|
1
|
Oyama S, Zhang H, Ferdous R, Tomochika Y, Chen B, Jiang S, Islam MS, Hasan MM, Zhai Q, Waliullah ASM, Ping Y, Yan J, Mimi MA, Zhang C, Aramaki S, Takanashi Y, Kahyo T, Hashizume Y, Kaneda D, Setou M. UBL3 Interacts with PolyQ-Expanded Huntingtin Fragments and Modifies Their Intracellular Sorting. Neurol Int 2024; 16:1175-1188. [PMID: 39449505 PMCID: PMC11503352 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16060089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 10/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES UBL3 (Ubiquitin-like 3) is a protein that plays a crucial role in post-translational modifications, particularly in regulating protein transport within small extracellular vesicles. While previous research has predominantly focused on its interactions with α-synuclein, this study investigates UBL3's role in Huntington's disease (HD). HD is characterized by movement disorders and cognitive impairments, with its pathogenesis linked to toxic, polyglutamine (polyQ)-expanded mutant huntingtin fragments (mHTT). However, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between UBL3 and mHTT remain poorly understood. METHODS To elucidate this relationship, we performed hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on postmortem brain tissue from HD patients. Gaussia princeps-based split-luciferase complementation assay and co-immunoprecipitation were employed to confirm the interaction between UBL3 and mHTT. Additionally, we conducted a HiBiT lytic detection assay to assess the influence of UBL3 on the intracellular sorting of mHTT. Finally, immunocytochemical staining was utilized to validate the colocalization and distribution of these proteins. RESULTS Our findings revealed UBL3-positive inclusions in the cytoplasm and nuclei of neurons throughout the striatum of HD patients. We discovered that UBL3 colocalizes and interacts with mHTT and modulates its intracellular sorting. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that UBL3 may play a significant role in the interaction and sorting of mHTT, contributing to the understanding of its potential implications in the pathophysiology of Huntington's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soho Oyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
| | - Hengsen Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Rafia Ferdous
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
| | - Yuna Tomochika
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
| | - Shuyun Jiang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Md. Shoriful Islam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
| | - Md. Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
| | - Qing Zhai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
| | - A. S. M. Waliullah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
| | - Yashuang Ping
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
| | - Mst. Afsana Mimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
| | - Shuhei Aramaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
| | - Yusuke Takanashi
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
- Quantum Imaging Laboratory, Division of Research and Development in Photonics Technology, Institute of Photonics Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Yamanaka-19-14 Noyoricho, Toyohashi 441-8124, Aichi, Japan;
| | - Daita Kaneda
- Quantum Imaging Laboratory, Division of Research and Development in Photonics Technology, Institute of Photonics Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (S.O.); (H.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.T.); (B.C.); (S.J.); (M.S.I.); (M.M.H.); (Q.Z.); (A.S.M.W.); (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (M.A.M.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (T.K.)
- International Mass Imaging and Spatial Omics Center, Institute of Photonics Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Bhat AA, Moglad E, Afzal M, Thapa R, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Ali H, Pant K, Singh TG, Dureja H, Singh SK, Dua K, Gupta G, Subramaniyan V. Therapeutic approaches targeting aging and cellular senescence in Huntington's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e70053. [PMID: 39428700 PMCID: PMC11491556 DOI: 10.1111/cns.70053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is manifested by a gradual loss of physical, cognitive, and mental abilities. As the disease advances, age has a major impact on the pathogenic signature of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein aggregation. This review aims to explore the intricate relationship between aging, mHTT toxicity, and cellular senescence in HD. Scientific data on the interplay between aging, mHTT, and cellular senescence in HD were collected from several academic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Google, and ScienceDirect. The search terms employed were "AGING," "HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE," "MUTANT HUNTINGTIN," and "CELLULAR SENESCENCE." Additionally, to gather information on the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets, the search was extended to include relevant terms such as "DNA DAMAGE," "OXIDATIVE STRESS," and "AUTOPHAGY." According to research, aging leads to worsening HD pathophysiology through some processes. As a result of the mHTT accumulation, cellular senescence is promoted, which causes DNA damage, oxidative stress, decreased autophagy, and increased inflammatory responses. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and other substances are released by senescent cells, which may worsen the neuronal damage and the course of the disease. It has been shown that treatments directed at these pathways reduce some of the HD symptoms and enhance longevity in experimental animals, pointing to a new possibility of treating the condition. Through their amplification of the harmful effects of mHTT, aging and cellular senescence play crucial roles in the development of HD. Comprehending these interplays creates novel opportunities for therapeutic measures targeted at alleviating cellular aging and enhancing HD patients' quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad Bhat
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUttaranchal UniversityDehradunIndia
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of PharmacyPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl KharjSaudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy ProgramBatterjee Medical CollegeJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Riya Thapa
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUttaranchal UniversityDehradunIndia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyUmm Al‐Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyJouf UniversitySakakaAl‐JoufSaudi Arabia
