosophila UGTs identified to date are briefly reviewed, and include xenobiotic metabolism, nicotine resistance, olfaction, cold tolerance, sclerotization, pigmentation, and immunity. Together, the updated genomic information and research overview provided herein will aid further research in this developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Steven J Marygold
- FlyBase, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Papapostolou KM, Riga M, Charamis J, Skoufa E, Souchlas V, Ilias A, Dermauw W, Ioannidis P, Van Leeuwen T, Vontas J. Identification and characterization of striking multiple-insecticide resistance in a Tetranychus urticae field population from Greece. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:666-676. [PMID: 33051974 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetranychus urticae is a notorious crop pest with a worldwide distribution that has developed resistance to a wide range of acaricides. Here, we investigated the resistance levels of a T. urticae population collected from an ornamental greenhouse in Peloponnese, Greece, and analyzed its resistance mechanisms at the molecular level. RESULTS Toxicological assays showed resistance against compounds with different modes of action, with resistance ratios of: 89-fold for abamectin; > 1000-fold for clofentezine; > 5000-fold for etoxazole; 27-fold for fenpyroximate and pyridaben; 20- and 36-fold for spirodiclofen and spirotetramat, respectively; and 116- and > 500-fold for cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, respectively. Bioassays with synergists indicated the involvement of detoxification enzymes in resistance to abamectin, but not to cyflumetofen and spirodiclofen. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed significant over-expression of several genes encoding detoxification enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and UDP-glycosyltransferases, which have been previously associated with acaricide resistance. Known target-site resistance mutations were identified in acetyl-choline esterase, chitin synthase 1 and NDUFS7/psst, but putative novel resistance mutations were also discovered in targets such as glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit 3. Interestingly, target-site resistance mutations against pyrethroids or bifenazate were not identified, possibly indicating a recent reduced selection pressure in Greece, as well as a possible opportunity to rotate these chemistries. CONCLUSION We identified and characterized a striking case of multiple acaricide resistance in a field population of T. urticae. Exceptionally strong resistance phenotypes, with accumulation of multiple resistance mutations and over-expression of P450s and other detoxification genes in the same field population are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Maria Papapostolou
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Riga
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jason Charamis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelia Skoufa
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilis Souchlas
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Ilias
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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30
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Co-Expression of a Homologous Cytochrome P450 Reductase Is Required for In Vivo Validation of the Tetranychus urticae CYP392A16-Based Abamectin Resistance in Drosophila. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11120829. [PMID: 33255521 PMCID: PMC7761253 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is one of the most damaging agricultural pests worldwide, feeding on over 1100 plant species and causing extensive damage to several crops. Chemical acaricides remain the most widely used strategy to control this pest. However, T. urticae has developed significant resistance to numerous acaricide compounds, due to certain features of mite biology and extensive acaricide applications that lead to the selection of resistant pests and subsequently the emergence of resistant populations. Several molecular/genetic mechanisms may contribute to these highly resistant phenotypes. Such mechanisms frequently involve expression of P450 detoxification enzymes, which act together with a partner protein named cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR). In this study, we investigated the potential of a mite P450 enzyme, CYP392A16, to confer resistance to the acaricide abamectin in vivo, when expressed in tissues of the model fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We confirmed that expression of this enzyme contributes to abamectin resistance in the fruit fly model, but only when a homologous mite CPR is co-expressed. Our findings indicate that the Drosophila model system can be engineered to facilitate validation of the candidate mite P450s, in order to elucidate resistance mechanisms and their underlying interactions. Abstract Overexpression of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP392A16 has been previously associated with abamectin resistance using transcriptional analysis in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, an important pest species worldwide; however, this association has not been functionally validated in vivo despite the demonstrated ability of CYP392A16 to metabolize abamectin in vitro. We expressed CYP392A16 in vivo via a Gal4 transcription activator protein/Upstream Activating Sequence (GAL4/UAS) system in Drosophila melanogaster flies, driving expression with detoxification tissue-specific drivers. We demonstrated that CYP392A16 expression confers statistically significant abamectin resistance in toxicity bioassays in Drosophila only when its homologous redox partner, cytochrome P450 reductase (TuCPR), is co-expressed in transgenic flies. Our study shows that the Drosophila model can be further improved, to facilitate the functional analysis of insecticide resistance mechanisms acting alone or in combination.
