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Oliveira da Silva MI, Santejo M, Babcock IW, Magalhães A, Minamide LS, Won SJ, Castillo E, Gerhardt E, Fahlbusch C, Swanson RA, Outeiro TF, Taipa R, Ruff M, Bamburg JR, Liz MA. α-Synuclein triggers cofilin pathology and dendritic spine impairment via a PrP C-CCR5 dependent pathway. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:264. [PMID: 38615035 PMCID: PMC11016063 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction and dementia are critical symptoms of Lewy Body dementias (LBD). Specifically, alpha-synuclein (αSyn) accumulation in the hippocampus leading to synaptic dysfunction is linked to cognitive deficits in LBD. Here, we investigated the pathological impact of αSyn on hippocampal neurons. We report that either αSyn overexpression or αSyn pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) treatment triggers the formation of cofilin-actin rods, synapse disruptors, in cultured hippocampal neurons and in the hippocampus of synucleinopathy mouse models and of LBD patients. In vivo, cofilin pathology is present concomitantly with synaptic impairment and cognitive dysfunction. Rods generation prompted by αSyn involves the co-action of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) and the chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). Importantly, we show that CCR5 inhibition, with a clinically relevant peptide antagonist, reverts dendritic spine impairment promoted by αSyn. Collectively, we detail the cellular and molecular mechanism through which αSyn disrupts hippocampal synaptic structure and we identify CCR5 as a novel therapeutic target to prevent synaptic impairment and cognitive dysfunction in LBD.
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Grants
- R01 AG049668 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 NS105774 NINDS NIH HHS
- R43 AG071064 NIA NIH HHS
- S10 OD025127 NIH HHS
- Applicable Funding Source FEDER - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020 – Operacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior in the framework of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028336 (PTDC/MED-NEU/28336/2017); National Funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia under the project IF/00902/2015; R&D@PhD from Luso-American Development Foundation (FLAD); FLAD Healthcare 2020; and Programme for Cooperation in Science between Portugal and Germany 2018/2019 (FCT/DAAD). Márcia A Liz is supported by CEECINST/00091/2018.
- FEDER - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020 – Operacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior in the framework of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028336 (PTDC/MED-NEU/28336/2017); National Funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia under the project IF/00902/2015; R&D@PhD from Luso-American Development Foundation (FLAD); FLAD Healthcare 2020; and Programme for Cooperation in Science between Portugal and Germany 2018/2019 (FCT/DAAD).
- Generous gifts to the Colorado State University Development Fund (J.R.B) and by the National Institutes on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R01AG049668, 1S10OD025127 (J.R.B), and R43AG071064 (J.R.B).
- National Institutes on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under award number RO1NS105774 (R.A.S).
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy - EXC 2067/1- 390729940) and SFB1286 (Project B8)
- Generous gifts to the Colorado State University Development Fund (J.R.B) and by the National Institutes on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R01AG049668, 1S10OD025127 (J.R.B), R43AG071064 (J.R.B)
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina I Oliveira da Silva
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, IBMC -Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Santejo
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, IBMC -Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaac W Babcock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Addiction Biology Group, IBMC -Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laurie S Minamide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Seok-Joon Won
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Erika Castillo
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Fahlbusch
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raymond A Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Scientific employee with an honorary contract at Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo Taipa
- Neuropathology Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
- Autoimmune and Neuroscience Research Group, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Michael Ruff
- Creative Bio-Peptides, Rockville, MD, 20854, USA
| | - James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Márcia A Liz
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, IBMC -Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
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2
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Galka D, Ali TT, Bast A, Niederleithinger M, Gerhardt E, Motosugi R, Sakata E, Knop M, Outeiro TF, Popova B, Braus GH. Inhibition of 26S proteasome activity by α-synuclein is mediated by the proteasomal chaperone Rpn14/PAAF1. Aging Cell 2024:e14128. [PMID: 38415292 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) into protein inclusions in degenerating brains. Increasing amounts of aggregated α-syn species indicate significant perturbation of cellular proteostasis. Altered proteostasis depends on α-syn protein levels and the impact of α-syn on other components of the proteostasis network. Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as eukaryotic reference organism to study the consequences of α-syn expression on protein dynamics. To address this, we investigated the impact of overexpression of α-syn and S129A variant on the abundance and stability of most yeast proteins using a genome-wide yeast library and a tandem fluorescent protein timer (tFT) reporter as a measure for protein stability. This revealed that the stability of in total 377 cellular proteins was altered by α-syn expression, and that the impact on protein stability was significantly enhanced by phosphorylation at Ser129 (pS129). The proteasome assembly chaperone Rpn14 was identified as one of the top candidates for increased protein stability by expression of pS129 α-syn. Elevated levels of Rpn14 enhanced the growth inhibition by α-syn and the accumulation of ubiquitin conjugates in the cell. We found that Rpn14 interacts physically with α-syn and stabilizes pS129 α-syn. The expression of α-syn along with elevated levels of Rpn14 or its human counterpart PAAF1 reduced the proteasome activity in yeast and in human cells, supporting that pS129 α-syn negatively affects the 26S proteasome through Rpn14. This comprehensive study into the alternations of protein homeostasis highlights the critical role of the Rpn14/PAAF1 in α-syn-mediated proteasome dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Galka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tariq T Ali
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Bast
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marie Niederleithinger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ryo Motosugi
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eri Sakata
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Knop
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Scientific employee with an honorary contract at Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Blagovesta Popova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Xylaki M, Paiva I, Al-Azzani M, Gerhardt E, Jain G, Islam MR, Vasili E, Wassouf Z, Schulze-Hentrich JM, Fischer A, Outeiro TF. miR-101a-3p Impairs Synaptic Plasticity and Contributes to Synucleinopathy. J Parkinsons Dis 2023; 13:179-196. [PMID: 36744345 PMCID: PMC10041420 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-225055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synucleinopathies are disorders characterized by the abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein (aSyn). Synaptic compromise is observed in synucleinopathies parallel to aSyn aggregation and is accompanied by transcript deregulation. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify microRNAs associated with synaptic processes that may contribute to synaptic dysfunction and degeneration in synucleinopathies. METHODS We performed small RNA-sequencing of midbrain from 6-month-old transgenic mice expressing A30P mutant aSyn, followed by comparative expression analysis. We then used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for validation. Functional analysis was performed in primary neurons by biochemical assays and imaging. RESULTS We found several deregulated biological processes linked to the synapse. miR-101a-3p was validated as a synaptic miRNA upregulated in aSyn Tg mice and in the cortex of dementia with Lewy bodies patients. Mice and primary cultured neurons overexpressing miR-101a-3p showed downregulation of postsynaptic proteins GABA Ab2 and SAPAP3 and altered dendritic morphology resembling synaptic plasticity impairments and/or synaptic damage. Interestingly, primary cultured neuron exposure to recombinant wild-type aSyn species efficiently increased miR-101a-3p levels. Finally, a dynamic role of miR-101a-3p in synapse plasticity was shown by identifying downregulation of miR-101a-3p in a condition of enhanced synaptic plasticity modelled in Wt animals housed in enriched environment. CONCLUSION To conclude, we correlated pathologic aSyn with high levels of miR-101a-3p and a novel dynamic role of the miRNA in synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Xylaki
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Paiva
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Present address: Laboratory of Cognitive and Adaptive Neuroscience, UMR 7364 (CNRS/ Strasbourg University), Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohammed Al-Azzani
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gaurav Jain
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eftychia Vasili
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zinah Wassouf
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - André Fischer
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Scientific employee with an honorary contract at German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Hassanzadeh K, Morrone C, Akhtari K, Gerhardt E, Zaccagnini L, Outeiro TF, Feligioni M. Non-SUMOylated alternative spliced isoforms of alpha-synuclein are more aggregation-prone and toxic. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 209:111759. [PMID: 36464085 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The exon skipping of α-Synuclein (α-Syn), the main constituent of the abnormal protein aggregation in Lewy bodies of Parkinson's disease (PD), forms four isoforms. In contrast to the full length α-Syn (α-Syn 140), little is known about the splice isoforms' properties and functions. SUMOylation, a post-translational modification, regulates α-Syn function, aggregation, and degradation, but information about α-Syn isoforms and the effect of SUMOylation on them is unknown. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the SUMOylation of α-Syn isoforms and its impact on cell death and α-Syn aggregation. In a cellular model of PD induced by rotenone, cell toxicity, SUMOylation, and α-Syn aggregation with or without isoforms overexpression were evaluated. First, rotenone induced cell toxicity and α-Syn aggregation, with a significant reduction of SUMOylation and autophagy. Boosting SUMOylation prevented α-Syn aggregation, phosphorylation and recovery of autophagy. Moreover, α-Syn 140 and α-Syn 126 were SUMOylated while the other two isoforms, α-Syn 112 and 98 were not and their overexpression showed that were more toxic and induced more α-Syn aggregation. Rotenone increased their toxicity that was not affected by boosting SUMOylation. These results may indicate a role of SUMOylation in modulating α-Syn aggregation, inducing to understanding more about the behavior of α-Syn isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keivan Akhtari
- Department of Physics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Natural Sciences, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Scientific employee with an honorary contract at German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marco Feligioni
- EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome 00161, Italy; Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico, Milan 20144, Italy.