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha UniversityChennaiIndia
- Department of PharmacologyKyrgyz State Medical CollegeBishkekKyrgyzstan
| | - Kumud Pant
- Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, India
| | | | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesMaharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtakIndia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjabIndia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of PharmacyChitkara UniversityRajpuraPunjabIndia
- Centre of Medical and Bio‐Allied Health Sciences ResearchAjman UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash UniversityBandar SunwaySelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
- Department of Medical SciencesSchool of Medical and Life Sciences Sunway UniversityBandar SunwaySelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Soares ES, Queiroz LY, Gerhardt E, Prediger RDS, Outeiro TF, Cimarosti HI. SUMOylation modulates mitochondrial dynamics in an in vitro rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 131:103969. [PMID: 39260456 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification essential for various biological processes. SUMO proteins bind to target substrates in a three-step enzymatic pathway, which is rapidly reversible by the action of specific proteases, known as SENPs. Studies have shown that SUMOylation is dysregulated in several human disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons, mitochondrial dysfunction, deficits in autophagy, and oxidative stress. Considering the potential neuroprotective roles of SUMOylation, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SENP3 knockdown in H4 neuroglioma cells exposed to rotenone, an in vitro model of cytotoxicity that mimics dopaminergic loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). The current data show that SENP3 knockdown increases SUMO-2/3 conjugates, which is accompanied by reduced levels of the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 and increased levels of the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1. Of high interest, SENP3 knockdown prevented rotenone-induced superoxide production and cellular death. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of SUMOylation in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and the neuroprotective potential of this modification in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ericks Sousa Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Letícia Yoshitome Queiroz
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rui Daniel S Prediger
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Helena Iturvides Cimarosti
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Ramazi S, Dadzadi M, Darvazi M, Seddigh N, Allahverdi A. Protein modification in neurodegenerative diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e674. [PMID: 39105197 PMCID: PMC11298556 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications play a crucial role in governing cellular functions and protein behavior. Researchers have implicated dysregulated posttranslational modifications in protein misfolding, which results in cytotoxicity, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease. These aberrant posttranslational modifications cause proteins to gather in certain parts of the brain that are linked to the development of the diseases. This leads to neuronal dysfunction and the start of neurodegenerative disease symptoms. Cognitive decline and neurological impairments commonly manifest in neurodegenerative disease patients, underscoring the urgency of comprehending the posttranslational modifications' impact on protein function for targeted therapeutic interventions. This review elucidates the critical link between neurodegenerative diseases and specific posttranslational modifications, focusing on Tau, APP, α-synuclein, Huntingtin protein, Parkin, DJ-1, and Drp1. By delineating the prominent aberrant posttranslational modifications within Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease, the review underscores the significance of understanding the interplay among these modifications. Emphasizing 10 key abnormal posttranslational modifications, this study aims to provide a comprehensive framework for investigating neurodegenerative diseases holistically. The insights presented herein shed light on potential therapeutic avenues aimed at modulating posttranslational modifications to mitigate protein aggregation and retard neurodegenerative disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Ramazi
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Maedeh Dadzadi
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Advanced Science and TechnologyTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Mona Darvazi
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Nasrin Seddigh
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Advanced Science and TechnologyTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Abdollah Allahverdi
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Queiroz LY, Kageyama R, Cimarosti HI. SUMOylation effects on neural stem cells self-renewal, differentiation, and survival. Neurosci Res 2024; 199:1-11. [PMID: 37742800 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) conjugation or SUMOylation, a post-translational modification, is a crucial regulator of protein function and cellular processes. In the context of neural stem cells (NSCs), SUMOylation has emerged as a key player, affecting their proliferation, differentiation, and survival. By modifying transcription factors, such as SOX1, SOX2, SOX3, SOX6, Bmi1, and Nanog, SUMOylation can either enhance or impair their transcriptional activity, thus impacting on NSCs self-renewal. Moreover, SUMOylation regulates neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation by modulating key proteins, such as Foxp1, Mecp2, MEF2A, and SOX10. SUMOylation is also crucial for the survival and proliferation of NSCs in both developing and adult brains. By regulating the activity of transcription factors, coactivators, and corepressors, SUMOylation acts as a molecular switch, inducing cofactor recruitment and function during development. Importantly, dysregulation of NSCs SUMOylation has been implicated in various disorders, including embryonic defects, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, glioma, and the harmful effects of benzophenone-3 exposure. Here we review the main findings on SUMOylation-mediated regulation of NSCs self-renewal, differentiation and survival. Better understanding NSCs SUMOylation mechanisms and its functional consequences might provide new strategies to promote neuronal differentiation that could contribute for the development of novel therapies targeting neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Yoshitome Queiroz
