1
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Witas K, Nair SS, Maisuradze T, Zedler L, Schmidt H, Garcia-Porta P, Rein ASJ, Bolter T, Rau S, Kupfer S, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Sorsche DU. Beyond the First Coordination Sphere─Manipulating the Excited-State Landscape in Iron(II) Chromophores with Protons. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19710-19719. [PMID: 38990184 PMCID: PMC11273614 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Molecular transition metal chromophores play a central role in light harvesting and energy conversion. Recently, earth-abundant transition-metal-based chromophores have begun to challenge the dominance of platinum group metal complexes in this area. However, the development of new chromophores with optimized photophysical properties is still limited by a lack of synthetic methods, especially with respect to heteroleptic complexes with functional ligands. Here, we demonstrate a facile and efficient method for the combination of strong-field carbenes with the functional 2,2'-bibenzimidazole ligand in a heteroleptic iron(II) chromophore complex. Our approach yields two isomers that differ predominantly in their excited-state lifetimes based on the symmetry of the ligand field. Deprotonation of both isomers leads to a significant red-shift of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption and a shortening of excited-state lifetimes. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in combination with quantum chemical simulations and resonance Raman spectroscopy reveals the complex relationship between protonation and photophysical properties. Protonation is found to tip the balance between MLCT and metal-centered (MC) excited states in favor of the former. This study showcases the first example of fine-tuning of the excited-state landscape in an iron(II) chromophore through second-sphere manipulations and provides a new perspective to the challenge of excited-state optimizations in 3d transition metal chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Witas
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry 1, Ulm University
(UUlm), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Shruthi Santhosh Nair
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Tamar Maisuradze
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Linda Zedler
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Heiner Schmidt
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Pablo Garcia-Porta
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry 1, Ulm University
(UUlm), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | | | - Tim Bolter
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry 1, Ulm University
(UUlm), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry 1, Ulm University
(UUlm), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Dieter U. Sorsche
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry 1, Ulm University
(UUlm), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
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2
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Benzothiazole and benzoxazole promoted cleavage of Ru − C(aryl) bond in a four-membered ortho-metalated ruthenium(II) organometallics. Struct Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-023-02137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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3
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Lämmle M, Pilz TD, Kutta RJ, Müßler M, Mengele AK, Görls H, Heinemann FW, Rau S. Insights into the different mechanistic stages of light-induced hydrogen evolution of a 5,5'-bisphenanthroline linked RuPt complex. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15282-15291. [PMID: 36129360 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01727j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis in conjunction with the structural, electrochemical, and photophysical characterization of a 5,5'-bisphenanthroline (phenphen) linked heterodinuclear RuPt complex (Ru(phenphen)Pt) and its light-driven hydrogen formation activity are reported. A single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) analysis identified a perpendicular orientation of the two directly linked 1,10-phenanthroline moieties. The disruption of π-conjugation blocks intramolecular electron transfer as evidenced by a comparative time-resolved optical spectroscopy study of Ru(phenphen)Pt and the reference complexes Ru(phenphen) and Ru(phenphen)Ru. However, reductive quenching is observed in the presence of an external electron donor such as triethylamine. Irradiating Ru(phenphen)Pt with visible light (470 nm) leads to H2 formation. We discuss a potential mechanism that mainly proceeds via Pt colloids and provide indications that initial hydrogen generation may also proceed via a molecular pathway. As previous reports on related heterodinuclear RuPt-based photocatalysts revealed purely molecular hydrogen evolution, the present work thus highlights the role of the bridging ligand in stabilizing the catalytic center and consequently determining the mechanism of light-induced hydrogen evolution in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lämmle
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - T David Pilz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany. .,Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roger Jan Kutta
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marius Müßler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Alexander K Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8-10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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4
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis: Can Transition Metal Complexes Take Advantage of This “Green” Method? Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134249. [PMID: 35807493 PMCID: PMC9267986 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave-assisted synthesis is considered environmental-friendly and, therefore, in agreement with the principles of green chemistry. This form of energy has been employed extensively and successfully in organic synthesis also in the case of metal-catalyzed synthetic procedures. However, it has been less widely exploited in the synthesis of metal complexes. As microwave irradiation has been proving its utility as both a time-saving procedure and an alternative way to carry on tricky transformations, its use can help inorganic chemists, too. This review focuses on the use of microwave irradiation in the preparation of transition metal complexes and organometallic compounds and also includes new, unpublished results. The syntheses of the compounds are described following the group of the periodic table to which the contained metal belongs. A general overview of the results from over 150 papers points out that microwaves can be a useful synthetic tool for inorganic chemists, reducing dramatically the reaction times with respect to traditional heating. This is often accompanied by a more limited risk of decomposition of reagents or products by an increase in yield, purity, and (sometimes) selectivity. In any case, thermal control is operative, whereas nonthermal or specific microwave effects seem to be absent.