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5
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Brás IC, Khani MH, Vasili E, Möbius W, Riedel D, Parfentev I, Gerhardt E, Fahlbusch C, Urlaub H, Zweckstetter M, Gollisch T, Outeiro TF. Molecular Mechanisms Mediating the Transfer of Disease-Associated Proteins and Effects on Neuronal Activity. J Parkinsons Dis 2022; 12:2397-2422. [PMID: 36278361 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various cellular pathways have been implicated in the transfer of disease-related proteins between cells, contributing to disease progression and neurodegeneration. However, the overall effects of protein transfer are still unclear. OBJECTIVE Here, we performed a systematic comparison of basic molecular mechanisms involved in the release of alpha-synuclein, Tau, and huntingtin, and evaluated functional effects upon internalization by receiving cells. METHODS Evaluation of protein release to the extracellular space in a free form and in extracellular vesicles using an optimized ultracentrifugation protocol. The extracellular effects of the proteins and extracellular vesicles in primary neuronal cultures were assessed using multi-channel electrophysiological recordings combined with a customized spike sorting framework. RESULTS We demonstrate cells differentially release free-forms of each protein to the extracellular space. Importantly, neuronal activity is distinctly modulated upon protein internalization in primary cortical cultures. In addition, these disease-related proteins also occur in extracellular vesicles, and are enriched in ectosomes. Internalization of ectosomes and exosomes by primary microglial or astrocytic cells elicits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and modifies spontaneous electrical activity in neurons. OBJECTIVE Overall, our study demonstrates that released proteins can have detrimental effects for surrounding cells, and suggests protein release pathways may be exploited as therapeutic targets in different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês C Brás
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad H Khani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eftychia Vasili
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iwan Parfentev
- Research Group Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Fahlbusch
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Research Group Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.,Department for NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Gollisch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,Scientific Employee with an Honorary Contract at German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Brás IC, Khani MH, Riedel D, Parfentev I, Gerhardt E, van Riesen C, Urlaub H, Gollisch T, Outeiro TF. Ectosomes and exosomes modulate neuronal spontaneous activity. J Proteomics 2022; 269:104721. [PMID: 36089191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators in intercellular communication. However, understanding the biological origin and functional effects of EVs subtypes has been challenging due to the moderate differences in their physical properties and absence of reliable markers. Here, we characterize the proteomes of ectosomes and exosomes using an improved differential ultracentrifugation protocol and quantitative proteomics. Our analyses revealed singular proteomic profiles for ectosomes and exosomes that enabled us to establish specific protein markers that can be used for their biochemical distinction. Cytoskeleton and glycolytic proteins are distinctively present in ectosomes, while endosomal sorting complexes proteins and tetraspanins are enriched in exosomes. Furthermore, annexin-A2 was identified as a specific marker for ectosomes derived from cell media and human cerebrospinal fluid. Expression of EGFP as a cytosolic reporter leads to its incorporation in EVs and enables their imaging with higher resolution. Assessment of neuronal network activity using multi-electrode array recordings demonstrated that spontaneous neuronal activity can be modulated by EVs. Ectosomes and exosomes internalization in neuronal cells disrupted their regular synchronized bursting activity, resulting in overall lower and more disorganized spiking activity. Our findings suggest that EVs cargoes reflect core intracellular processes, and their functional properties might regulate basic biological and pathological processes. SIGNIFICANCE: This article presents novel approaches for studying the origin, composition, and biological effects in neuronal activity of ectosomes and exosomes. Our findings suggest that EVs cargoes reflect core intracellular processes, and their functional properties might regulate basic biological and pathological processes. Ultimately, our study also forms the foundation for future biomarker studies and for the understanding of the molecular basis of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês C Brás
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad H Khani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iwan Parfentev
- Research Group Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph van Riesen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Research Group Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Gollisch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Scientific employee with an honorary contract at German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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7
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Queiroz DD, Ribeiro TP, Gonçalves JM, Mattos LMM, Gerhardt E, Freitas J, Palhano FL, Frases S, Pinheiro AS, McCann M, Knox A, Devereux M, Outeiro TF, Pereira MD. A water-soluble manganese(II) octanediaoate/phenanthroline complex acts as an antioxidant and attenuates alpha-synuclein toxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166475. [PMID: 35777688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces oxidative stress, a well-known process associated with aging and several human pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. A large number of synthetic compounds have been described as antioxidant enzyme mimics, capable of eliminating ROS and/or reducing oxidative damage. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of a water-soluble 1,10-phenantroline-octanediaoate Mn2+-complex on cells under oxidative stress, and assessed its capacity to attenuate alpha-synuclein (aSyn) toxicity and aggregation, a process associated with increased oxidative stress. This Mn2+-complex exhibited a significant antioxidant potential, reducing intracelular oxidation and increasing oxidative stress resistance in S. cerevisiae cells and in vivo, in G. mellonella, increasing the activity of the intracellular antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. Strikingly, the Mn2+-complex reduced both aSyn oligomerization and aggregation in human cell cultures and, using NMR and DFT/molecular docking we confirmed its interaction with the C-terminal region of aSyn. In conclusion, the Mn2+-complex appears as an excellent lead for the design of new phenanthroline derivatives as alternative compounds for preventing oxidative damages and oxidative stress - related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D Queiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; Rede de Micrologia RJ-FAPERJ, Brazil
| | - Thales P Ribeiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; Rede de Micrologia RJ-FAPERJ, Brazil
| | - Julliana M Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rede de Micrologia RJ-FAPERJ, Brazil
| | - Larissa M M Mattos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rede de Micrologia RJ-FAPERJ, Brazil
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Júlia Freitas
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Palhano
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Susana Frases
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Pinheiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Malachy McCann
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Andrew Knox
- The Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, Focas Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Michael Devereux
- The Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, Focas Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Scientific employee with an honorary contract at German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcos D Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rede de Micrologia RJ-FAPERJ, Brazil.
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8
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Torres-Garcia L, P Domingues JM, Brandi E, Haikal C, Mudannayake JM, Brás IC, Gerhardt E, Li W, Svanbergsson A, Outeiro TF, Gouras GK, Li JY. Monitoring the interactions between alpha-synuclein and Tau in vitro and in vivo using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2987. [PMID: 35194057 PMCID: PMC8863885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by pathological accumulation and aggregation of different amyloidogenic proteins, α-synuclein (aSyn) in PD, and amyloid-β (Aβ) and Tau in AD. Strikingly, few PD and AD patients' brains exhibit pure pathology with most cases presenting mixed types of protein deposits in the brain. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) is a technique based on the complementation of two halves of a fluorescent protein, which allows direct visualization of protein-protein interactions. In the present study, we assessed the ability of aSyn and Tau to interact with each other. For in vitro evaluation, HEK293 and human neuroblastoma cells were used, while in vivo studies were performed by AAV6 injection in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of mice and rats. We observed that the co-expression of aSyn and Tau led to the emergence of fluorescence, reflecting the interaction of the proteins in cell lines, as well as in mouse and rat SNpc. Thus, our data indicates that aSyn and Tau are able to interact with each other in a biologically relevant context, and that the BiFC assay is an effective tool for studying aSyn-Tau interactions in vitro and in different rodent models in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Torres-Garcia
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joana M P Domingues
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, The Clifford Albbutt Building, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edoardo Brandi
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Haikal
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Janitha M Mudannayake
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inês C Brás
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wen Li
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Alexander Svanbergsson
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Scientific Employee With an Honorary Contract at German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gunnar K Gouras
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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9
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Kampers J, Gerhardt E, Sibbertsen P, Flock T, Klapdor R, Hertel H, Jentschke M, Hillemanns P. Protective operative techniques in radical hysterectomy in early cervical carcinoma and their influence on disease-free and overall survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk groups. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 304:577-587. [PMID: 34021804 PMCID: PMC8325671 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy presents the standard treatment for early cervical cancer. Recently, studies have shown a superior oncological outcome for open versus minimal invasive surgery, however, the reasons remain to be speculated. This meta-analysis evaluates the outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic hysterectomy compared to open hysterectomy. Risk groups including the use of uterine manipulators or colpotomy were created. Methods Ovid-Medline and Embase databases were systematically searched in June 2020. No limitation in date of publication or country was made. Subgroup analyses were performed regarding the surgical approach and the endpoints OS and DFS. Results 30 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Five prospective, randomized-control trials were included. Patients were analyzed concerning the surgical approach [open surgery (AH), laparoscopic surgery (LH), robotic surgery (RH)]. Additionally, three subgroups were created from the LH group: the LH high-risk group (manipulator), intermediate-risk group (no manipulator, intracorporal colpotomy) and LH low-risk group (no manipulator, vaginal colpotomy). Regarding OS, the meta-analysis showed inferiority of LH in total over AH (0.97 [0.96; 0.98]). The OS was significantly higher in LH low risk (0.96 [0.94; 0.98) compared to LH intermediate risk (0.93 [0.91; 0.94]). OS rates were comparable in AH and LH Low-risk group. DFS was higher in the AH group compared to the LH group in general (0.92 [95%-CI 0.88; 0.95] vs. 0.87 [0.82; 0.91]), whereas the application of protective measures (no uterine manipulator in combination with vaginal colpotomy) was associated with increased DFS in laparoscopy (0.91 [0.91; 0.95]). Conclusion DFS and OS in laparoscopy appear to be depending on surgical technique. Protective operating techniques in laparoscopy result in improved minimal invasive survival. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00404-021-06082-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kampers
