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Ji H, Kim KR, Park JJ, Lee JY, Sim Y, Choi H, Kim S. Combination Gene Delivery Reduces Spinal Cord Pathology in Rats With Peripheral Neuropathic Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:2211-2227. [PMID: 37442406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Although peripheral neuropathic pain is caused by peripheral nerve injury, it is not simply a peripheral nervous system disease. It causes abnormalities in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Pathological phenomena, such as hyperactivation of sensory neurons and inflammation, are observed in both the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord. Pain signals originating from the periphery are transmitted to the brain via the SC, and the signals are modulated by pathologically changing SC conditions. Therefore, the modulation of SC pathology is important for peripheral NP treatment. We investigated the effects of KLS-2031 (recombinant adeno-associated viruses expressing glutamate decarboxylase 65, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, and interleukin-10) delivered to the dorsal root ganglion on aberrant neuronal excitability and neuroinflammation in the SC of rats with peripheral NP. Results showed that KLS-2031 administration restored excessive excitatory transmission and inhibitory signals in substantia gelatinosa neurons. Moreover, KLS-2031 restored the in vivo hypersensitivity of wide dynamic range neurons and mitigated neuroinflammation in the SC by regulating microglia and astrocytes. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that KLS-2031 efficiently suppressed pathological pain signals and inflammation in the SC of peripheral NP model, and is a potential novel therapeutic approach for NP in clinical settings. PERSPECTIVE: Our study demonstrated that KLS-2031, a combination gene therapy delivered by transforaminal epidural injection, not only mitigates neuroinflammation but also improves SC neurophysiological function, including excitatory-inhibitory balance. These findings support the potential of KLS-2031 as a novel modality that targets multiple aspects of the complex pathophysiology of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyelin Ji
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ran Kim
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Joon Park
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Youn Lee
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomoon Sim
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Business Development, Handok Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heonsik Choi
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Healthcare Research Institute, Kolon Advanced Research Center, Kolon Industries, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Torii S, Rakic P. Tracking the Activation of Heat Shock Signaling in Cellular Protection and Damage. Cells 2022; 11:1561. [PMID: 35563865 PMCID: PMC9104565 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat Shock (HS) signaling is activated in response to various types of cellular stress. This activation serves to protect cells from immediate threats in the surrounding environment. However, activation of HS signaling occurs in a heterogeneous manner within each cell population and can alter the epigenetic state of the cell, ultimately leading to long-term abnormalities in body function. Here, we summarize recent research findings obtained using molecular and genetic tools to track cells where HS signaling is activated. We then discuss the potential further applications of these tools, their limitations, and the necessary caveats in interpreting data obtained with these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
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Li L, Li Y, He B, Li H, Ji H, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Yang T, Sun C, Yuan Y, Wang Y. HSF1 is involved in suppressing A1 phenotype conversion of astrocytes following spinal cord injury in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:205. [PMID: 34530848 PMCID: PMC8444373 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two activation states of reactive astrocytes termed A1 and A2 subtypes emerge at the lesion sites following spinal cord injury (SCI). A1 astrocytes are known to be neurotoxic that participate in neuropathogenesis, whereas A2 astrocytes have been assigned the neuroprotective activity. Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) plays roles in protecting cells from stress-induced apoptosis and in controlling inflammatory activation. It is unknown whether HSF1 is involved in suppressing the conversion of A1 astrocytes following SCI. Methods A contusion model of the rat spinal cord was established, and the correlations between HSF1 expression and onset of A1 and A2 astrocytes were assayed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. 17-AAG, the agonist of HSF1, was employed to treat the primary cultured astrocytes following a challenge by an A1-astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) containing 3 ng/ml of IL-1α, 30 ng/ml of TNF-α, and 400 ng/ml of C1q for induction of the A1 subtype. The effects of 17-AAG on the phenotype conversion of astrocytes, as well as underlying signal pathways, were examined by Western blot or immunohistochemistry. Results The protein levels of HSF1 were significantly increased at 4 days and 7 days following rat SCI, showing colocalization with astrocytes. Meanwhile, C3-positive A1 astrocytes were observed to accumulate at lesion sites with a peak at 1 day and 4 days. Distinctively, the S100A10-positive A2 subtype reached its peak at 4 days and 7 days. Incubation of the primary astrocytes with ACM markedly induced the conversion of the A1 phenotype, whereas an addition of 17-AAG significantly suppressed such inducible effects without conversion of the A2 subtype. Activation of HSF1 remarkably inhibited the activities of MAPKs and NFκB, which was responsible for the regulation of C3 expression. Administration of 17-AAG at the lesion sites of rats was able to reduce the accumulation of A1 astrocytes. Conclusion Collectively, these data reveal a novel mechanism of astrocyte phenotype conversion following SCI, and HSF1 plays key roles in suppressing excessive increase of neurotoxic A1 astrocytes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02271-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqiang He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshuai Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China.