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5
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Müller C, Wintergerst P, Nair SS, Meitinger N, Rau S, Dietzek-Ivansic B. Link to glow - iEDDA conjugation of a Ruthenium(II) tetrazine complex leading to dihydropyrazine and pyrazine complexes with improved 1O2 formation ability. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2022.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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6
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Lämmle M, Bagemihl B, Nauroozi D, Petermann L, Pannwitz A, Rau S. Monosubstitution of 1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline Ligands yields Maximum Luminescence Quantum Yield in Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lämmle
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Benedikt Bagemihl
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Djawed Nauroozi
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Lydia Petermann
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Andrea Pannwitz
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Sven Rau
- University of Ulm Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Materials and Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm GERMANY
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7
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Mengele AK, Weixler D, Chettri A, Maurer M, Huber FL, Seibold GM, Dietzek B, Eikmanns BJ, Rau S. Switching the Mechanism of NADH Photooxidation by Supramolecular Interactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:16840-16845. [PMID: 34547151 PMCID: PMC9298348 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A series of three Ru(II) polypyridine complexes was investigated for the selective photocatalytic oxidation of NAD(P)H to NAD(P)+ in water. A combination of (time‐resolved) spectroscopic studies and photocatalysis experiments revealed that ligand design can be used to control the mechanism of the photooxidation: For prototypical Ru(II) complexes a 1O2 pathway was found. Rudppz ([(tbbpy)2Ru(dppz)]Cl2, tbbpy=4,4'‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2'‐bipyridine, dppz=dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine), instead, initiated the cofactor oxidation by electron transfer from NAD(P)H enabled by supramolecular binding between substrate and catalyst. Expulsion of the photoproduct NAD(P)+ from the supramolecular binding site in Rudppz allowed very efficient turnover. Therefore, Rudppz permits repetitive selective assembly and oxidative conversion of reduced naturally occurring nicotinamides by recognizing the redox state of the cofactor under formation of H2O2 as additional product. This photocatalytic process can fuel discontinuous photobiocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Materials and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Weixler
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Avinash Chettri
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Allee 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maite Maurer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Materials and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Lukas Huber
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Materials and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gerd M Seibold
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Section of Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltoftsplads, 2800, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Allee 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard J Eikmanns
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Materials and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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8
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Isakov D, Schmid MA, Nauroozi D, Rau S, Tschierlei S. Prolonged Luminescence Lifetime of a Dual Emissive Ruthenium Dipyridophenazine-Type Complex in Aprotic and Protic Solvents. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14002-14010. [PMID: 34495655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A recently reported ruthenium(II) complex bearing an extended dipyridophenazine ligand exhibits unusual long-lived dual emission at room temperature. In this study, the effect of the introduction of a methyl protecting group to the imidazole moiety of this ligand (L1, 11-methyl-11H-imidazo[4,5-i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) on the photophysics of the respective ruthenium(II) complex [(tbbpy)2Ru(L1)]2+ (C1) is demonstrated by means of electrochemistry, UV/vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, as well as emission lifetime measurements, and transient absorption spectroscopy on the nanosecond time scale. At room temperature, C1 shows dual emission both in aprotic and in protic solvents with time constants of 1.1/34.2 and 1.2/8.4 μs, respectively. These lifetimes are assigned to the emission from 3MLCT and 3LC states. The introduction of the methyl group increases the lifetime of the 3LC state in C1 almost by a factor of 2 in acetonitrile solution compared to the previously reported compound. Accordingly, the newly introduced methyl group is described as a protecting group for the imidazole moiety of the heterocyclic ligand, which enables prolonged lifetimes of the dual emissive complex in protic solvents. The stabilization of the electronic structure is further underlined by the enhanced stability toward electrochemical reduction as evidenced by cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Isakov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie-Ann Schmid
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Djawed Nauroozi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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9
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Wintergerst P, Witas K, Nauroozi D, Schmid M, Dikmen E, Tschierlei S, Rau S. Minimizing Side Product Formation in Alkyne Functionalization of Ruthenium Complexes by Introduction of Protecting Groups. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Wintergerst
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Kamil Witas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Djawed Nauroozi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Marie‐Ann Schmid
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ebru Dikmen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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10