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Karl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - E Gerhardt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Karl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Sibbertsen
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Flock
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - R Klapdor
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Karl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Hertel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Karl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Jentschke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Karl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Hillemanns
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Karl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Brás IC, Dominguez-Meijide A, Gerhardt E, Koss D, Lázaro DF, Santos PI, Vasili E, Xylaki M, Outeiro TF. Synucleinopathies: Where we are and where we need to go. J Neurochem 2020; 153:433-454. [PMID: 31957016 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of disorders characterized by the accumulation of inclusions rich in the a-synuclein (aSyn) protein. This group of disorders includes Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), multiple systems atrophy, and pure autonomic failure (PAF). In addition, genetic alterations (point mutations and multiplications) in the gene encoding for aSyn (SNCA) are associated with familial forms of Parkinson's disease, the most common synucleinopathy. The Synuclein Meetings are a series that has been taking place every 2 years for about 12 years. The Synuclein Meetings bring together leading experts in the field of Synuclein and related human conditions with the goal of discussing and advancing the research. In 2019, the Synuclein meeting took place in Ofir, a city in the outskirts of Porto, Portugal. The meeting, entitled "Synuclein Meeting 2019: Where we are and where we need to go", brought together >300 scientists studying both clinical and molecular aspects of synucleinopathies. The meeting covered a many of the open questions in the field, in a format that prompted open discussions between the participants, and underscored the need for additional research that, hopefully, will lead to future therapies for a group of as of yet incurable disorders. Here, we provide a summary of the topics discussed in each session and highlight what we know, what we do not know, and what progress needs to be made in order to enable the field to continue to advance. We are confident this systematic assessment of where we stand will be useful to steer the field and contribute to filling knowledge gaps that may form the foundations for future therapeutic strategies, which is where we need to go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Caldeira Brás
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonio Dominguez-Meijide
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Koss
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Diana F Lázaro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrícia I Santos
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eftychia Vasili
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mary Xylaki
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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11
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Pinho R, Paiva I, Jercic KG, Fonseca-Ornelas L, Gerhardt E, Fahlbusch C, Garcia-Esparcia P, Kerimoglu C, Pavlou MAS, Villar-Piqué A, Szego É, Lopes da Fonseca T, Odoardi F, Soeroes S, Rego AC, Fischle W, Schwamborn JC, Meyer T, Kügler S, Ferrer I, Attems J, Fischer A, Becker S, Zweckstetter M, Borovecki F, Outeiro TF. Nuclear localization and phosphorylation modulate pathological effects of alpha-synuclein. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:31-50. [PMID: 30219847 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is a central player in Parkinson's disease (PD) but the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenicity remain unclear. It has recently been suggested that nuclear aSyn may modulate gene expression, possibly via interactions with DNA. However, the biological behavior of aSyn in the nucleus and the factors affecting its transcriptional role are not known. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying aSyn-mediated transcription deregulation by assessing its effects in the nucleus and the impact of phosphorylation in these dynamics. We found that aSyn induced severe transcriptional deregulation, including the downregulation of important cell cycle-related genes. Importantly, transcriptional deregulation was concomitant with reduced binding of aSyn to DNA. By forcing the nuclear presence of aSyn in the nucleus (aSyn-NLS), we found the accumulation of high molecular weight aSyn species altered gene expression and reduced toxicity when compared with the wild-type or exclusively cytosolic protein. Interestingly, nuclear localization of aSyn, and the effect on gene expression and cytotoxicity, was also modulated by phosphorylation on serine 129. Thus, we hypothesize that the role of aSyn on gene expression and, ultimately, toxicity, may be modulated by the phosphorylation status and nuclear presence of different aSyn species. Our findings shed new light onto the subcellular dynamics of aSyn and unveil an intricate interplay between subcellular location, phosphorylation and toxicity, opening novel avenues for the design of future strategies for therapeutic intervention in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pinho
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Paiva
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Gotovac Jercic
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Fahlbusch
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paula Garcia-Esparcia
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cemil Kerimoglu
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria A S Pavlou
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Villar-Piqué
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Éva Szego
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tomás Lopes da Fonseca
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Szabolcs Soeroes
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Laboratory of Chromatin Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Oxford Nanopore Technologies LTD, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Cristina Rego
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Wolfgang Fischle
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Laboratory of Chromatin Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Environmental Epigenetics Program, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Development and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- Department of Neurology, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johannes Attems
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - André Fischer
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Structural Biology in Dementia, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fran Borovecki
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Chronic Disease Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Masaracchia C, Hnida M, Gerhardt E, Lopes da Fonseca T, Villar-Pique A, Branco T, Stahlberg MA, Dean C, Fernández CO, Milosevic I, Outeiro TF. Membrane binding, internalization, and sorting of alpha-synuclein in the cell. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:79. [PMID: 30107856 PMCID: PMC6090819 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) plays a crucial role in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies, since it misfolds and accumulates in typical proteinaceous inclusions. While the function of aSyn is thought to be related to vesicle binding and trafficking, the precise molecular mechanisms linking aSyn with synucleinopathies are still obscure. aSyn can spread in a prion-like manner between interconnected neurons, contributing to the propagation of the pathology and to the progressive nature of synucleinopathies. Here, we investigated the interaction of aSyn with membranes and trafficking machinery pathways using cellular models of PD that are amenable to detailed molecular analyses. We found that different species of aSyn can enter cells and form high molecular weight species, and that membrane binding properties are important for the internalization of aSyn. Once internalized, aSyn accumulates in intracellular inclusions. Interestingly, we found that internalization is blocked in the presence of dynamin inhibitors (blocked membrane scission), suggesting the involvement of the endocytic pathway in the internalization of aSyn. By screening a pool of small Rab-GTPase proteins (Rabs) which regulate membrane trafficking, we found that internalized aSyn partially colocalized with Rab5A and Rab7. Initially, aSyn accumulated in Rab4A-labelled vesicles and, at later stages, it reached the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) where it gets degraded. In total, our study emphasizes the importance of membrane binding, not only as part of the normal function but also as an important step in the internalization and subsequent accumulation of aSyn. Importantly, we identified a fundamental role for Rab proteins in the modulation of aSyn processing, clearance and spreading, suggesting that targeting Rab proteins may hold important therapeutic value in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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13
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Pinho R, Guedes LC, Soreq L, Lobo PP, Mestre T, Coelho M, Rosa MM, Gonçalves N, Wales P, Mendes T, Gerhardt E, Fahlbusch C, Bonifati V, Bonin M, Miltenberger-Miltényi G, Borovecki F, Soreq H, Ferreira JJ, Outeiro TF. Correction: Gene Expression Differences in Peripheral Blood of Parkinson's Disease Patients with Distinct Progression Profiles. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190552. [PMID: 29284061 PMCID: PMC5746279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157852.].
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14
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Brasil AA, Magalhães RSS, De Carvalho MDC, Paiva I, Gerhardt E, Pereira MD, Outeiro TF, Eleutherio ECA. Implications of fALS Mutations on Sod1 Function and Oligomerization in Cell Models. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5269-5281. [PMID: 28884318 PMCID: PMC5948255 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS), 20% are associated with the Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Sod1). fALS is characterized by the accumulation of aggregated proteins and the increase in oxidative stress markers. Here, we used the non-invasive bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay in human H4 cells to investigate the kinetics of aggregation and subcellular localization of Sod1 mutants. We also studied the effect of the different Sod1 mutants to respond against oxidative stress by following the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Our results showed that only 30% of cells transfected with A4VSod1 showed no inclusions while for the other Sod1 mutants tested (L38V, G93A and G93C), this percentage was at least 70%. In addition, we found that 10% of cells transfected with A4VSod1 displayed more than five inclusions per cell and that A4V and G93A Sod1 formed inclusions more rapidly than L38V and G93C Sod1. Expression of WTSod1 significantly decreased the intracellular oxidation levels in comparison with expression of fALS Sod1 mutants, suggesting the mutations induce a functional impairment. All fALS mutations impaired nuclear localization of Sod1, which is important for maintaining genomic stability. Consistently, expression of WTSod1, but not of fALS Sod1 mutants, reduced DNA damage, as measured by the comet assay. Altogether, our study sheds light into the effects of fALS Sod1 mutations on inclusion formation, dynamics, and localization as well as on antioxidant response, opening novel avenues for investigating the role of fALS Sod1 mutations in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline A Brasil
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Departamento de Química, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeir, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, n 149, Bloco A - sala 547, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Rayne S S Magalhães
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Departamento de Química, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeir, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, n 149, Bloco A - sala 547, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Mariana D C De Carvalho
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Departamento de Química, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeir, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, n 149, Bloco A - sala 547, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Isabel Paiva
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcos D Pereira
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeir, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, n 149, Bloco A - sala 547, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Elis C A Eleutherio
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeir, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, n 149, Bloco A - sala 547, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil.
