1
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Blanchard A, Aminot M, Gould N, Léger A, Pichaud N. Flies on the rise: acclimation effect on mitochondrial oxidation capacity at normal and high temperatures in Drosophila melanogaster. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247706. [PMID: 38841909 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Increased average temperatures and extreme thermal events (such as heatwaves) brought forth by climate change impose important constraints on aerobic metabolism. Notably, mitochondrial metabolism, which is affected by both long- and short-term temperature changes, has been put forward as an important determinant for thermal tolerance of organisms. This study examined the influence of phenotypic plasticity on metabolic and physiological parameters in Drosophila melanogaster and the link between mitochondrial function and their upper thermal limits. We showed that D. melanogaster acclimated to 15°C have a 0.65°C lower critical thermal maximum (CTmax) compared with those acclimated to 24°C. Drosophila melanogaster acclimated to 15°C exhibited a higher proportion of shorter saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, concomitant with lower proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids. No mitochondrial quantitative changes (fractional area and number) were detected between acclimation groups, but changes of mitochondrial oxidation capacities were observed. Specifically, in both 15°C- and 24°C-acclimated flies, complex I-induced respiration was increased when measured between 15 and 24°C, but drastically declined when measured at 40°C. When succinate and glycerol-3-phosphate were added, this decrease was however compensated for in flies acclimated to 24°C, suggesting an important impact of acclimation on mitochondrial function related to thermal tolerance. Our study reveals that the use of oxidative substrates at high temperatures is influenced by acclimation temperature and strongly related to upper thermal tolerance as a difference of 0.65°C in CTmax translates into significant mitochondrial changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Blanchard
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB E1C8X3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Mélanie Aminot
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB E1C8X3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gould
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB E1C8X3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Adèle Léger
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB E1C8X3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB E1C8X3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
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2
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Léger A, Cormier SB, Blanchard A, Menail HA, Pichaud N. Investigating the thermal sensitivity of key enzymes involved in the energetic metabolism of three insect species. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247221. [PMID: 38680096 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The metabolic responses of insects to high temperatures have been linked to their mitochondrial substrate oxidation capacity. However, the mechanism behind this mitochondrial flexibility is not well understood. Here, we used three insect species with different thermal tolerances (the honey bee, Apis mellifera; the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster; and the potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata) to characterize the thermal sensitivity of different metabolic enzymes. Specifically, we measured activity of enzymes involved in glycolysis (hexokinase, HK; pyruvate kinase, PK; and lactate dehydrogenase, LDH), pyruvate oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (pyruvate dehydrogenase, PDH; citrate synthase, CS; malate dehydrogenase, MDH; and aspartate aminotransferase, AAT), and the electron transport system (Complex I, CI; Complex II, CII; mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mG3PDH; proline dehydrogenase, ProDH; and Complex IV, CIV), as well as that of ATP synthase (CV) at 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 45°C. Our results show that at high temperature, all three species have significantly increased activity of enzymes linked to FADH2 oxidation, specifically CII and mG3PDH. In fruit flies and honey bees, this coincides with a significant decrease of PDH and CS activity, respectively, that would limit NADH production. This is in line with the switch from NADH-linked substrates to FADH2-linked substrates previously observed with mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Thus, we demonstrate that even though the three insect species have a different metabolic regulation, a similar response to high temperature involving CII and mG3PDH is observed, denoting the importance of these proteins for thermal tolerance in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Léger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, CanadaE1A 3E9
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, CanadaE1C 8X3
| | - Simon B Cormier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, CanadaE1A 3E9
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, CanadaE1C 8X3
| | - Arianne Blanchard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, CanadaE1A 3E9
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, CanadaE1C 8X3
| | - Hichem A Menail
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, CanadaE1A 3E9
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, CanadaE1C 8X3
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, CanadaE1A 3E9
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, CanadaE1C 8X3
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3