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Helena I Cimarosti
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, UFSC, Florianopolis, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Rani N, Sahu M, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Triaging between post-translational modification of cell cycle regulators and their therapeutics in neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102174. [PMID: 38135008 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, present challenges in healthcare because of their complicated etiologies and absence of healing remedies. Lately, the emerging role of post-translational modifications (PTMs), in the context of cell cycle regulators, has garnered big interest as a potential avenue for therapeutic intervention. The review explores the problematic panorama of PTMs on cell cycle regulators and their implications in neurodegenerative diseases. We delve into the dynamic phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, Glycation, and Neddylation that modulate the key cell cycle regulators, consisting of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and their inhibitors. The dysregulation of these PTMs is related to aberrant cell cycle in neurons, which is one of the factors involved in neurodegenerative pathologies. Moreover, the effect of exogenous activation of CDKs and CDK inhibitors through PTMs on the signaling cascade was studied in postmitotic conditions of NDDs. Furthermore, the therapeutic implications of CDK inhibitors and associated alteration in PTMs were discussed. Lastly, we explored the putative mechanism of PTMs to restore normal neuronal function that might reverse NDDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Rani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042
| | - Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042; Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, SRM University, Sonepat, Haryana, India.
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042.
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Zafar S, Fatima SI, Schmitz M, Zerr I. Current Technologies Unraveling the Significance of Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) as Crucial Players in Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2024; 14:118. [PMID: 38254718 PMCID: PMC10813409 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease, are identified and characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and neuronal dysfunction, resulting in cognitive and motor impairment. Recent research has shown the importance of PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, nitration, truncation, O-GlcNAcylation, and hydroxylation, in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. PTMs can alter protein structure and function, affecting protein stability, localization, interactions, and enzymatic activity. Aberrant PTMs can lead to protein misfolding and aggregation, impaired degradation, and clearance, and ultimately, to neuronal dysfunction and death. The main objective of this review is to provide an overview of the PTMs involved in neurodegeneration, their underlying mechanisms, methods to isolate PTMs, and the potential therapeutic targets for these disorders. The PTMs discussed in this article include tau phosphorylation, α-synuclein and Huntingtin ubiquitination, histone acetylation and methylation, and RNA modifications. Understanding the role of PTMs in neurodegenerative diseases may provide new therapeutic strategies for these devastating disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Department, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Bolan Road, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shehzadi Irum Fatima
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Mandel N, Büttner M, Poschet G, Kuner R, Agarwal N. SUMOylation Modulates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Levels and Acts as a Protective Mechanism in the Type 2 Model of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Cells 2023; 12:2511. [PMID: 37947589 PMCID: PMC10648122 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the prevalent type of peripheral neuropathy; it primarily impacts extremity nerves. Its multifaceted nature makes the molecular mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy intricate and incompletely elucidated. Several types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been implicated in the development and progression of DPN, including phosphorylation, glycation, acetylation and SUMOylation. SUMOylation involves the covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to target proteins, and it plays a role in various cellular processes, including protein localization, stability, and function. While the specific relationship between high blood glucose and SUMOylation is not extensively studied, recent evidence implies its involvement in the development of DPN in type 1 diabetes. In this study, we investigated the impact of SUMOylation on the onset and progression of DPN in a type 2 diabetes model using genetically modified mutant mice lacking SUMOylation, specifically in peripheral sensory neurons (SNS-Ubc9-/-). Behavioural measurement for evoked pain, morphological analyses of nerve fibre loss in the epidermis, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and antioxidant molecules were analysed over several months in SUMOylation-deficient and control mice. Our longitudinal analysis at 30 weeks post-high-fat diet revealed that SNS-Ubc9-/- mice exhibited earlier and more pronounced thermal and mechanical sensation loss and accelerated intraepidermal nerve fibre loss compared to control mice. Mechanistically, these changes are associated with increased levels of ROS both in sensory neuronal soma and in peripheral axonal nerve endings in SNS-Ubc9-/- mice. In addition, we observed compromised detoxifying potential, impaired respiratory chain complexes, and reduced levels of protective lipids in sensory neurons upon deletion of SUMOylation in diabetic mice. Importantly, we also identified mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH2) as a SUMOylation target, the activity of which is negatively regulated by SUMOylation. Our results indicate that SUMOylation is an essential neuroprotective mechanism in sensory neurons in type 2 diabetes, the deletion of which causes oxidative stress and an impaired respiratory chain, resulting in energy depletion and subsequent damage to sensory neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Mandel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.K.)