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15
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Szegő ÉM, Gerhardt E, Outeiro TF. Sirtuin 2 enhances dopaminergic differentiation via the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Marciniak E, Leboucher A, Caron E, Ahmed T, Tailleux A, Dumont J, Issad T, Gerhardt E, Pagesy P, Vileno M, Bournonville C, Hamdane M, Bantubungi K, Lancel S, Demeyer D, Eddarkaoui S, Vallez E, Vieau D, Humez S, Faivre E, Grenier-Boley B, Outeiro TF, Staels B, Amouyel P, Balschun D, Buee L, Blum D. Tau deletion promotes brain insulin resistance. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2257-2269. [PMID: 28652303 PMCID: PMC5551570 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathways underlying tau pathology-induced synaptic/cognitive deficits and neurodegeneration are poorly understood. One prevalent hypothesis is that hyperphosphorylation, misfolding, and fibrillization of tau impair synaptic plasticity and cause degeneration. However, tau pathology may also result in the loss of specific physiological tau functions, which are largely unknown but could contribute to neuronal dysfunction. In the present study, we uncovered a novel function of tau in its ability to regulate brain insulin signaling. We found that tau deletion leads to an impaired hippocampal response to insulin, caused by altered IRS-1 and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome 10) activities. Our data also demonstrate that tau knockout mice exhibit an impaired hypothalamic anorexigenic effect of insulin that is associated with energy metabolism alterations. Consistently, we found that tau haplotypes are associated with glycemic traits in humans. The present data have far-reaching clinical implications and raise the hypothesis that pathophysiological tau loss-of-function favors brain insulin resistance, which is instrumental for cognitive and metabolic impairments in Alzheimer's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Marciniak
- Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc, Lille, France.,LabEx DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease), Lille, France
| | - Antoine Leboucher
- Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc, Lille, France.,LabEx DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease), Lille, France
| | - Emilie Caron
- Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc, Lille, France
| | - Tariq Ahmed
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anne Tailleux
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011EGID, Lille, France
| | - Julie Dumont
- LabEx DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease), Lille, France.,Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Tarik Issad
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Pagesy
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Margaux Vileno
- Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc, Lille, France.,LabEx DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease), Lille, France
| | - Clément Bournonville
- Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc, Lille, France.,LabEx DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease), Lille, France
| | - Malika Hamdane
- Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc, Lille, France.,LabEx DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease), Lille, France
| | - Kadiombo Bantubungi
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011EGID, Lille, France
| | - Steve Lancel
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011EGID, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Demeyer
- Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc, Lille, France.,LabEx DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease), Lille, France
| | - Sabiha Eddarkaoui
- Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc, Lille, France.,LabEx DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease), Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011EGID, Lille, France
| | - Didier Vieau
- Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc, Lille, France.,LabEx DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease), Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Humez
- Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc, Lille, France.,LabEx DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease), Lille, France
| | - Emilie Faivre
- Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc, Lille, France.,LabEx DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease), Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- LabEx DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease), Lille, France.,Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bart Staels
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011EGID, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- LabEx DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease), Lille, France.,Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Detlef Balschun
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Buee
- Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc, Lille, France.,LabEx DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease), Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc, Lille, France .,LabEx DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease), Lille, France
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17
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de Oliveira RM, Vicente Miranda H, Francelle L, Pinho R, Szegö ÉM, Martinho R, Munari F, Lázaro DF, Moniot S, Guerreiro P, Fonseca-Ornelas L, Marijanovic Z, Antas P, Gerhardt E, Enguita FJ, Fauvet B, Penque D, Pais TF, Tong Q, Becker S, Kügler S, Lashuel HA, Steegborn C, Zweckstetter M, Outeiro TF. Correction: The mechanism of sirtuin 2-mediated exacerbation of alpha-synuclein toxicity in models of Parkinson disease. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e1002601. [PMID: 28379951 PMCID: PMC5381757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Paiva I, Pinho R, Pavlou MA, Hennion M, Wales P, Schütz AL, Rajput A, Szegő ÉM, Kerimoglu C, Gerhardt E, Rego AC, Fischer A, Bonn S, Outeiro TF. Sodium butyrate rescues dopaminergic cells from alpha-synuclein-induced transcriptional deregulation and DNA damage. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2231-2246. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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19
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de Oliveira RM, Vicente Miranda H, Francelle L, Pinho R, Szegö ÉM, Martinho R, Munari F, Lázaro DF, Moniot S, Guerreiro P, Fonseca L, Marijanovic Z, Antas P, Gerhardt E, Enguita FJ, Fauvet B, Penque D, Pais TF, Tong Q, Becker S, Kügler S, Lashuel HA, Steegborn C, Zweckstetter M, Outeiro TF. The mechanism of sirtuin 2-mediated exacerbation of alpha-synuclein toxicity in models of Parkinson disease. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2000374. [PMID: 28257421 PMCID: PMC5336201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin genes have been associated with aging and are known to affect multiple cellular pathways. Sirtuin 2 was previously shown to modulate proteotoxicity associated with age-associated neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease (PD). However, the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we provide mechanistic insight into the interplay between sirtuin 2 and α-synuclein, the major component of the pathognomonic protein inclusions in PD and other synucleinopathies. We found that α-synuclein is acetylated on lysines 6 and 10 and that these residues are deacetylated by sirtuin 2. Genetic manipulation of sirtuin 2 levels in vitro and in vivo modulates the levels of α-synuclein acetylation, its aggregation, and autophagy. Strikingly, mutants blocking acetylation exacerbate α-synuclein toxicity in vivo, in the substantia nigra of rats. Our study identifies α-synuclein acetylation as a key regulatory mechanism governing α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity, demonstrating the potential therapeutic value of sirtuin 2 inhibition in synucleinopathies. Parkinson disease is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons from a region in the brain known as the substantia nigra and by the accumulation of the protein alpha-synuclein in intracellular clumps called inclusions. Whether these inclusions are the cause or a consequence of the pathological processes is still unclear. Sirtuin proteins are considered master regulators of the ageing process and have previously been associated with neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated the interplay between sirtuin 2 and alpha-synuclein in order to dissect the molecular mechanisms associated with protection against alpha-synuclein toxicity. We found that sirtuin 2 interacted with and removed acetyl groups from alpha-synuclein. By decreasing the levels of sirtuin 2, or by expressing mutant versions of alpha-synuclein that modulate its acetylation status, we found that acetylation reduces the aggregation of alpha-synuclein and its cytotoxicity in vitro. Next, we evaluated whether genetic inhibition of sirtuin 2 could prevent the deleterious effects of alpha-synuclein in vivo and found that, in two different models of Parkinson disease, deletion of sirtuin 2 was neuroprotective. Our data therefore suggest that strategies aimed at decreasing sirtuin 2 activity might prove valuable therapeutic avenues for intervention in Parkinson disease and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Machado de Oliveira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Vicente Miranda
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Francelle
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raquel Pinho
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Éva M. Szegö
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Renato Martinho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francesca Munari
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana F. Lázaro
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sébastien Moniot
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Patrícia Guerreiro
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luis Fonseca
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zrinka Marijanovic
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Antas
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Francisco Javier Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Fauvet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Penque
- Laboratório de Proteómica, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Faria Pais
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Qiang Tong
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hilal Ahmed Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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20
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Pinho R, Guedes LC, Soreq L, Lobo PP, Mestre T, Coelho M, Rosa MM, Gonçalves N, Wales P, Mendes T, Gerhardt E, Fahlbusch C, Bonifati V, Bonin M, Miltenberger-Miltényi G, Borovecki F, Soreq H, Ferreira JJ, F. Outeiro T. Gene Expression Differences in Peripheral Blood of Parkinson's Disease Patients with Distinct Progression Profiles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157852. [PMID: 27322389 PMCID: PMC4913914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of neurodegenerative disorders is clinically challenging due to the inexistence of established biomarkers for predicting disease progression. Here, we performed an exploratory cross-sectional, case-control study aimed at determining whether gene expression differences in peripheral blood may be used as a signature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) progression, thereby shedding light into potential molecular mechanisms underlying disease development. We compared transcriptional profiles in the blood from 34 PD patients who developed postural instability within ten years with those of 33 patients who did not develop postural instability within this time frame. Our study identified >200 differentially expressed genes between the two groups. The expression of several of the genes identified was previously found deregulated in animal models of PD and in PD patients. Relevant genes were selected for validation by real-time PCR in a subset of patients. The genes validated were linked to nucleic acid metabolism, mitochondria, immune response and intracellular-transport. Interestingly, we also found deregulation of these genes in a dopaminergic cell model of PD, a simple paradigm that can now be used to further dissect the role of these molecular players on dopaminergic cell loss. Altogether, our study provides preliminary evidence that expression changes in specific groups of genes and pathways, detected in peripheral blood samples, may be correlated with differential PD progression. Our exploratory study suggests that peripheral gene expression profiling may prove valuable for assisting in prediction of PD prognosis, and identifies novel culprits possibly involved in dopaminergic cell death. Given the exploratory nature of our study, further investigations using independent, well-characterized cohorts will be essential in order to validate our candidates as predictors of PD prognosis and to definitively confirm the value of gene expression analysis in aiding patient stratification and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pinho
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonor C. Guedes
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lilach Soreq
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, The Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrícia P. Lobo
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago Mestre
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Coelho
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário M. Rosa
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nilza Gonçalves
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pauline Wales
