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de Oliveira RM, Vicente Miranda H, Francelle L, Pinho R, Szegö ÉM, Martinho R, Munari F, Lázaro DF, Moniot S, Guerreiro P, Fonseca-Ornelas L, Marijanovic Z, Antas P, Gerhardt E, Enguita FJ, Fauvet B, Penque D, Pais TF, Tong Q, Becker S, Kügler S, Lashuel HA, Steegborn C, Zweckstetter M, Outeiro TF. Correction: The mechanism of sirtuin 2-mediated exacerbation of alpha-synuclein toxicity in models of Parkinson disease. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e1002601. [PMID: 28379951 PMCID: PMC5381757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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de Oliveira RM, Vicente Miranda H, Francelle L, Pinho R, Szegö ÉM, Martinho R, Munari F, Lázaro DF, Moniot S, Guerreiro P, Fonseca L, Marijanovic Z, Antas P, Gerhardt E, Enguita FJ, Fauvet B, Penque D, Pais TF, Tong Q, Becker S, Kügler S, Lashuel HA, Steegborn C, Zweckstetter M, Outeiro TF. The mechanism of sirtuin 2-mediated exacerbation of alpha-synuclein toxicity in models of Parkinson disease. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2000374. [PMID: 28257421 PMCID: PMC5336201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin genes have been associated with aging and are known to affect multiple cellular pathways. Sirtuin 2 was previously shown to modulate proteotoxicity associated with age-associated neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease (PD). However, the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we provide mechanistic insight into the interplay between sirtuin 2 and α-synuclein, the major component of the pathognomonic protein inclusions in PD and other synucleinopathies. We found that α-synuclein is acetylated on lysines 6 and 10 and that these residues are deacetylated by sirtuin 2. Genetic manipulation of sirtuin 2 levels in vitro and in vivo modulates the levels of α-synuclein acetylation, its aggregation, and autophagy. Strikingly, mutants blocking acetylation exacerbate α-synuclein toxicity in vivo, in the substantia nigra of rats. Our study identifies α-synuclein acetylation as a key regulatory mechanism governing α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity, demonstrating the potential therapeutic value of sirtuin 2 inhibition in synucleinopathies. Parkinson disease is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons from a region in the brain known as the substantia nigra and by the accumulation of the protein alpha-synuclein in intracellular clumps called inclusions. Whether these inclusions are the cause or a consequence of the pathological processes is still unclear. Sirtuin proteins are considered master regulators of the ageing process and have previously been associated with neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated the interplay between sirtuin 2 and alpha-synuclein in order to dissect the molecular mechanisms associated with protection against alpha-synuclein toxicity. We found that sirtuin 2 interacted with and removed acetyl groups from alpha-synuclein. By decreasing the levels of sirtuin 2, or by expressing mutant versions of alpha-synuclein that modulate its acetylation status, we found that acetylation reduces the aggregation of alpha-synuclein and its cytotoxicity in vitro. Next, we evaluated whether genetic inhibition of sirtuin 2 could prevent the deleterious effects of alpha-synuclein in vivo and found that, in two different models of Parkinson disease, deletion of sirtuin 2 was neuroprotective. Our data therefore suggest that strategies aimed at decreasing sirtuin 2 activity might prove valuable therapeutic avenues for intervention in Parkinson disease and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Machado de Oliveira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Vicente Miranda
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Francelle
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raquel Pinho
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Éva M. Szegö
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Renato Martinho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francesca Munari
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana F. Lázaro
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sébastien Moniot
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Patrícia Guerreiro
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luis Fonseca
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zrinka Marijanovic
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Antas
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Francisco Javier Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Fauvet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Penque
- Laboratório de Proteómica, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Faria Pais
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Qiang Tong
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hilal Ahmed Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Chutna O, Gonçalves S, Villar-Piqué A, Guerreiro P, Marijanovic Z, Mendes T, Ramalho J, Emmanouilidou E, Ventura S, Klucken J, Barral DC, Giorgini F, Vekrellis K, Outeiro TF. The small GTPase Rab11 co-localizes with α-synuclein in intracellular inclusions and modulates its aggregation, secretion and toxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6732-45. [PMID: 25092884 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) misfolding and aggregation are pathological features common to several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Mounting evidence suggests that aSyn can be secreted and transferred from cell to cell, participating in the propagation and spreading of pathological events. Rab11, a small GTPase, is an important regulator in both endocytic and secretory pathways. Here, we show that Rab11 is involved in regulating aSyn secretion. Rab11 knockdown or overexpression of either Rab11a wild-type (Rab11a WT) or Rab11a GDP-bound mutant (Rab11a S25N) increased secretion of aSyn. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Rab11 interacts with aSyn and is present in intracellular inclusions together with aSyn. Moreover, Rab11 reduces aSyn aggregation and toxicity. Our results suggest that Rab11 is involved in modulating the processes of aSyn secretion and aggregation, both of which are important mechanisms in the progression of aSyn pathology in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldriska Chutna