| | - Michael Büttner
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rohini Kuner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.K.)
| | - Nitin Agarwal
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Zhong Q, Xiao X, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Chen C, Chong B, Zhao X, Hai S, Li S, An Z, Dai L. Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e261. [PMID: 37143582 PMCID: PMC10152985 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain and long-chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xina Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yijie Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Baochen Chong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shan Hai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Chen DD, Shi Q, Liu X, Liang DL, Wu YZ, Fan Q, Xiao K, Chen C, Dong XP. Aberrant SENP1-SUMO-Sirt3 Signaling Causes the Disturbances of Mitochondrial Deacetylation and Oxidative Phosphorylation in Prion-Infected Animal and Cell Models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1610-1621. [PMID: 37092685 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of proteins, such as acetylation and SUMOylation, play important roles in regulation of protein functions and pathophysiology of different diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous studies have identified aberrant acetylation profiles and reduced deacetylases Sirt3 and Sirt1 in the brains of prion-infected mouse models. In this study, we have found that the levels of acetylated forms of AceCS2 and LCAD, the key enzymes regulating lipid metabolism, CS and IHD2, the key enzymes regulating complete oxidative metabolism, GDH, the key enzyme regulating the oxidative decomposition of glutamate into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and NDUFA9, the essential component in the complex I of respiratory chain activity, were significantly upregulated in the prion-infected animal and cell models, along with the decrease of Sirt3 activity and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity. Meanwhile, the increases of SUMO1 modifications and SUMO1-Sirt3 and decrease of SENP1 were identified in the brains and the cultured cells with prion infections. Removal of prion propagation in the cultured cells partially, but significantly, reversed the aberrant situations. Moreover, similar abnormal phenomena were also observed in the cultured 293 T cells transiently expressing cytosolic form PrP (Cyto-PrP), including decreased SENP1, increased SUMO1, decreased Sirt3 activity, increased acetylated forms of the key enzymes, and decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity. Attenuation of the accumulation of Cyto-PrP by co-expression of the p62 protein sufficiently diminished those abnormalities. The data here strongly indicate that deposits of prions in brains or accumulations of Cyto-PrP in cells trigger dysregulation of the SENP1-SUMO1-Sirt pathway and subsequently induce aberrant mitochondrial deacetylation and the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dong-Lin Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yue-Zhang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qin Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Beijing 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Shanghai 201517, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Chen X, He E, Su C, Zeng Y, Xu J. Huntingtin-associated protein 1-associated intracellular trafficking in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1100395. [PMID: 36824265 PMCID: PMC9941194 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1), the first identified HTT-binding partner, is highly expressed in the central nervous system, and has been found to associated with neurological diseases. Mounting evidence suggests that HAP1 functions as a component of cargo-motor molecules to bind various proteins and participates in intracellular trafficking. It is known that the failure of intracellular transport is a key contributor to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). The link between HAP1 and various NDs is supported by growing evidence. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the intracellular trafficking function of HAP1 and its involvement in NDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Xingxing Chen, ✉
| | - Enhao He
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chonglin Su
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Jiang Xu, ✉
| |
Collapse
|
|
12
|
White A, McGlone A, Gomez-Pastor R. Protein Kinase CK2 and Its Potential Role as a Therapeutic Target in Huntington's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1979. [PMID: 36009526 PMCID: PMC9406209 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HTT gene, for which no disease modifying therapies are currently available. Much of the recent research has focused on developing therapies to directly lower HTT expression, and while promising, these therapies have presented several challenges regarding administration and efficacy. Another promising therapeutic approach is the modulation of HTT post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are dysregulated in disease and have shown to play a key role in HTT toxicity. Among all PTMs, modulation of HTT phosphorylation has been proposed as an attractive therapeutic option due to the possibility of orally administering specific kinase effectors. One of the kinases described to participate in HTT phosphorylation is Protein Kinase CK2. CK2 has recently emerged as a target for the treatment of several neurological and psychiatric disorders, although its role in HD remains controversial. While pharmacological studies in vitro inhibiting CK2 resulted in reduced HTT phosphorylation and increased toxicity, genetic approaches in mouse models of HD have provided beneficial effects. In this review we discuss potential therapeutic approaches related to the manipulation of HTT-PTMs with special emphasis on the role of CK2 as a therapeutic target in HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|