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Hunter-Manseau F, Cormier SB, Strang R, Pichaud N. Fasting as a precursor to high-fat diet enhances mitochondrial resilience in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38514255 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Changes in diet type and nutrient availability can impose significant environmental stress on organisms, potentially compromising physiological functions and reproductive success. In nature, dramatic fluctuations in dietary resources are often observed and adjustments to restore cellular homeostasis are crucial to survive this type of stress. In this study, we exposed male Drosophila melanogaster to two modulated dietary treatments: one without a fasting period before exposure to a high-fat diet and the other with a 24-h fasting period. We then investigated mitochondrial metabolism and molecular responses to these treatments. Exposure to a high-fat diet without a preceding fasting period resulted in disrupted mitochondrial respiration, notably at the level of complex I. On the other hand, a short fasting period before the high-fat diet maintained mitochondrial respiration. Generally, transcript abundance of genes associated with mitophagy, heat-shock proteins, mitochondrial biogenesis, and nutrient sensing pathways increased either slightly or significantly following a fasting period and remained stable when flies were subsequently put on a high-fat diet, whereas a drastic decrease of almost all transcript abundances was observed for all these pathways when flies were exposed directly to a high-fat diet. Moreover, mitochondrial enzymatic activities showed less variation after the fasting period than the treatment without a fasting period. Overall, our study sheds light on the mechanistic protective effects of fasting prior to a high-fat diet and highlights the metabolic flexibility of Drosophila mitochondria in response to abrupt dietary changes and have implication for adaptation of species to their changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Hunter-Manseau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Simon B Cormier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Rebekah Strang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
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4
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Kilwein MD, Dao TK, Welte MA. Drosophila embryos allocate lipid droplets to specific lineages to ensure punctual development and redox homeostasis. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010875. [PMID: 37578970 PMCID: PMC10449164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that facilitate neutral lipid storage in cells, including energy-dense triglycerides. They are found in all investigated metazoan embryos where they are thought to provide energy for development. Intriguingly, early embryos of diverse metazoan species asymmetrically allocate LDs amongst cellular lineages, a process which can involve massive intracellular redistribution of LDs. However, the biological reason for asymmetric lineage allocation is unknown. To address this issue, we utilize the Drosophila embryo where the cytoskeletal mechanisms that drive allocation are well characterized. We disrupt allocation by two different means: Loss of the LD protein Jabba results in LDs adhering inappropriately to glycogen granules; loss of Klar alters the activities of the microtubule motors that move LDs. Both mutants cause the same dramatic change in LD tissue inheritance, shifting allocation of the majority of LDs to the yolk cell instead of the incipient epithelium. Embryos with such mislocalized LDs do not fully consume their LDs and are delayed in hatching. Through use of a dPLIN2 mutant, which appropriately localizes a smaller pool of LDs, we find that failed LD transport and a smaller LD pool affect embryogenesis in a similar manner. Embryos of all three mutants display overlapping changes in their transcriptome and proteome, suggesting that lipid deprivation results in a shared embryonic response and a widespread change in metabolism. Excitingly, we find abundant changes related to redox homeostasis, with many proteins related to glutathione metabolism upregulated. LD deprived embryos have an increase in peroxidized lipids and rely on increased utilization of glutathione-related proteins for survival. Thus, embryos are apparently able to mount a beneficial response upon lipid stress, rewiring their metabolism to survive. In summary, we demonstrate that early embryos allocate LDs into specific lineages for subsequent optimal utilization, thus protecting against oxidative stress and ensuring punctual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus D. Kilwein
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - T. Kim Dao
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Welte
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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5
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Rand MD, Tennessen JM, Mackay TFC, Anholt RRH. Perspectives on the Drosophila melanogaster Model for Advances in Toxicological Science. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e870. [PMID: 37639638 PMCID: PMC10463236 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of Drosophila melanogaster for studies of toxicology has grown considerably in the last decade. The Drosophila model has long been appreciated as a versatile and powerful model for developmental biology and genetics because of its ease of handling, short life cycle, low cost of maintenance, molecular genetic accessibility, and availability of a wide range of publicly available strains and data resources. These features, together with recent unique developments in genomics and metabolomics, make the fly model especially relevant and timely for the development of new approach methodologies and movements toward precision toxicology. Here, we offer a perspective on how flies can be leveraged to identify risk factors relevant to environmental exposures and human health. First, we review and discuss fundamental toxicologic principles for experimental design with Drosophila. Next, we describe quantitative and systems genetics approaches to resolve the genetic architecture and candidate pathways controlling susceptibility to toxicants. Finally, we summarize the current state and future promise of the emerging field of Drosophila metabolomics for elaborating toxic mechanisms. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Rand
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Trudy F. C. Mackay
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, South Carolina 29646, USA
| | - Robert R. H. Anholt
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, South Carolina 29646, USA
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6