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Gonçalves
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anna Villar-Piqué
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrícia Guerreiro
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zrinka Marijanovic
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago Mendes
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Ramalho
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jochen Klucken
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Duarte C Barral
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Flaviano Giorgini
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK and
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Instituto de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Basso E, Antas P, Marijanovic Z, Gonçalves S, Tenreiro S, Outeiro TF. PLK2 modulates α-synuclein aggregation in yeast and mammalian cells. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:854-62. [PMID: 23677647 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of α-synuclein (aSyn) on serine 129 is one of the major post-translation modifications found in Lewy bodies, the typical pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Here, we found that both PLK2 and PLK3 phosphorylate aSyn on serine 129 in yeast. However, only PLK2 increased aSyn cytotoxicity and the percentage of cells presenting cytoplasmic foci. Consistently, in mammalian cells, PLK2 induced aSyn phosphorylation on serine 129 and induced an increase in the size of the inclusions. Our study supports a role for PLK2 in the generation of aSyn inclusions by a mechanism that does not depend directly on serine 129 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Basso
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
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Marzo L, Marijanovic Z, Browman D, Chamoun Z, Caputo A, Zurzolo C. 4-hydroxytamoxifen leads to PrPSc clearance by conveying both PrPC and PrPSc to lysosomes independently of autophagy. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:1345-54. [PMID: 23418355 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders involving the abnormal folding of a native cellular protein, named PrP(C), to a malconformed aggregation-prone state, enriched in beta sheet secondary structure, denoted PrP(Sc). Recently, autophagy has garnered considerable attention as a cellular process with the potential to counteract neurodegenerative diseases of protein aggregation such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Stimulation of autophagy by chemical compounds has also been shown to reduce PrP(Sc) in infected neuronal cells and prolong survival times in mouse models. Consistent with previous reports, we demonstrate that autophagic flux is increased in chronically infected cells. However, in contrast to recent findings we show that autophagy does not cause a reduction in scrapie burden. We report that in infected neuronal cells different compounds known to stimulate autophagy are ineffective in increasing autophagic flux and in reducing PrP(Sc). We further demonstrate that tamoxifen and its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen lead to prion degradation in an autophagy-independent manner by diverting the trafficking of both PrP and cholesterol to lysosomes. Our data indicate that tamoxifen, a well-characterized, widely available pharmaceutical, may have applications in the therapy of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Marzo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogenèse, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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de Oliveira RM, Marijanovic Z, Carvalho F, Miltényi GM, Matos JE, Tenreiro S, Oliveira S, Enguita FJ, Stone R, Outeiro TF. Impaired proteostasis contributes to renal tubular dysgenesis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20854. [PMID: 21695262 PMCID: PMC3111453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein conformational disorders are associated with the appearance, persistence, accumulation, and misprocessing of aberrant proteins in the cell. The etiology of renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) is linked to mutations in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Here, we report the identification of a novel ACE mutation (Q1069R) in an RTD patient. ACE Q1069R is found sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum and is also subject to increased proteasomal degradation, preventing its transport to the cell surface and extracellular fluids. Modulation of cellular proteostasis by temperature shift causes an extension in the processing time and trafficking of ACE Q1069R resulting in partial rescue of the protein processing defect and an increase in plasma membrane levels. In addition, we found that temperature shifting causes the ACE Q1069R protein to be secreted in an active state, suggesting that the mutation does not affect the enzyme's catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zrinka Marijanovic
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipe Carvalho
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Joana Estevão Matos
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Tenreiro
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sónia Oliveira
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Rosário Stone