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Mohammad S, Page SJ, Sasaki T, Ayvazian N, Rakic P, Kawasawa YI, Hashimoto-Torii K, Torii M. Long-term spatial tracking of cells affected by environmental insults. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:38. [PMID: 33327938 PMCID: PMC7745478 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Harsh environments surrounding fetuses and children can induce cellular damage in the developing brain, increasing the risk of intellectual disability and other neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia. However, the mechanisms by which early damage leads to disease manifestation in later life remain largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that the activation of heat shock (HS) signaling can be utilized as a unique reporter to label the cells that undergo specific molecular/cellular changes upon exposure to environmental insults throughout the body. Since the activation of HS signaling is an acute and transient event, this approach was not intended for long-term tracing of affected cells after the activation has diminished. In the present study, we generated new reporter transgenic mouse lines as a novel tool to achieve systemic and long-term tracking of affected cells and their progeny. Methods The reporter transgenic mouse system was designed so that the activation of HS signaling through HS response element (HSE) drives flippase (FLPo)-flippase recognition target (FRT) recombination-mediated permanent expression of the red fluorescent protein (RFP), tdTomato. With a priority on consistent and efficient assessment of the reporter system, we focused on intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection models of high-dose, short prenatal exposure to alcohol (ethanol) and sodium arsenite (ethanol at 4.0 g/kg/day and sodium arsenite at 5.0 mg/kg/day, at embryonic day (E) 12 and 13). Long-term reporter expression was examined in the brain of reporter mice that were prenatally exposed to these insults. Electrophysiological properties were compared between RFP+ and RFP− cortical neurons in animals prenatally exposed to arsenite. Results We detected RFP+ neurons and glia in the brains of postnatal mice that had been prenatally exposed to alcohol or sodium arsenite. In animals prenatally exposed to sodium arsenite, we also detected reduced excitability in RFP+ cortical neurons. Conclusion The reporter transgenic mice allowed us to trace the cells that once responded to prenatal environmental stress and the progeny derived from these cells long after the exposure in postnatal animals. Tracing of these cells indicates that the impact of prenatal exposure on neural progenitor cells can lead to functional abnormalities in their progeny cells in the postnatal brain. Further studies using more clinically relevant exposure models are warranted to explore this mechanism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11689-020-09339-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Mohammad
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephen J Page
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Toru Sasaki
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nicholas Ayvazian
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Masaaki Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Yu H, Shao J, Huang R, Guan Y, Li G, Chen S, Zhou F, Yao Q, Shen J. Targeting PTEN to regulate autophagy and promote the repair of injured neurons. Brain Res Bull 2020; 165:161-168. [PMID: 33049350 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of autophagy on neuronal damage can be positive or detrimental negative. Through establishing a model of fetal rat cortical neuron hydraulic shock injury, dipotassium bisperoxo (picolinoto) oxovanadate (V) [bpv(pic)] was used to inhibit PTEN at different time points post-injury and autophagy level after neuronal injury was assessed. Neurons were divided into several intervention groups according to the time point at which bpv(pic) was used to inhibit autophagy, normal neurons and injuried neurons were set as two control groups. Growth of neurons in each group was assessed through immunofluorescence staining. Expression of the autophagy-related proteins LC3-II and LC3-I was analyzed by western blot. Expression of PTEN, mTOR and Beclin-1 was detected by RT-PCR. The number of autophagosomes in the normal group, injury control group and 24 h, 36 h intervention groups were assessed by electron microscope. We found that autophagy was enhanced after neuronal injury and that the levels of LC3-II was significantly reduced by bpv (pic) intervention. The growth of the injury control groups was worse than normal groups, while improved through bpv(pic) intervention at 24 h and 30 h after injured. Western blot analysis showed that the LC3-II and LC3-II/LC3-I ratios of cells increased post-injury, and autophagy induction was evident by electron