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Waki M, Shirai S, Yamanaka KI, Maegawa Y, Inagaki S. Heterogeneous water oxidation photocatalysis based on periodic mesoporous organosilica immobilizing a tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium sensitizer. RSC Adv 2020; 10:13960-13967. [PMID: 35498487 PMCID: PMC9051631 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00895h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) containing 2,2′-bipyridine groups (BPy-PMO) has been shown to possess a unique pore wall structure in which the 2,2′-bipyridine groups are densely and regularly packed. The surface 2,2′-bipyridine groups can function as chelating ligands for the formation of metal complexes, thus generating molecularly-defined catalytic sites that are exposed on the surface of the material. We here report the construction of a heterogeneous water oxidation photocatalyst by immobilizing several types of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium complexes on BPy-PMO where they function as photosensitizers in conjunction with iridium oxide as a catalyst. The Ru complexes produced on BPy-PMO in this work were composed of three bipyridine ligands, including the BPy in the PMO framework and two X2bpy, denoted herein as Ru(X)-BPy-PMO where X is H (2,2′-bipyridine), Me (4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine), t-Bu(4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine) or CO2Me (4,4′-dimethoxycarbonyl-2,2′-bipyridine). Efficient photocatalytic water oxidation was achieved by tuning the photochemical properties of the Ru complexes on the BPy-PMO through the incorporation of electron-donating or electron-withdrawing functionalities. The reaction turnover number based on the amount of the Ru complex was improved to 20, which is higher than values previously obtained from PMO systems acting as water oxidation photocatalysts. Ruthenium complex photosensitizer fixed on 2,2′-bipyridine bridged-periodic mesoporous organosilica with iridium oxide exhibits an efficient photocatalytic water oxidation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Waki
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc. Nagakute Aichi 480-1192 Japan
| | - Soichi Shirai
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc. Nagakute Aichi 480-1192 Japan
| | | | | | - Shinji Inagaki
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc. Nagakute Aichi 480-1192 Japan
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11
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Beillard A, Bantreil X, Métro TX, Martinez J, Lamaty F. Alternative Technologies That Facilitate Access to Discrete Metal Complexes. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7529-7609. [PMID: 31059243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic complexes: these two words jump to the mind of the chemist and are directly associated with their utility in catalysis or as a pharmaceutical. Nevertheless, to be able to use them, it is necessary to synthesize them, and it is not always a small matter. Typically, synthesis is via solution chemistry, using a round-bottom flask and a magnetic or mechanical stirrer. This review takes stock of alternative technologies currently available in laboratories that facilitate the synthesis of such complexes. We highlight five such technologies: mechanochemistry, also known as solvent-free chemistry, uses a mortar and pestle or a ball mill; microwave activation can drastically reduce reaction times; ultrasonic activation promotes chemical reactions because of cavitation phenomena; photochemistry, which uses light radiation to initiate reactions; and continuous flow chemistry, which is increasingly used to simplify scale-up. While facilitating the synthesis of organometallic compounds, these enabling technologies also allow access to compounds that cannot be obtained in any other way. This shows how the paradigm is changing and evolving toward new technologies, without necessarily abandoning the round-bottom flask. A bright future is ahead of the organometallic chemist, thanks to these novel technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Beillard
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Xavier Bantreil
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Thomas-Xavier Métro
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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12
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Queyriaux N, Giannoudis E, Lefebvre J, Artero V, Chavarot‐Kerlidou M. Synthesis of Ruthenium Tris‐Diimine Photosensitizers Substituted by Four Methylphosphonate Anchoring Groups for Dye‐Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cell Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean‐François Lefebvre
- CNRS, CEA, LCBM Univ. Grenoble Alpes 38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS, DPM Univ. Grenoble Alpes 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Vincent Artero
- CNRS, CEA, LCBM Univ. Grenoble Alpes 38000 Grenoble France
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13
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Brückmann J, Heidecker AA, Popovic D, Mengele AK, Nauroozi D, Bäuerle P, Rau S. Stille Expands the Family: Access to 5,6‐Bis‐2‐thienyl‐Substituted Phenanthroline Under Mild Conditions for Luminescent Ruthenium Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Brückmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | | | - Duško Popovic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Alexander Klaus Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Djawed Nauroozi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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14
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Magero D, Casida ME, Amolo G, Makau N, Kituyi L. Partial density of states ligand field theory (PDOS-LFT): Recovering a LFT-like picture and application to photoproperties of ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Stumper A, Pilz TD, Schaub M, Görls H, Sorsche D, Peuntinger K, Guldi D, Rau S. Efficient Access to 5-Bromo- and 5,6-Dibromophenanthroline Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Stumper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Materials and Catalysis; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas David Pilz
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; August-Bebel-Straße 2 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Markus Schaub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Materials and Catalysis; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; August-Bebel-Straße 2 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Dieter Sorsche