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Moura-Silva J, Tavares MPS, Almeida-Oliveira F, Majerowicz D. Diet supplementation with egg yolk powder fattens the beetle Tribolium castaneum. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e22000. [PMID: 36656770 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Insects have become essential models in studying human metabolic diseases, mainly due to their low maintenance cost and available tools. Both mutations and modified diets induce metabolic states similar to human obesity and diabetes. Here, we explore the effect of a high-calorie, high-fat diet on the metabolism of the beetle Tribolium castaneum. Supplementation of the wheat flour diet with powdered egg yolk for 3 weeks increased the total triacylglycerol and accelerated larval development. In addition, this diet increased the triacylglycerol levels of adult beetles. However, this egg yolk supplementation did not alter the larvae's total glucose levels or lipogenic capacity and ATP citrate lyase activity. The diet also did not change the expression profile of several lipid and carbohydrate metabolism genes and insulin-like peptides. Thus, we conclude that the diet supplemented with egg yolk induces increased fat without causing diabetes phenotypes, as seen in other hypercaloric diets in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moura-Silva
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus P S Tavares
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - David Majerowicz
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular - INCT-EM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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7
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Cormier RJ, Doiron JA, Touaibia M, Surette ME, Pichaud N. Time-dependent metabolome and fatty acid profile changes following a high-fat diet exposure in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 152:103892. [PMID: 36493963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFDs) are often used to study metabolic disorders using different animal models. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms pertaining to the concurrent loss of metabolic homeostasis characteristics of these disorders are still unclear mainly because the effects of such diets are also dependent on the time frame of the experiments. Here, we used the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, to investigate the metabolic dynamic effects following 0, 2, 4, 7 and 9 days of an exposure to a HFD (standard diet supplemented with 20% w/v coconut oil, rich in 12:0 and 14:0) by combining NMR metabolomics and GC-FID fatty acid profiling. Our results show that after 2 days, the ingested 12:0 and 14:0 fatty acids are used for both lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. After 4 days, metabolites from several different pathways are highly modulated in response to the HFD, and an accumulation of 12:0 is also observed, suggesting that the balance of lipid, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism is profoundly perturbed at this specific time point. Following a longer exposure to the HFD (and notably after 9 days), an accumulation of many metabolites is observed indicating a clear dysfunction of the metabolic system. Overall, our study highlights the relevance of the Drosophila model to study metabolic disorders and the importance of the duration of the exposure to a HFD to study the dynamics of the fundamental mechanisms that control metabolism following exposure to dietary fats. This knowledge is crucial to understand the development and progression of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Cormier
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1 A 3E9, Canada
| | - Jeremie A Doiron
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1 A 3E9, Canada
| | - Mohamed Touaibia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1 A 3E9, Canada
| | - Marc E Surette
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1 A 3E9, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1 A 3E9, Canada.
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8
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Cormier SB, Léger A, Boudreau LH, Pichaud N. Overwintering in North American domesticated honeybees (Apis mellifera) causes mitochondrial reprogramming while enhancing cellular immunity. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:276355. [PMID: 35938391 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many factors negatively impact domesticated honeybee (Apis mellifera) health causing a global decrease in their population year after year with major losses occurring during winter, and the cause remains thus far unknown. Here, we monitored for 12 months North American colonies of honeybees enduring important temperature variations throughout the year, to assess the metabolism and immune system of honeybees of summer and winter individuals. Our results show that in flight muscle, mitochondrial respiration via complex I during winter is drastically reduced compared to summer. However, the capacity for succinate and glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) oxidation by mitochondria is increased during winter, resulting in higher mitochondrial oxygen consumption when complex I substrates, succinate and G3P were assessed altogether. Pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase tend to have reduced activity levels in winter unlike hexokinase, NADH dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. Transcript abundance of highly important immunity proteins like Vitellogenin and Defensin-1 were also increased in winter bees, and a stronger phagocytic response as well as a better hemocyte viability was observed during winter. Thus, a reorganization of substrate utilization favoring succinate and G3P while negatively affecting complex I of the ETS is occurring during winter. We suggest that this might be due to complex I transitioning to a dormant conformation through post-translational modification. Winter bees also have an increased response for antibacterial elimination in honeybees. Overall, this study highlights previously unknown cellular mechanisms between summer and winter honeybees that further our knowledge about this important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Cormier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada.,New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, E1C8X3, Canada
| | - Adèle Léger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada.,New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, E1C8X3, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada.,New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, E1C8X3, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada.,New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, E1C8X3, Canada