microscopy. These effects were confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Taken together, these data suggest that autophagy is activated after injury in neurons while can be inhibited by bpv(pic) administration and then promote the repair of injured neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Junjie Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Runxin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yixiang Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated HaianHospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Guicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregenerationof Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center ofNeuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregenerationof Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center ofNeuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jianhong Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Hasmatali JCD, De Guzman J, Johnston JM, Noyan H, Juurlink BH, Misra V, Verge VMK. FOXO3a as a sensor of unilateral nerve injury in sensory neurons ipsilateral, contralateral and remote to injury. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2353-2361. [PMID: 32594060 PMCID: PMC7749464 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.284999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports that the stress response to peripheral nerve injury extends beyond the injured neuron, with alterations in associated transcription factors detected both locally and remote to the lesion. Stress-induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor forkhead class box O3a (FOXO3a) was initially linked to activation of apoptotic genes in many neuronal subtypes. However, a more complex role of FOXO3a has been suggested in the injury response of sensory neurons, with the injured neuron expressing less FOXO3a. To elucidate this response and test whether non-injured sensory neurons also alter FOXO3a expression, the temporal impact of chronic unilateral L4–6 spinal nerve transection on FOXO3a expression and nuclear localization in adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons ipsilateral, contralateral or remote to injury relative to naïve controls was examined. In naïve neurons, high cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of FOXO3a colocalized with calcitonin gene related peptide, a marker of the nociceptive subpopulation. One hour post-injury, an acute increase in nuclear FOXO3a in small size injured neurons occurred followed by a significant decrease after 1, 2 and 4 days, with levels increasing toward pre-injury levels by 1 week post-injury. A more robust biphasic response to the injury was observed in uninjured neurons contralateral to and those remote to injury. Nuclear levels of FOXO3a peaked at 1 day, decreased by 4 days, then increased by 1 week post-injury, a response mirrored in C4 dorsal root ganglion neurons remote to injury. This altered expression contralateral and remote to injury supports that spinal nerve damage has broader systemic impacts, a response we recently reported for another stress transcription factor, Luman/CREB3. The early decreased expression and nuclear localization of FOXO3a in the injured neuron implicate these changes in the cell body response to injury that may be protective. Finally, the broader systemic changes support the existence of stress/injury-induced humeral factor(s) influencing transcriptional and potentially behavioral changes in uninjured dorsal root ganglion neurons. Approval to conduct this study was obtained from the University of Saskatchewan Animal Research Ethics Board (protocol #19920164).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovan C D Hasmatali
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK; Current affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jolly De Guzman
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jayne M Johnston
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hossein Noyan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK; Current affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernhard H Juurlink
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Vikram Misra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Valerie M K Verge
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Verge VMK, Hasmatali JCD, Misra V. When the left side knows something happened to the right - sensing injury in neurons contralateral and remote to injury. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1854-1855. [PMID: 32246633 PMCID: PMC7513984 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.280316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie M K Verge
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jovan C D Hasmatali
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Vikram Misra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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