- Unidade de Nefrologia, Serviço de Pediatria, Hospital da Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal, neurodegenerative disorders in humans and animals and are characterized by the accumulation of an abnormally folded isoform of the cellular prion protein (PrPC), denoted PrPSc, which represents the major component of infectious scrapie prions. Characterization of the mechanism of conversion of PrPC into PrPSc and identification of the intracellular site where it occurs are among the most important questions in prion biology. Despite numerous efforts, both of these questions remain unsolved. We have quantitatively analyzed the distribution of PrPC and PrPSc and measured PrPSc levels in different infected neuronal cell lines in which protein trafficking has been selectively impaired. Our data exclude roles for both early and late endosomes and identify the endosomal recycling compartment as the likely site of prion conversion. These findings represent a fundamental step towards understanding the cellular mechanism of prion conversion and will allow the development of new therapeutic approaches for prion diseases. The misfolded form (PrPSc or prion) of the naturally occuring prion protein (PrPC or cellular PrP) is responsible for neurodegenerative diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) (also known as ‘mad cow disease’) and a new variant of CJD (vCJD), which is thought to be caused by ingestion of cattle-derived foodstuffs contaminated with prions. These diseases are characterized by the accumulation of protein deposits in the central nervous system (CNS). However, unlike other neurodegenerative diseases, prion diseases are infectious and prions are able to propagate in a chain reaction by imposing their malconformed state onto the properly folded cellular proteins. Understanding where the conversion of PrPC into PrPSc occurs in cells has been an unsolved question until now. By analysing the intracellular localization of PrPC and PrPSc and measuring the levels of PrPSc produced in infected neuronal cell lines under conditions in which intracellular trafficking of the protein is impaired, we found that prion conversion occurs in the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC) where it transits after being internalized from the cell surface. This study will help to clarify the cellular mechanism of the disease and it opens the way to new therapeutic strategies aimed at the conversion compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Marijanovic
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Paris, France
| | - Anna Caputo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Paris, France
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Campana
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Paris, France
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: or
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Gousset K, Schiff E, Langevin C, Marijanovic Z, Caputo A, Browman DT, Chenouard N, de Chaumont F, Martino A, Enninga J, Olivo-Marin JC, Männel D, Zurzolo C. Prions hijack tunnelling nanotubes for intercellular spread. Nat Cell Biol 2009; 11:328-36. [PMID: 19198598 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, prions (PrP(Sc)) enter the body with contaminated foodstuffs and can spread from the intestinal entry site to the central nervous system (CNS) by intercellular transfer from the lymphoid system to the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Although several means and different cell types have been proposed to have a role, the mechanism of cell-to-cell spreading remains elusive. Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) have been identified between cells, both in vitro and in vivo, and may represent a conserved means of cell-to-cell communication. Here we show that TNTs allow transfer of exogenous and endogenous PrP(Sc) between infected and naive neuronal CAD cells. Significantly, transfer of endogenous PrP(Sc) aggregates was detected exclusively when cells chronically infected with the 139A mouse prion strain were connected to mouse CAD cells by means of TNTs, identifying TNTs as an efficient route for PrP(Sc) spreading in neuronal cells. In addition, we detected the transfer of labelled PrP(Sc) from bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to primary neurons connected through TNTs. Because dendritic cells can interact with peripheral neurons in lymphoid organs, TNT-mediated intercellular transfer would allow neurons to transport prions retrogradely to the CNS. We therefore propose that TNTs are involved in the spreading of PrP(Sc) within neurons in the CNS and from the peripheral site of entry to the PNS by neuroimmune interactions with dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Gousset
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Schiff E, Gousset K, Browman D, Langevin C, Marijanovic Z, Zurzolo C. Prions hijack tunneling nanotubes for intercellular spread. BMC Proc 2008. [DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-2-s1-p63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Liu J, Plotnikov A, Banerjee A, Suresh Kumar KG, Ragimbeau J, Marijanovic Z, Baker DP, Pellegrini S, Fuchs SY. Ligand-independent pathway that controls stability of interferon alpha receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 367:388-93. [PMID: 18166147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-specific negative regulation of cytokine-induced signaling relies on down regulation of the cytokine receptors. Down regulation of the IFNAR1 sub-unit of the Type I interferon (IFN) receptor proceeds via lysosomal receptor proteolysis, which is triggered by ubiquitination that depends on IFNAR1 serine phosphorylation. While IFN-inducible phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation requires the catalytic activity of the Tyk2 Janus kinase, here we found the ligand- and Tyk2-independent pathway that promotes IFNAR1 phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation when IFNAR1 is expressed at high levels. A major cellular kinase activity that is responsible for IFNAR1 phosphorylation in vitro does not depend on either ligand or Tyk2 activity. Inhibition of ligand-independent IFNAR1 degradation suppresses cell proliferation. We discuss the signaling events that might lead to ubiquitination and degradation of IFNAR1 via ligand-dependent and independent pathways and their potential physiologic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghuai Liu
- Department of Animal Biology and Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Room 316 Hill Pavilion, 380 S University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4539, USA