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9
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Menail HA, Cormier SB, Ben Youssef M, Jørgensen LB, Vickruck JL, Morin P, Boudreau LH, Pichaud N. Flexible Thermal Sensitivity of Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Substrate Oxidation in Flying Insect Species. Front Physiol 2022; 13:897174. [PMID: 35547573 PMCID: PMC9081799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.897174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have been suggested to be paramount for temperature adaptation in insects. Considering the large range of environments colonized by this taxon, we hypothesized that species surviving large temperature changes would be those with the most flexible mitochondria. We thus investigated the responses of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to temperature in three flying insects: the honeybee (Apis mellifera carnica), the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Specifically, we measured oxygen consumption in permeabilized flight muscles of these species at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 45°C, sequentially using complex I substrates, proline, succinate, and glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P). Complex I respiration rates (CI-OXPHOS) were very sensitive to temperature in honeybees and fruit flies with high oxygen consumption at mid-range temperatures but a sharp decline at high temperatures. Proline oxidation triggers a major increase in respiration only in potato beetles, following the same pattern as CI-OXPHOS for honeybees and fruit flies. Moreover, both succinate and G3P oxidation allowed an important increase in respiration at high temperatures in honeybees and fruit flies (and to a lesser extent in potato beetles). However, when reaching 45°C, this G3P-induced respiration rate dropped dramatically in fruit flies. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial functions are more resilient to high temperatures in honeybees compared to fruit flies. They also indicate an important but species-specific mitochondrial flexibility for substrate oxidation to sustain high oxygen consumption levels at high temperatures and suggest previously unknown adaptive mechanisms of flying insects’ mitochondria to temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem A Menail
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Simon B Cormier
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Mariem Ben Youssef
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | | | - Jess L Vickruck
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Pier Morin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
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10
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A pharmaceutical formulation containing Cecropia pachystachya alleviates metabolic alterations in a hypercaloric diet obesity model in Swiss mice. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Liu X, Liu H, Wang Y, Qian L, Chen F. Elevated CO 2 aggravates invasive thrip damage by altering its host plant nutrient and secondary metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 295:118736. [PMID: 34953953 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As atmospheric CO2 concentration continues to increase, plants using CO2 as raw materials for photosynthesis will inevitably be affected, which in turn affects the life history and behavior of herbivorous insects. Our previous research has shown increased food intake and aggravated damage of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis to kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) caused by elevated CO2 (eCO2), however the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear. In this study, the comparative transcriptome analysis combined with corresponding phenotypic changes were studied to reveal the molecular mechanism of interaction between F. occidentalis and P. vulgaris under eCO2. Inferred from the results, eCO2 had different degrees of inhibition to the defense responses caused by thrips infestation in P. vulgaris leaf sap based on nutrients, plant hormones and secondary metabolites, making P. vulgaris leaves less resistant to thrips under eCO2 compared to ambient CO2 (aCO2). Besides, the contents of glucose, trehalose, triglycerides and free fatty acids in F. occidentalis adults increased significantly after feeding on the P. vulgaris leaf sap with significantly increased soluble sugars content under eCO2, which might lead to glucolipid metabolic disorders and increased food intake of F. occidentalis adults. The results indicated that decreased plant defense of P. vulgaris and increased food intake of F. occidentalis adults were combined to aggravate the thrips damage under eCO2, providing a theoretical basis for future occurrence trend of thrips under eCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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12
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Phenotyping of Drosophila melanogaster—A Nutritional Perspective. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020221. [PMID: 35204721 PMCID: PMC8961528 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The model organism Drosophila melanogaster was increasingly applied in nutrition research in recent years. A range of methods are available for the phenotyping of D. melanogaster, which are outlined in the first part of this review. The methods include determinations of body weight, body composition, food intake, lifespan, locomotor activity, reproductive capacity and stress tolerance. In the second part, the practical application of the phenotyping of flies is demonstrated via a discussion of obese phenotypes in response to high-sugar diet (HSD) and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. HSD feeding and HFD feeding are dietary interventions that lead to an increase in fat storage and affect carbohydrate-insulin homeostasis, lifespan, locomotor activity, reproductive capacity and stress tolerance. Furthermore, studies regarding the impacts of HSD and HFD on the transcriptome and metabolome of D. melanogaster are important for relating phenotypic changes to underlying molecular mechanisms. Overall, D. melanogaster was demonstrated to be a valuable model organism with which to examine the pathogeneses and underlying molecular mechanisms of common chronic metabolic diseases in a nutritional context.