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Tiago Mendes
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Christiane Fahlbusch
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Bonin
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Miltenberger-Miltényi
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fran Borovecki
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Life Sciences Institute, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joaquim J. Ferreira
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail: (TFO); (JJF)
| | - Tiago F. Outeiro
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail: (TFO); (JJF)
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21
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Oliveira LMA, Falomir-Lockhart LJ, Botelho MG, Lin KH, Wales P, Koch JC, Gerhardt E, Taschenberger H, Outeiro TF, Lingor P, Schüle B, Arndt-Jovin DJ, Jovin TM. Elevated α-synuclein caused by SNCA gene triplication impairs neuronal differentiation and maturation in Parkinson's patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1994. [PMID: 26610207 PMCID: PMC4670926 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have assessed the impact of α-synuclein overexpression on the differentiation potential and phenotypic signatures of two neural-committed induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from a Parkinson's disease patient with a triplication of the human SNCA genomic locus. In parallel, comparative studies were performed on two control lines derived from healthy individuals and lines generated from the patient iPS-derived neuroprogenitor lines infected with a lentivirus incorporating a small hairpin RNA to knock down the SNCA mRNA. The SNCA triplication lines exhibited a reduced capacity to differentiate into dopaminergic or GABAergic neurons and decreased neurite outgrowth and lower neuronal activity compared with control cultures. This delayed maturation phenotype was confirmed by gene expression profiling, which revealed a significant reduction in mRNA for genes implicated in neuronal differentiation such as delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1), gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 (GABABR2), nuclear receptor related 1 protein (NURR1), G-protein-regulated inward-rectifier potassium channel 2 (GIRK-2) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The differentiated patient cells also demonstrated increased autophagic flux when stressed with chloroquine. We conclude that a two-fold overexpression of α-synuclein caused by a triplication of the SNCA gene is sufficient to impair the differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells, a finding with implications for adult neurogenesis and Parkinson's disease progression, particularly in the context of bioenergetic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M A Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - L J Falomir-Lockhart
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M G Botelho
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K-H Lin
- Group of Membrane Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - P Wales
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Waldweg 33, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J C Koch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, Germany
| | - E Gerhardt
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Waldweg 33, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Taschenberger
- Group of Membrane Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG-Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - T F Outeiro
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Waldweg 33, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG-Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - P Lingor
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG-Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Schüle
- The Parkinson's Institute, 675 Almanor Ave., Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - D J Arndt-Jovin
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T M Jovin
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am FaÃberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany. Tel: +49 551 201 1381; Fax: +49 551 201 1467; E-mail:
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Tenreiro S, Rosado-Ramos R, Gerhardt E, Favretto F, Magalhães F, Popova B, Becker S, Zweckstetter M, Braus GH, Outeiro TF. Yeast reveals similar molecular mechanisms underlying alpha- and beta-synuclein toxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:275-90. [PMID: 26586132 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synucleins belong to a family of intrinsically unstructured proteins that includes alpha-synuclein (aSyn), beta-synuclein (bSyn) and gamma-synuclein (gSyn). aSyn is the most studied member of the synuclein family due to its central role in genetic and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders known as synucleionopathies. In contrast, bSyn and gSyn have been less studied, but recent reports also suggest that, unexpectedly, these proteins may also cause neurotoxicity. Here, we explored the yeast toolbox to investigate the cellular effects of bSyn and gSyn. We found that bSyn is toxic and forms cytosolic inclusions that are similar to those formed by aSyn. Moreover, we found that bSyn shares similar toxicity mechanisms with aSyn, including vesicular trafficking impairment and induction of oxidative stress. We demonstrate that co-expression of aSyn and bSyn exacerbates cytotoxicity, due to increased dosage of toxic synuclein forms, and that they are able to form heterodimers in both yeast and in human cells. In contrast, gSyn is not toxic and does not form inclusions in yeast cells. Altogether, our findings shed light into the question of whether bSyn can exert toxic effects and confirms the occurrence of aSyn/bSyn heterodimers, opening novel perspectives for the development of novel strategies for therapeutic intervention in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tenreiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal, CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,
| | | | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Filippo Favretto
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Blagovesta Popova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology & Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany and
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany and DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology & Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany,
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23
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Muth IE, Zschüntzsch J, Kleinschnitz K, Wrede A, Gerhardt E, Balcarek P, Schreiber-Katz O, Zierz S, Dalakas MC, Voll RE, Schmidt J. HMGB1 and RAGE in skeletal muscle inflammation: Implications for protein accumulation in inclusion body myositis. Exp Neurol 2015; 271:189-97. [PMID: 26048613 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with protein accumulation in IBM, but precise mechanisms are elusive. The "alarmin" HMGB1 is upregulated in muscle inflammation. Its receptor RAGE is crucial for β-amyloid-associated neurodegeneration. Relevant signaling via HMGB1/RAGE is expected in IBM pathology. By real-time-PCR, mRNA-expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE were upregulated in muscle biopsies of patients with IBM and PM, but not in muscular dystrophy or non-myopathic controls. By immunohistochemistry, both molecules displayed the highest signal in IBM, where they distinctly co-localized to intra-fiber accumulations of β-amyloid and neurofilament/tau. In these fibers, identification of phosphorylated Erk suggested that relevant downstream activation is present upon HMGB1 signaling via RAGE. Protein expressions of HMGB1, RAGE, Erk and phosphorylated Erk were confirmed by Western blot. In a well established cell-culture model for pro-inflammatory cell-stress, exposure of human muscle-cells to IL-1β+IFN-γ induced cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1 and subsequent release as evidenced by ELISA. Upregulation of RAGE on the cell surface was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and flow-cytometry. Recombinant HMGB1 was equally potent as IL-1β+IFN-γ in causing amyloid-accumulation and cell-death, and both were abrogated by the HMGB1-blocker BoxA. The findings strengthen the concept of unique interactions between degenerative and inflammatory mechanisms and suggest that HMGB1/RAGE signaling is a critical pathway in IBM pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid E Muth
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jana Zschüntzsch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konstanze Kleinschnitz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neuroimmunology, Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Hertie Foundation, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arne Wrede
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Balcarek
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olivia Schreiber-Katz
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of München, München, Germany
| | - Stephan Zierz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Halle/Saale, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Marinos C Dalakas
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Reinhard E Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neuroimmunology, Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Hertie Foundation, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
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24
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Lázaro DF, Rodrigues EF, Langohr R, Shahpasandzadeh H, Ribeiro T, Guerreiro P, Gerhardt E, Kröhnert K, Klucken J, Pereira MD, Popova B, Kruse N, Mollenhauer B, Rizzoli SO, Braus GH, Danzer KM, Outeiro TF. Systematic comparison of the effects of alpha-synuclein mutations on its oligomerization and aggregation. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004741. [PMID: 25393002 PMCID: PMC4230739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of alpha-synuclein (ASYN) in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites is the typical pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. Furthermore, mutations in the gene encoding for ASYN are associated with familial and sporadic forms of PD, suggesting this protein plays a central role in the disease. However, the precise contribution of ASYN to neuronal dysfunction and death is unclear. There is intense debate about the nature of the toxic species of ASYN and little is known about the molecular determinants of oligomerization and aggregation of ASYN in the cell. In order to clarify the effects of different mutations on the propensity of ASYN to oligomerize and aggregate, we assembled a panel of 19 ASYN variants and compared their behaviour. We found that familial mutants linked to PD (A30P, E46K, H50Q, G51D and A53T) exhibited identical propensities to oligomerize in living cells, but had distinct abilities to form inclusions. While the A30P mutant reduced the percentage of cells with inclusions, the E46K mutant had the opposite effect. Interestingly, artificial proline mutants designed to interfere with the helical structure of the N-terminal domain, showed increased propensity to form oligomeric species rather than inclusions. Moreover, lysine substitution mutants increased oligomerization and altered the pattern of aggregation. Altogether, our data shed light into the molecular effects of ASYN mutations in a cellular context, and established a common ground for the study of genetic and pharmacological modulators of the aggregation process, opening new perspectives for therapeutic intervention in PD and other synucleinopathies. The accumulation of aggregated proteins in the brain is common across several neurodegenerative disorders. In Parkinson's disease (PD), the protein alpha-synuclein (ASYN) is the major component of aggregates known as Lewy bodies. It is currently unclear whether protein aggregates are protective or detrimental for neuronal function and survival. The present hypothesis is that smaller aggregated species, known as oligomers, might constitute the toxic forms of ASYN. Several mutations in ASYN cause familial forms of PD. In the laboratory, artificial mutations have been designed to enable the study of the aggregation process. However, different studies relied on the use of different model systems, compromising the interpretation of the effects of the mutations. Here, we addressed this by (i) assembling a panel of 19 ASYN variants and (ii) by performing a systematic comparison of the effects of the mutations in mammalian cell models. Interestingly, our study enabled us to correlate oligomerization and aggregation of ASYN in cells. Altogether, our data shed light into the molecular determinants of ASYN aggregation, opening novel avenues for the identification of modulators of ASYN aggregation, which conceal great hopes towards the development of strategies for therapeutic intervention in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana F. Lázaro
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain University Medical Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Eva F. Rodrigues
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain University Medical Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Hedieh Shahpasandzadeh
- Georg August University, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thales Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Citotoxicidade e Genotoxicidade, Departamento de Bioquímica - Instituto de Química Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Guerreiro
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain University Medical Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain University Medical Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kröhnert