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31
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Guo L, Xie W, Yang Z, Xu J, Zhang Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Udp-Glucuronosyltransferases in the Whitefly Bemisia Tabaci (Gennadius) (HemipterA: Aleyrodidae). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228492. [PMID: 33187355 PMCID: PMC7697561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an important agricultural pest worldwide. Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are one of the largest and most ubiquitous groups of proteins. Because of their role in detoxification, insect UGTs are attracting increasing attention. In this study, we identified and analyzed UGT genes in B. tabaci MEAM1 to investigate their potential roles in host adaptation and reproductive capacity. Based on phylogenetic and structural analyses, we identified 76 UGT genes in the B. tabaci MEAM1 genome. RNA-seq and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed differential expression patterns of these genes at different developmental stages and in association with four host plants (cabbage, cucumber, cotton and tomato). RNA interference results of selected UGTs showed that, when UGT352A1, UGT352B1, and UGT354A1 were respectively silenced by feeding on dsRNA, the fecundity of B. tabaci MEAM1 was reduced, suggesting that the expressions of these three UGT genes in this species may be associated with host-related fecundity. Together, our results provide detailed UGTs data in B.tabaci and help guide future studies on the mechanisms of host adaptation by B.tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Guo
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China;
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (W.X.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (W.X.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zezhong Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (W.X.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Jianping Xu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China;
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (W.X.); (Z.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Y.Z.)
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32
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Greenhalgh R, Dermauw W, Glas JJ, Rombauts S, Wybouw N, Thomas J, Alba JM, Pritham EJ, Legarrea S, Feyereisen R, Van de Peer Y, Van Leeuwen T, Clark RM, Kant MR. Genome streamlining in a minute herbivore that manipulates its host plant. eLife 2020; 9:56689. [PMID: 33095158 PMCID: PMC7738191 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici, is among the smallest animals on earth. It is a worldwide pest on tomato and can potently suppress the host's natural resistance. We sequenced its genome, the first of an eriophyoid, and explored whether there are genomic features associated with the mite's minute size and lifestyle. At only 32.5 Mb, the genome is the smallest yet reported for any arthropod and, reminiscent of microbial eukaryotes, exceptionally streamlined. It has few transposable elements, tiny intergenic regions, and is remarkably intron-poor, as more than 80% of coding genes are intronless. Furthermore, in accordance with ecological specialization theory, this defense-suppressing herbivore has extremely reduced environmental response gene families such as those involved in chemoreception and detoxification. Other losses associate with this species' highly derived body plan. Our findings accelerate the understanding of evolutionary forces underpinning metazoan life at the limits of small physical and genome size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Greenhalgh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris J Glas
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stephane Rombauts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jainy Thomas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Juan M Alba
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ellen J Pritham
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Saioa Legarrea
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René Feyereisen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.,Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Merijn R Kant
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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33
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Xue W, Snoeck S, Njiru C, Inak E, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. Geographical distribution and molecular insights into abamectin and milbemectin cross-resistance in European field populations of Tetranychus urticae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2569-2581. [PMID: 32237053 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milbemectin and abamectin are frequently used to control the spider mite Tetranychus urticae. The development of abamectin resistance in this major pest has become an increasing problem worldwide, potentially compromising the use of milbemectin. In this study, a large collection of European field populations was screened for milbemectin and abamectin resistance, and both target-site and metabolic (cross-)resistance mechanisms were investigated. RESULTS High to very high levels of abamectin resistance were found in one third of all populations, while milbemectin resistance levels were low for most populations. The occurrence of well-known target-site resistance mutations in glutamate-gated chloride channels (G314D in GluCl1 and G326E in GluCl3) was documented in the most resistant populations. However, a new mutation, I321T in GluCl3, was also uncovered in three resistant populations, while a V327G and L329F mutation was found in GluCl3 of one resistant population. A differential gene-expression analysis revealed the overexpression of detoxification genes, more specifically cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) and UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes. Multiple UGTs were functionally expressed, and their capability to glycosylate abamectin and milbemectin, was tested and confirmed. CONCLUSIONS We found a clear correlation between abamectin and milbemectin resistance in European T. urticae populations, but as milbemectin resistance levels were low, the observed cross-resistance is probably not of operational importance. The presence of target-site resistance mutations in GluCl genes was confirmed in most but not all resistant populations. Gene-expression analysis and functional characterization of P450s and UGTs suggests that also metabolic abamectin resistance mechanisms are common in European T. urticae populations. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Xue
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Snoeck
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine Njiru
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emre Inak
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
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34
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Adesanya AW, Cardenas A, Lavine MD, Walsh DB, Lavine LC, Zhu F. RNA interference of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase increases susceptibilities to multiple acaricides in Tetranychus urticae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 165:104550. [PMID: 32359548 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a polyphagous pest feeding on over 1100 plant species, including numerous highly valued economic crops. The control of T. urticae largely depends on the use of acaricides, which leads to pervasive development of acaricide resistance. Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolic detoxification is one of the major mechanisms of acaricide resistance in T. urticae. NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) plays as a crucial co-factor protein that donates electron(s) to microsomal cytochrome P450s to complete their catalytic cycle. This study seeks to understand the involvement of CPR/P450 in acaricide resistance in T. urticae. The full-length cDNA sequence of T. urticae's CPR (TuCPR) was cloned and characterized. TuCPR was ubiquitously transcribed in different life stages of T. urticae and the highest transcription was observed in the nymph and adult stages. TuCPR was constitutively over-expressed in six acaricide resistant populations compared to a susceptible one. TuCPR transcriptional expression was also induced by multiple acaricides in a time-dependent manner. Down-regulation of TuCPR via RNA interference (RNAi) in T. urticae led to reduced enzymatic activities of TuCPR and cytochrome P450s, as well as a reduction of resistance to multiple acaricides, abamectin, bifenthrin, and fenpyroximate. The outcome of this study highlights CPR as a potential novel target for eco-friendly control of T. urticae and other related plant-feeding pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle W Adesanya
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Antonio Cardenas
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mark D Lavine
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Douglas B Walsh
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Laura C Lavine
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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35
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Dermauw W, Jonckheere W, Riga M, Livadaras I, Vontas J, Van Leeuwen T. Targeted mutagenesis using CRISPR-Cas9 in the chelicerate herbivore Tetranychus urticae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 120:103347. [PMID: 32114158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of CRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized functional genetic work in many organisms, including more and more insect species. However, successful gene editing or genetic transformation has not yet been reported for chelicerates, the second largest group of terrestrial animals. Within this group, some mite and tick species are economically very important for agriculture and human health, and the availability of a gene-editing tool would be a significant advancement for the field. Here, we report on the use of CRISPR-Cas9 in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae. The ovary of virgin adult females was injected with a mix of Cas9 and sgRNAs targeting the phytoene desaturase gene. Natural mutants of this laterally transferred gene have previously shown an easy-to-score albino phenotype. Albino sons of injected virgin females were mated with wild-type females, and two independent transformed lines where created and further characterized. Albinism inherited as a recessive monogenic trait. Sequencing of the complete target-gene of both lines revealed two different lesions at expected locations near the PAM site in the target-gene. Both lines did not genetically complement each other in dedicated crosses, nor when crossed to a reference albino strain with a known genetic defect in the same gene. In conclusion, two independent mutagenesis events were induced in the spider mite T. urticae using CRISPR-Cas9, hereby providing proof-of-concept that CRISPR-Cas9 can be used to create gene knockouts in mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Wim Jonckheere
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Riga
- Molecular Entomology Lab, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Livadaras
- Molecular Entomology Lab, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Molecular Entomology Lab, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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