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Touaibia M, St-Coeur PD, Duff P, Faye DC, Pichaud N. 5-Benzylidene, 5-benzyl, and 3-benzylthiazolidine-2,4-diones as potential inhibitors of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier: Effects on mitochondrial functions and survival in Drosophila melanogaster. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 913:174627. [PMID: 34774497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) were synthesized and screened for their effect on the mitochondrial respiration as well as on several mitochondrial respiratory system components of Drosophila melanogaster. Substituted and non-substituted 5-benzylidene and 5-benzylthiazolidine-2,4-diones were investigated. The effect of a substitution in position 3, at the nitrogen atom, of the thiozolidine heterocycle was also investigated. The designed TZDs were compared to UK5099, the most potent mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) inhibitor, in in vitro and in vivo tests. Compared to 5-benzylthiazolidine-2,4-diones 6-7 and 3-benzylthiazolidine-2,4-dione 8, 5-benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-diones 2-5 showed more inhibitory capacity on mitochondrial respiration. 5-(4-Hydroxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (3) and 5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (5) were among the best compounds that compared well with UK5099. Additionally, TZDs 3 and 5, showed no effects on the non-coupled respiration and weak effects on pathways using substrates such as proline, succinate, and G3P. 5-Benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dione 3 showed a positive effect on survival and lifespan when added to Drosophila standard and high fat diet. Interestingly, analog 3 completely reversed the effects of high fat diet on Drosophila longevity and induced metabolic changes which suggests an in vivo inhibition of MPC at the mitochondrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Touaibia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.
| | | | - Patrick Duff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Diene Codou Faye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.
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Hraoui G, Breton S, Miron G, Boudreau LH, Hunter-Manseau F, Pichaud N. Mitochondrial responses towards intermittent heat shocks in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272029. [PMID: 34401903 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frequent heat waves caused by climate change can give rise to physiological stress in many animals, particularly in sessile ectotherms such as bivalves. Most studies characterizing thermal stress in bivalves focus on evaluating the responses to a single stress event. This does not accurately reflect the reality faced by bivalves, which are often subject to intermittent heat waves. Here, we investigated the effect of intermittent heat stress on mitochondrial functions of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, which play a key role in setting the thermal tolerance of ectotherms. Specifically, we measured changes in mitochondrial oxygen consumption and H2O2 emission rates before, during and after intermittent 7.5°C heat shocks in oysters acclimated to 15 and 22.5°C. Our results showed that oxygen consumption was impaired following the first heat shock at both acclimation temperatures. After the second heat shock, results for oysters acclimated to 15°C indicated a return to normal. However, oysters acclimated to 22.5°C struggled more with the compounding effects of intermittent heat shocks as denoted by an increased contribution of FAD-linked substrates to mitochondrial respiration as well as high levels of H2O2 emission rates. However, both acclimated populations showed signs of potential recovery 10 days after the second heat shock, reflecting a surprising resilience to heat waves by C. virginica. Thus, this study highlights the important role of acclimation in the oyster's capacity to weather intermittent heat shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Hraoui
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H2X 1Y4.,Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H2V 0B3
| | - Sophie Breton
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H2V 0B3
| | - Gilles Miron
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada, E1A 3E9
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada, E1A 3E9.,New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, Canada, E1C 8X3
| | - Florence Hunter-Manseau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada, E1A 3E9.,New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, Canada, E1C 8X3
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada, E1A 3E9.,New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB, Canada, E1C 8X3
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Toprak U, Musselman LP. From cellular biochemistry to systems physiology: New insights into insect lipid metabolism. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 133:103585. [PMID: 33915290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Umut Toprak
- Ankara University, Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey.
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