- Department of Neuro and Sensory Physiology, University of Göttingen Medical Center c/o European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Klucken
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangan, Germany
| | - Marcos D. Pereira
- Laboratório de Citotoxicidade e Genotoxicidade, Departamento de Bioquímica - Instituto de Química Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Blagovesta Popova
- Georg August University, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Niels Kruse
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- The Department for neurosurgery at UMG and Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | - Silvio O. Rizzoli
- Department of Neuro and Sensory Physiology, University of Göttingen Medical Center c/o European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H. Braus
- Georg August University, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Tiago F. Outeiro
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain University Medical Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Laboratório de Citotoxicidade e Genotoxicidade, Departamento de Bioquímica - Instituto de Química Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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25
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Blum D, Herrera F, Francelle L, Mendes T, Basquin M, Obriot H, Demeyer D, Sergeant N, Gerhardt E, Brouillet E, Buée L, Outeiro TF. Mutant huntingtin alters Tau phosphorylation and subcellular distribution. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:76-85. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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26
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Rabinovitz BC, Gerhardt E, Tironi Farinati C, Abdala A, Galarza R, Vilte DA, Ibarra C, Cataldi A, Mercado EC. Vaccination of pregnant cows with EspA, EspB, γ-intimin, and Shiga toxin 2 proteins from Escherichia coli O157:H7 induces high levels of specific colostral antibodies that are transferred to newborn calves. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3318-26. [PMID: 22612965 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a major cause of intestinal disease and hemolytic uremic syndrome, a serious systemic complication that particularly affects children. Cattle are primary reservoirs for EHEC O157:H7 and the main source of infection for humans. Vaccination of cattle with different combinations of bacterial virulence factors has shown efficacy in decreasing EHEC O157:H7 shedding. It is, therefore, important to demonstrate whether vaccination of pregnant cows with EHEC O157:H7 induces high titers of transferable antibodies to avoid early colonization of calves by the bacteria. In this study we evaluated the ability of EspA, EspB, the C-terminal fragment of 280 amino acids of γ-intimin (γ-intimin C₂₈₀) and inactivated Shiga toxin (Stx) 2 proteins to induce specific antibodies in colostrum and their passive transference to colostrum-fed calves. Friesian pregnant cows immunized by the intramuscular route mounted significantly high serum and colostrum IgG responses against EspB and γ-intimin C₂₈₀ that were efficiently transferred to their calves. Antibodies to EspB and γ-intimin C₂₈₀ were detected in milk samples of vaccinated cows at d 40 postparturition. Significant Stx2-neutralizing titers were also observed in colostrum from Stx2-vaccinated cows and sera from colostrum-fed calves. The results presented showed that bovine colostrum with increased levels of antibodies against EHEC O157:H7 may be obtained by systemic immunization of pregnant cows, and that these specific antibodies are efficiently transferred to newborn calves by feeding colostrum. Hyperimmune colostrum and milk may be an alternative to protect calves from early colonization by EHEC O157:H7 and a possible key source of antibodies to block colonization and toxic activity of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Rabinovitz
- Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-INTA, Nicolás Repetto y De los Reseros, 1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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27
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Butler EK, Voigt A, Lutz AK, Toegel JP, Gerhardt E, Karsten P, Falkenburger B, Reinartz A, Winklhofer KF, Schulz JB. The mitochondrial chaperone protein TRAP1 mitigates α-Synuclein toxicity. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002488. [PMID: 22319455 PMCID: PMC3271059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression or mutation of α-Synuclein is associated with protein aggregation and interferes with a number of cellular processes, including mitochondrial integrity and function. We used a whole-genome screen in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to search for novel genetic modifiers of human [A53T]α-Synuclein-induced neurotoxicity. Decreased expression of the mitochondrial chaperone protein tumor necrosis factor receptor associated protein-1 (TRAP1) was found to enhance age-dependent loss of fly head dopamine (DA) and DA neuron number resulting from [A53T]α-Synuclein expression. In addition, decreased TRAP1 expression in [A53T]α-Synuclein-expressing flies resulted in enhanced loss of climbing ability and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Overexpression of human TRAP1 was able to rescue these phenotypes. Similarly, human TRAP1 overexpression in rat primary cortical neurons rescued [A53T]α-Synuclein-induced sensitivity to rotenone treatment. In human (non)neuronal cell lines, small interfering RNA directed against TRAP1 enhanced [A53T]α-Synuclein-induced sensitivity to oxidative stress treatment. [A53T]α-Synuclein directly interfered with mitochondrial function, as its expression reduced Complex I activity in HEK293 cells. These effects were blocked by TRAP1 overexpression. Moreover, TRAP1 was able to prevent alteration in mitochondrial morphology caused by [A53T]α-Synuclein overexpression in human SH-SY5Y cells. These results indicate that [A53T]α-Synuclein toxicity is intimately connected to mitochondrial dysfunction and that toxicity reduction in fly and rat primary neurons and human cell lines can be achieved using overexpression of the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1. Interestingly, TRAP1 has previously been shown to be phosphorylated by the serine/threonine kinase PINK1, thus providing a potential link of PINK1 via TRAP1 to α-Synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K. Butler
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, Center Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB), Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences and Molecular Biology (GGNB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aaron Voigt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - A. Kathrin Lutz
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jane P. Toegel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, Center Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB), Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Karsten
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Reinartz
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Konstanze F. Winklhofer
- Neurobiochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg B. Schulz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) Brain, Jülich/Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Szego ÉM, Gerhardt E, Kermer P, Schulz JB. A30P α-synuclein impairs dopaminergic fiber regeneration and interacts with L-DOPA replacement in MPTP-treated mice. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 45:591-600. [PMID: 22001606 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). α-synuclein (αsyn) has been linked to the pathophysiology of PD, because of its mutations causing familial PD and its accumulation in brains of patients with familial and sporadic PD. Dopamine (DA) replacement is the most effective therapy for ameliorating the motor symptoms of PD; however, it remains controversial whether DA-replacement boosts regeneration in the dopaminergic system or accelerates disease progression and enhances neuronal loss. Here, we studied the effect of chronic L-DOPA treatment on dopaminergic neurons in wild-type (WT) and A30P αsyn transgenic mice after MPTP treatment. Acute MPTP intoxication induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in both WT and A30P αsyn transgenic mice. A strong regeneration of dopaminergic fibers at 90 days after MPTP was observed in WT mice. In contrast, regeneration was less pronounced in A30P αsyn mice. Chronic L-DOPA treatment after MPTP intoxication did not only reduce the regeneration of nigrostriatal fibers but also led to an increased apoptotic gene-expression profile in the SNpc and to a decline of TH-positive neurons in A30P αsyn. Our findings reveal that the presence of A30P αsyn inhibits the regeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic fibers, and that L-DOPA treatment might interact with the pathogenesis in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva M Szego
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, Georg-August University, DFG Research Center: Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB), Göttingen, 37073, Germany.
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Szego ÉM, Gerhardt E, Outeiro TF, Kermer P. Dopamine-depletion and increased α-synuclein load induce degeneration of cortical cholinergic fibers in mice. J Neurol Sci 2011; 310:90-5. [PMID: 21774947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction can be common among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and multiplication of the gene α-synuclein (αsyn) increases the risk of dementia. Here, we studied the role of dopamine-depletion and increased αsyn load and aggregation on cholinergic structures in vivo. Wild-type (WT) and mice with A30P αsyn overexpression were treated subacutely with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and the number of cholinergic cells in their nucleus basalis magnocellularis-substantia innominata (NBM-SI), their cortical fiber density and their expression of different genes 1day or 90 days after the last MPTP-injection were measured. Long-term dopamine depletion decreased the expression of choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) in the NBM-SI of WT mice, but no neuron loss was observed. In contrast, cortical cholinergic fiber density was decreased three months after MPTP-injection. Increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression could maintain cholinergic functions under these conditions. Expression of A30P αsyn in six-months-old transgenic mice resulted in decreased tyrosine receptor kinase B expression, and lower cortical cholinergic fiber density. Dopamine-depletion by MPTP induced cholinergic cell loss in the NBM-SI and increased cortical fiber loss. Our findings may explain why cholinergic cells are more vulnerable in PD, leading to an increased probability of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva M Szego
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Georg-August University, DFG Research Center, Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB), Göttingen, 37073, Germany.
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Ochoa F, Lago NR, Gerhardt E, Ibarra C, Zotta E. Characterization of stx2 tubular response in a rat experimental model of hemolytic uremic syndrome. Am J Nephrol 2010; 32:340-6. [PMID: 20733289 DOI: 10.1159/000319444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In Argentina, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) constitutes the most frequent cause of acute renal failure in children. The aim of our study was to analyze the early tubular response under the effect of Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2) in a rat experimental model of HUS. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with culture supernatant from recombinant Escherichia coli expressing Stx2. Functional, histological, immunohistochemical and Western blot studies were performed at 48 h postinoculation. RESULTS Renal tubules showed the loss of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and β-catenin, and an increase in transforming growth factor-β1 expression. We detected the expression of α-smooth muscle actin in the interstitium and fibrosis in the periglomerular areas. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the early tubular response to the effects of Stx2 is related to an immunophenotype change of tubular cells and the presence of mild fibrosis in the interstitium.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ochoa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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31
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Linker RA, Lee DH, Demir S, Wiese S, Kruse N, Siglienti I, Gerhardt E, Neumann H, Sendtner M, Luhder F, Gold R. Functional role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neuroprotective autoimmunity: therapeutic implications in a model of multiple sclerosis. Brain 2010; 133:2248-63. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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32