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Marijanovic Z, Ragimbeau J, vanderHeyden J, Uzé G, Pellegrini S. Comparable potency of IFNalpha2 and IFNbeta on immediate JAK/STAT activation but differential down-regulation of IFNAR2. Biochem J 2007; 407:141-51. [PMID: 17627610 PMCID: PMC2267396 DOI: 10.1042/bj20070605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type I IFNs (interferons) (IFNalpha/beta) form a family of related cytokines that control a variety of cellular functions through binding to a receptor composed of IFNAR (IFNalpha receptor subunit) 1 and 2. Among type I IFNs, the alpha2 and beta subtypes exhibit a large difference in their binding affinities to IFNAR1, and it was suggested that high concentrations of IFNAR1 may compensate for its low intrinsic binding affinity for IFNalpha2. We tested whether receptor-proximal signalling events are sensitive to IFNAR1 surface concentration by investigating the relationship between relative IFNAR1/IFNAR2 surface levels and IFNalpha2 and IFNbeta signalling potencies in several cell lines. For this, we monitored the activation profile of JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) proteins, measured basal and ligand-induced surface decay of each receptor subunit and tested the effect of variable IFNAR1 levels on IFNalpha2 signalling potency. Our data show that the cell-surface IFNAR1 level is indeed a limiting factor for assembly of the functional complex, but an increased concentration of it does not translate into an IFNalpha/beta differential JAK/STAT signalling nor does it change the dynamics of the engaged receptor. Importantly, however, our data highlight a differential effect upon routing of IFNAR2. Following binding of IFNalpha2, IFNAR2 is internalized, but, instead of being routed towards degradation as it is when complexed to IFNbeta, it recycles back to the cell surface. These observations suggest strongly that the stability and the intracellular lifetime of the ternary complex account for the differential control of IFNAR2. Moreover, the present study opens up the attractive possibility that endosomal-initiated signalling may contribute to IFNalpha/beta differential bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Marijanovic
- *Unité de Signalisation des Cytokines, CNRS URA 1961, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris 75724
| | - Josiane Ragimbeau
- *Unité de Signalisation des Cytokines, CNRS URA 1961, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris 75724
| | | | - Gilles Uzé
- †CNRS UMR 5124, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Sandra Pellegrini
- *Unité de Signalisation des Cytokines, CNRS URA 1961, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris 75724
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Abstract
The type I IFNR (interferon receptor) is a heterodimer composed of two transmembrane chains, IFNAR1 (interferon-alpha receptor 1 subunit) and IFNAR2, which are associated with the tyrosine kinases Tyk2 and Jak1 (Janus kinase 1) respectively. Ligand-induced down-regulation of the type I IFNR is a major mechanism of negative regulation of cellular signalling and involves the internalization and lysosomal degradation of IFNAR1. IFNalpha promotes the phosphorylation of IFNAR1 on Ser535, followed by recruitment of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, beta-TrCP2 (beta-transducin repeats-containing protein 2), ubiquitination of IFNAR1 and proteolysis. The non-catalytic role of Tyk2 in sustaining the steady-state IFNAR1 level at the plasma membrane is well documented; however, little is known about the function of Tyk2 in the steps that precede and succeed serine phosphorylation and ubiquitination of IFNAR1 in response to ligand binding. In the present study, we show that catalytic activation of Tyk2 is not essential for IFNAR1 internalization, but is required for ligand-induced IFNAR1 serine phosphorylation, ubiquitination and efficient lysosomal proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Marijanovic
- *Cytokine Signalling Unit, CNRS URA 1961, Pasteur Institute, Paris 75724, France
| | - Josiane Ragimbeau
- *Cytokine Signalling Unit, CNRS URA 1961, Pasteur Institute, Paris 75724, France
| | - K. G. Suresh Kumar
- †Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6046, U.S.A
| | - Serge Y. Fuchs
- †Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6046, U.S.A
| | - Sandra Pellegrini
- *Cytokine Signalling Unit, CNRS URA 1961, Pasteur Institute, Paris 75724, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Marijanovic Z, Laubner D, Moller G, Gege C, Husen B, Adamski J, Breitling R. Closing the gap: identification of human 3-ketosteroid reductase, the last unknown enzyme of mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis. Mol Endocrinol 2003; 17:1715-25. [PMID: 12829805 DOI: 10.1210/me.2002-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein encoded by the HSD17B7 gene was originally described as a prolactin receptor-associated protein and as 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type 7. Its ability to synthesize 17beta-estradiol in vitro has been reported previously. However, we demonstrate that HSD17B7 is the ortholog of the yeast 3-ketosteroid reductase Erg27p and converts zymosterone to zymosterol in vitro, using reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate as cofactor. Expression of human and murine HSD17B7 in an Erg27p-deficient yeast strain complements the 3-ketosteroid reductase deficiency of the cells and restores growth on sterol-deficient medium. A fusion of HSD17B7 with green fluorescent protein is located in the endoplasmic reticulum, the site of postsqualene cholesterogenesis. Further critical evidence for a role of HSD17B7 in cholesterol metabolism is provided by the observation that its murine ortholog is a member of the same highly distinct embryonic synexpression group as hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of sterol biogenesis, and is specifically expressed in tissues that are involved in the pathogenesis of congenital cholesterol-deficiency disorders. We conclude that HSD17B7 participates in postsqualene cholesterol biosynthesis, thus completing the molecular cloning of all genes of this central metabolic pathway. In its function as the 3-ketosteroid reductase of cholesterol biosynthesis, HSD17B7 is a novel candidate for inborn errors of cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Marijanovic
- GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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