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Krenz A, Falkenburger BH, Gerhardt E, Drinkut A, Schulz JB. Aggregate formation and toxicity by wild-type and R621C synphilin-1 in the nigrostriatal system of mice using adenoviral vectors. J Neurochem 2009; 108:139-46. [PMID: 19094062 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synphilin-1 was described as a protein interacting with alpha-synuclein and is commonly found in Lewy bodies, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Our group has previously described and characterized in vitro a mutation in the synphilin-1 gene (R621C) in PD patients. Providing the first characterization of synphilin-1 expression in an animal model, we here used adenoviral gene transfer to study the effects of wild-type (WT) and R621C synphilin-1 in dopaminergic neurons in mouse brain. As synphilin-1 is commonly used to trigger aggregation of alpha-synuclein in cell culture, we investigated not only non-transgenic C57Bl/6 mice but also A30P-alpha-synuclein transgenic animals. Both WT synphilin-1 and R621C synphilin-1 led to the formation of Thioflavine-S positive inclusions in C57Bl/6 mice and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. R621C synphilin-1 induced more aggregate formation than WT synphilin-1 in A30P-alpha-synuclein transgenic mice, consistent with the role of the R621C mutation as a susceptibility factor for PD. Synphilin-1 expression may be used to improve current mouse models of PD, as it induced both the formation of aggregates and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, two core characteristics of PD that have not been well reproduced with expression of alpha-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Krenz
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, DFG Research Center for Molecular Physiology of Brain and Center for Neurological Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Kron M, Reuter J, Gerhardt E, Manzke T, Zhang W, Dutschmann M. Emergence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced postsynaptic potentiation of NMDA currents during the postnatal maturation of the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus of rat. J Physiol 2008; 586:2331-43. [PMID: 18339694 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.148916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kölliker-Fuse nucleus (KF) contributes essentially to respiratory pattern formation and adaptation of breathing to afferent information. Systems physiology suggests that these KF functions depend on NMDA receptors (NMDA-R). Recent investigations revealed postnatal changes in the modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the KF. Therefore, we investigated postnatal changes in NMDA-R subunit composition and postsynaptic modulation of NMDA-R-mediated currents by BDNF in KF slice preparations derived from three age groups (neonatal: postnatal day (P) 1-5; intermediate: P6-13; juvenile: P14-21). Immunohistochemistry showed a developmental up-regulation of the NR2D subunit. This correlated with a developmental increase in decay time of NMDA currents and a decline of desensitization in response to repetitive exogenous NMDA applications. Thus, developmental up-regulation of the NR2D subunit, which reduces the Mg(2+) block of NMDA-R, causes these specific changes in NMDA current characteristics. This may determine the NMDA-R-dependent function of the mature KF in the control of respiratory phase transition. Subsequent experiments revealed that bath-application of BDNF progressively potentiated these repetitively evoked NMDA currents only in intermediate and juvenile age groups. Pharmacological inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC), as a downstream component of the BDNF-tyrosine kinase B receptor (trkB) signalling, prevented BDNF-induced potentiation of NMDA currents. BDNF-induced potentiation of NMDA currents in later developmental stages might be essential for synaptic plasticity during the adaptation of the breathing pattern in response to peripheral/central commands. The lack of plasticity in neonatal neurones strengthens the hypothesis that the respiratory network becomes permissive for activity-dependent plasticity with ongoing postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kron
- Department of Neuro and Sensory Physiology, University Medicine Göttingen, Georg August University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Beier CP, Wischhusen J, Gleichmann M, Gerhardt E, Pekanovic A, Krueger A, Taylor V, Suter U, Krammer PH, Endres M, Weller M, Schulz JB. FasL (CD95L/APO-1L) resistance of neurons mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt/protein kinase B-dependent expression of lifeguard/neuronal membrane protein 35. J Neurosci 2006; 25:6765-74. [PMID: 16033886 PMCID: PMC6725360 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1700-05.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of Fas (CD95/APO-1) to cell death mechanisms of differentiated neurons is controversially discussed. Rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) express high levels of Fas in vitro but are resistant to FasL (CD95L/APO-1L/CD178)-induced apoptosis. We here show that this resistance was mediated by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)-Akt/protein kinase B (PKB)-dependent expression of lifeguard (LFG)/neuronal membrane protein 35. Reduction of endogenous LFG expression by antisense oligonucleotides or small interfering RNA lead to increased sensitivity of CGNs to FasL-induced cell death and caspase-8 cleavage. The inhibition of PI 3-kinase activity sensitized CGNs to FasL-induced caspase-8 and caspase-3 processing and caspase-dependent fodrin cleavage. Pharmacological inhibition of PI 3-kinase, overexpression of the inhibitory protein IkappaB, or cotransfection of an LFG reporter plasmid with dominant-negative Akt/PKB inhibited LFG reporter activity, whereas overexpression of constitutively active Akt/PKB increased LFG reporter activity. Overexpression of LFG in CGNs interfered with the sensitization to FasL by PI 3-kinase inhibitors. In contrast to CGNs, 12 glioma cell lines, which are sensitive to FasL, did not express LFG. Gene transfer of LFG into these FasL-susceptible glioma cells protected against FasL-induced apoptosis. These results demonstrate that LFG mediated the FasL resistance of CGNs and that, under certain circumstances, e.g., inhibition of the PI 3-kinase-Akt/PKB pathway, CGNs were sensitized to FasL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph P Beier
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Wick A, Gerhardt E, Herrmann C, Pekanovic A, Wick W, Schulz J. Neuronales in vitro Paradigma der Friedreich Ataxie: Untersuchung von Zelltod- und Protektionsmechanismen. Akt Neurol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-919273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wick A, Wick W, Hirrlinger J, Gerhardt E, Dringen R, Dichgans J, Weller M, Schulz JB. Chemotherapy-induced cell death in primary cerebellar granule neurons but not in astrocytes: in vitro paradigm of differential neurotoxicity. J Neurochem 2005; 91:1067-74. [PMID: 15569250 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is frequently the site of symptomatic toxicity of antineoplastic agents. However, there is limited information about the differential vulnerability of neurons, astrocytes and glioma cells. We have analyzed the effects of four chemotherapeutic drugs (lomustine, cisplatin, topotecan and vincristine) on primary cerebellar granule neurons and astrocytes derived from rats. All drugs led to cell death in cerebellar granule neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. Comparison of the EC50 values for cerebellar neurons and astrocytes with the median EC50 values of 12 malignant glioma cell lines demonstrated a large therapeutic range for lomustin and cisplatin. Further, this comparison revealed a 100-fold higher sensitivity of cerebellar neurons towards vincristine and 10-fold higher sensitivity towards topotecan compared with glioma cells. Astrocytes were generally resistant to vincristine. In cerebellar granule neurons, vincristine and to a lesser extent topotecan induced caspase 3 and caspase 9 cleavage, and enhanced caspase activity and Akt-dependent expression of phosphorylated BAD. zVAD-fmk, a caspase inhibitor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but not MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, significantly reduced vincristine- or topotecan-induced cell death.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones/administration & dosage
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/pathology
- Blotting, Western/methods
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/administration & dosage
- Carrier Proteins
- Caspase 3
- Caspase 9
- Caspases/metabolism
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Size/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cerebellum/pathology
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Interactions
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glioma
- Necrosis/chemically induced
- Necrosis/prevention & control
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/pathology
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/therapeutic use
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Transfection/methods
- bcl-Associated Death Protein
- bcl-X Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Wick
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of General Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Schneider D, Gerhardt E, Bock J, Müller MM, Wolburg H, Lang F, Schulz JB. Intracellular acidification by inhibition of the Na+/H+-exchanger leads to caspase-independent death of cerebellar granule neurons resembling paraptosis. Cell Death Differ 2004; 11:760-70. [PMID: 15017383 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium withdrawal is commonly used to induce caspase-mediated apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons in vitro. However, the underlying and cell death-initiating mechanisms are unknown. We firstly investigated potassium efflux through the outward delayed rectifier K+ current (Ik) as a potential mediator. However, tetraethylammoniumchloride, an inhibitor of Ik, was ineffective to block apoptosis after potassium withdrawal. Since potassium withdrawal reduced intracellular pH (pHi) from 7.4 to 7.2, we secondly investigated the effects of intracellular acidosis. To study intracellular acidosis in cerebellar granule neurons, we inhibited the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) with 4-isopropyl-3-methylsulfonylbenzoyl-guanidine methanesulfonate (HOE 642) and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride. Both inhibitors concentration-dependently induced cell death and potentiated cell death after potassium withdrawal. Although inhibition of the NHE induced cell death with morphological criteria of apoptosis in light and electron microscopy including chromatin condensation, positive TUNEL staining and cell shrinkage, no internucleosomal DNA cleavage or activation of caspases was detected. In contrast to potassium withdrawal-induced apoptosis, cell death induced by intracellular acidification was not prevented by insulin-like growth factor-1, cyclo-adenosine-monophosphate, caspase inhibitors and transfection with an adenovirus expressing Bcl-XL. However, cycloheximide protected cerebellar granule neurons from death induced by potassium withdrawal as well as from death after treatment with HOE 642. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms leading to cell death after acidification appear to be different from the mechanisms after potassium withdrawal and resemble the biochemical but not the morphological characteristics of paraptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schneider
- Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of General Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Marx FP, Holzmann C, Strauss KM, Li L, Eberhardt O, Gerhardt E, Cookson MR, Hernandez D, Farrer MJ, Kachergus J, Engelender S, Ross CA, Berger K, Schöls L, Schulz JB, Riess O, Krüger R. Identification and functional characterization of a novel R621C mutation in the synphilin-1 gene in Parkinson's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2003; 12:1223-31. [PMID: 12761037 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddg134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synphilin-1 is linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) based on its identification as an alpha-synuclein (PARK1) and parkin (PARK2) interacting protein. Moreover, synphilin-1 is a component of Lewy bodies (LB) in brains of sporadic PD patients. Therefore, we performed a detailed mutation analysis of the synphilin-1 gene in 328 German familial and sporadic PD patients. In two apparently sporadic PD patients we deciphered a novel C to T transition in position 1861 of the coding sequence leading to an amino acid substitution from arginine to cysteine in position 621 (R621C). This mutation was absent in a total of 702 chromosomes of healthy German controls. To define a possible role of mutant synphilin-1 in the pathogenesis of PD we performed functional analyses in SH-SY5Y cells. We found synphilin-1 capable of producing cytoplasmic inclusions in transfected cells. Moreover we observed a significantly reduced number of inclusions in cells expressing C621 synphilin-1 compared with cells expressing wild-type (wt) synphilin-1, when subjected to proteasomal inhibition. C621 synphilin-1 transfected cells were more susceptible to staurosporine-induced cell death than cells expressing wt synphilin-1. Our findings argue in favour of a causative role of the R621C mutation in the synphilin-1 gene in PD and suggest that the formation of intracellular inclusions may be beneficial to cells and that a mutation in synphilin-1 that reduces this ability may sensitize neurons to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank P Marx
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Straten G, Schmeer C, Kretz A, Gerhardt E, Kügler S, Schulz JB, Gravel C, Bähr M, Isenmann S. Potential synergistic protection of retinal ganglion cells from axotomy-induced apoptosis by adenoviral administration of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. Neurobiol Dis 2002; 11:123-33. [PMID: 12460552 DOI: 10.1006/nbdi.2002.0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Following transection of the optic nerve (ON) in the adult rat, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) undergo degeneration, and within 14 days 85% of axotomized RGCs die by apoptosis. Adenoviral delivery of the mammalian caspase inhibitor X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (Ad.XIAP) to the ON stump leads to expression exclusively in RGCs and rescues 18.9% of the RGCs that would degenerate without treatment. Following adenoviral vector injection into the vitreous body, bioactive glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (Ad.GDNF) is expressed in the retina and secreted to rescue 22.8% of lesioned RGCs. Here we report that coadministration of Ad.XIAP retrogradely directed to RGCs and intravitreal Ad.GDNF acts synergistically to protect axotomized RGCs. Combination treatment rescued 47.3% of RGCs that would undergo apoptosis without any treatment as opposed to 37.4% that would be expected if the two treatments acted independently. While without treatment only 15% of axotomized RGCs would survive, combination treatment resulted in survival of 55.4% of the total RGC population. These findings underline the neuroprotective potential of synergistic effects of a combination of different treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Straten
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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40
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Gerhardt E, Kügler S, Leist M, Beier C, Berliocchi L, Volbracht C, Weller M, Bähr M, Nicotera P, Schulz JB. Cascade of caspase activation in potassium-deprived cerebellar granule neurons: targets for treatment with peptide and protein inhibitors of apoptosis. Mol Cell Neurosci 2001; 17:717-31. [PMID: 11312607 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.2001.0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) cultured in the presence of serum and depolarizing potassium concentrations undergo apoptosis when switched to serum-free medium containing physiological potassium concentrations. Here we show that processing of the key protease, caspase-3, depends on the activation of caspase-9, but not of caspase-8. Selective peptide inhibitors of caspase-9 block processing of caspase-3 and caspase-8 and inhibit apoptosis, whereas a selective inhibitor of caspase-8 blocks neither processing of caspase-3 nor cell death. The data obtained with peptide inhibitors were confirmed by adenovirally mediated ectopic expression of the cytokine response modifier A (crmA), the baculovirus protein p35, and the X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). Further, caspase-8-activating death receptors do not mediate apoptosis in CGN and potassium withdrawal-induced apoptosis evolves unaltered in gld or lpr mice, which harbor mutations in the CD95/CD95 ligand system. Thus, neuronal apoptosis triggered by potassium deprivation is death receptor-independent but involves the mitochondrial pathway of caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gerhardt
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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42
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Kügler S, Meyn L, Holzmüller H, Gerhardt E, Isenmann S, Schulz JB, Bähr M. Neuron-specific expression of therapeutic proteins: evaluation of different cellular promoters in recombinant adenoviral vectors. Mol Cell Neurosci 2001; 17:78-96. [PMID: 11161471 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.2000.0929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to achieve neuron-restricted expression of antiapoptotic proteins, cellular promoters were investigated for their expression profiles in the context of adenoviral vectors. Both the synapsin 1 gene and the tubulin alpha1 gene promoters were strictly neuron specific in cocultures of primary neurons with their essential feeder cells. The neuron-specific enolase gene promoter exhibited only weak activity in cultured hippocampal neurons and was not neuron specific in preparations of cerebellar granule cells. By attaining virtually 100% transduction efficiency we were able to generate "quasi-transgenic" primary neuron cultures using both differentiated and completely undifferentiated hippocampal neurons. In a functional assay, we used the synapsin promoter to evaluate the effect of Bcl-X(L) overexpression on potassium-withdrawal-induced apoptosis of cerebellar granule neurons. We found nearly complete inhibition of caspase-9 and -3 activation and apoptosis, indicating a major role for mitochondrial pathways in this paradigm of neuronal cell death. The excellent suitability of the synapsin promoter as a strong panneuronal promoter was further demonstrated by its restricted neuronal activity in various brain regions of adult rats in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kügler
- Neuro-Regeneration Laboratory, University of Tübingen, Medical School, Verfügungsgebaude, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
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43
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Eberhardt O, Coelln RV, Kugler S, Lindenau J, Rathke-Hartlieb S, Gerhardt E, Haid S, Isenmann S, Gravel C, Srinivasan A, Bahr M, Weller M, Dichgans J, Schulz JB. Protection by synergistic effects of adenovirus-mediated X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene transfer in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci 2000; 20:9126-34. [PMID: 11124990 PMCID: PMC6773033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces clinical, biochemical, and neuropathological changes reminiscent of those occurring in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we show that a peptide caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxy-carbonyl-val-ala-asp-fluoromethyl ketone, or adenoviral gene transfer (AdV) of a protein caspase inhibitor, X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), prevent cell death of dopaminergic substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons induced by MPTP or its active metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in vitro and in vivo. Because the MPTP-induced decrease in striatal concentrations of dopamine and its metabolites does not differ between AdV-XIAP- and control vector-treated mice, this protection is not associated with a preservation of nigrostriatal terminals. In contrast, the combination of adenoviral gene transfer of XIAP and of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor to the striatum provides synergistic effects, rescuing dopaminergic SNpc neurons from cell death and maintaining their nigrostriatal terminals. These data suggest that a combination of a caspase inhibitor, which blocks death, and a neurotrophic factor, which promotes the specific function of the rescued neurons, may be a promising strategy for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Eberhardt
- Neurodegeneration, Neuroregeneration, and Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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44
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Abstract
Crystal structures of wild-type tryptophan synthase alpha2beta2 complexes from Salmonella typhimurium were determined to investigate the mechanism of allosteric activation of the alpha-reaction by the aminoacrylate intermediate formed at the beta-active site. Using a flow cell, the aminoacrylate (A-A) intermediate of the beta-reaction () was generated in the crystal under steady state conditions in the presence of serine and the alpha-site inhibitor 5-fluoroindole propanol phosphate (F-IPP). A model for the conformation of the Schiff base between the aminoacrylate and the beta-subunit cofactor pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is presented. The structure is compared with structures of the enzyme determined in the absence (TRPS) and presence (TRPSF-IPP) of F-IPP. A detailed model for binding of F-IPP to the alpha-subunit is presented. In contrast to findings by Hyde et al. [(1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263,17857-17871] and Rhee et al. [(1997) Biochemistry 36, 7664-7680], we find that the presence of an alpha-site alone ligand is sufficient for loop alphaL6 closure atop the alpha-active site. Part of this loop, alphaThr183, is important not only for positioning the catalytic alphaAsp60 but also for coordinating the concomitant ordering of loop alphaL2 upon F-IPP binding. On the basis of the three structures, a pathway for communication between the alpha- and beta-active sites has been established. The central element of this pathway is a newly defined rigid, but movable, domain that on one side interacts with the alpha-subunit via loop alphaL2 and on the other side with the beta-active site. These findings provide a structural basis for understanding the allosteric properties of tryptophan synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Schneider
- Department for Physical Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
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45
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Abstract
The large surface protein (L) of the enveloped hepatitis B virus (HBV) is myristylated at glycine 2. To investigate whether this fatty acid moiety is required for HBV infectivity we made use of a point mutant in which the myristyl acceptor was mutated to a nonfunctional alanine. The mutant virus and a wild-type control were expressed in a human hepatoma cell line by transfection of genomic DNA constructs. Comparable amounts of virions were secreted by both strains as measured by the endogenous polymerase activity of immunoprecipitated virions. The presentation of an N-terminal epitope of L on the virion surface was not influenced by the mutation. To test the infectivity of this mutant virus primary human hepatocytes were incubated with the media of transfected cells. The covalently circular closed HBV DNA molecules generated after infection were discriminated from the open circular DNA genomes of inoculated virions by a sensitive PCR-based technique. The experiments demonstrated that the wild type was infectious but not the myristate negative mutant. This reflects the phenotype of an homologous duck hepatitis B virus mutant although the N-terminal L protein domains of this virus and of HBV show no primary sequence homology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bruss
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Göttingen, Germany
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46
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Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope and the subviral lipoprotein particles contain three viral surface proteins (L, M, and S) which are expressed from one open reading frame by the usage of three start codons and a common stop codon. The largest surface protein L has some unusual properties. It adopts two different transmembrane topologies due to a posttranslational switch of the folding in approximately half of the L proteins. L molecules which expose their N-terminal preS1 domain on the viral particle surface are probably ligands for a putative virus receptor and determine the species specificity and liver tropism of this virus. L chains with internal preS1 domains are required in virion morphogenesis and mediate the contact to the nucleocapsid like a matrix protein. Overexpression of this form of the L protein is also responsible for the inhibition of viral particle release. This short review summarizes our knowledge on the biosynthesis and maturation of the HBV surface proteins and their functions in viral particle morphogenesis with special emphasis on the L protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bruss
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Göttingen, Germany
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47
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Abstract
The virus family Hepadnaviridae comprises two genera: orthohepadnaviruses isolated from humans (hepatitis B virus [HBV]) and rodents (e.g., woodchuck hepatitis virus [WHV]) and avihepadnaviruses isolated from birds (e.g., duck hepatitis B virus [DHBV]). They carry in their envelopes two (DHBV) or three (HBV and WHV) coterminal proteins referred to as small (S), middle (M), or large (L) surface protein. These proteins are also secreted from infected cells as subviral particles consisting of surface protein and lipid (e.g., 20-nm hepatitis B surface antigen for HBV). To investigate the assembly of these proteins, we asked whether surface proteins from different hepadnaviruses are able to mix phenotypically with each other. By coexpression and coimmunoprecipitation with species-specific antibodies, we could show the formation of mixed subviral particles and disulfide-linked heterodimers between the WHV S and HBV M proteins whereas the DHBV and HBV surface proteins did not coassemble. Complementation of HBV genomes defective in expressing the S or L protein and therefore incompetent to form virions was possible with the closely related WHV S protein or a WHV pre-S-HBV S chimera, respectively, but not with the less related DHBV S or L protein or with a DHBV L-HBV S chimera. The results suggest that the assembly of HBV subviral particles and virion envelopes requires relatively precise molecular interactions of their surface proteins, which are not conserved between the two hepadnavirus genera. This contrasts with the ability of, e.g., rhabdoviruses or retroviruses, to incorporate envelope proteins even from unrelated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gerhardt
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany
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48
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Abstract
To avoid artifacts, native nerve fibers were investigated by phase contrast light microscopy. It was shown that Ranvier's nodes cannot be seen. At the sites at which they can be produced by thermal and chemical effects, a tight joint of the tube ends of the 'internodes' inverted to the inside are to be found. Some structures of Ranvier's nodes do not exist in intact living nerves. This fact can also be proved by electron micrography.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gerhardt
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University of Hamburg, FRG
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