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Materials and Catalysis; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katrin Peuntinger
- Institute of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dirk Guldi
- Institute of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Materials and Catalysis; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm, Germany
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16
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Rommel SA, Sorsche D, Schönweiz S, Kübel J, Rockstroh N, Dietzek B, Streb C, Rau S. Visible-light sensitized photocatalytic hydrogen generation using a dual emissive heterodinuclear cyclometalated iridium(III)/ruthenium(II) complex. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Habermehl J, Sorsche D, Murszat P, Rau S. Making Use of Obstacles: Alternative Synthetic Approaches towards Osmium(II)‐Based Photochemical Molecular Devices. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Habermehl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry I University of Ulm Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89077 Ulm Germany
| | - Dieter Sorsche
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry I University of Ulm Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89077 Ulm Germany
| | - Petra Murszat
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry I University of Ulm Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89077 Ulm Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry I University of Ulm Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89077 Ulm Germany
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18
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Petermann L, Staehle R, Pfeifer M, Reichardt C, Sorsche D, Wächtler M, Popp J, Dietzek B, Rau S. Oxygen-Dependent Photocatalytic Water Reduction with a Ruthenium(imidazolium) Chromophore and a Cobaloxime Catalyst. Chemistry 2016; 22:8240-53. [PMID: 27135804 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Detailed investigations of a photocatalytic system capable of producing hydrogen under pre-catalytic aerobic conditions are reported. This system consists of the NHC precursor chromophore [Ru(tbbpy)2 (RR'ip)][PF6 ]3 (abbreviated as Ru(RR'ip)[PF6 ]3 ; tbbpy=4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine, RR'ip=1,3-disubstituted-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolinium), the reduction catalyst Co(dmgH)2 (dmgH=dimethylglyoximato), and the electron donor ascorbic acid (AA). Screening studies with respect to solvent, cobaloxime catalyst, electron donor, pH, and concentrations of the individual components yielded optimized photocatalytic conditions. The system shows high activity based on Ru, with turnover numbers up to 2000 under oxygen-free and pre-catalytic aerobic conditions. The turnover frequency in the latter case was even higher than that for the oxygen-free catalyst system. The Ru complexes show high photostability and their first excited state is primarily located on the RR'ip ligand. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the rigid cyclophane-type ligand dd(ip)2 (Br)2 (dd(ip)2 =1,1',3,3'-bis(2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene)bis(methylene)bis(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolinium)) and the catalytic activity of its Ru complex [{(tbbpy)2 Ru}2 (μ-dd(ip)2 )][PF6 ]6 (abbreviated as Ru2 (dd(ip)2 )[PF6 ]6 ) suggest an intermolecular catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Petermann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany), Fax
| | - Robert Staehle
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany), Fax
| | - Maxim Pfeifer
- Solid State Chemistry, Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Reichardt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Dieter Sorsche
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany), Fax
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany), Fax.
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19
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Chen B, Lv ZP, Hua C, Leong CF, Tuna F, D'Alessandro DM, Collison D, Zuo JL. Dinuclear Ruthenium Complex Based on a π-Extended Bridging Ligand with Redox-Active Tetrathiafulvalene and 1,10-Phenanthroline Units. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:4606-15. [PMID: 27070295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a π-extended bridging ligand with both redox-active tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) units, namely, bis(1,10-phenanthro[5,6-b])tetrathiafulvalene (BPTTF), was realized via a self-coupling reaction. Using this ligand and Ru(tbbpy)2Cl2 (tbbpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine), the dinuclear ruthenium(II) compound [{Ru(tbbpy)2}2(BPTTF)](PF6)4 (1) has been obtained by microwave-assisted synthesis. Structural characterization of 1 revealed a crossed arrangement of the TTF moieties on adjacent dimers within the crystal structure. The optical and redox properties of 1 were investigated using electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and absorption spectroscopic studies combined with theoretical calculations. One exhibits a rich electrochemical behavior owing to the multiple redox-active centers. Interestingly, both the ligand BPTTF and the ruthenium compound 1 are EPR-active in the solid state owing to intramolecular charge-transfer processes. The results demonstrate that the TTF-annulated bis(phen) ligand is a promising bridging ligand to construct oligomeric or polymeric metal complexes with multiple redox-active centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Peng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Carol Hua
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney , New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Chanel F Leong
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney , New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Collison
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jing-Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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20
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Poynton FE, Hall JP, Keane PM, Schwarz C, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Gunnlaugsson T, Cardin CJ, Cardin DJ, Quinn SJ, Long C, Kelly JM. Direct observation by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy of the bright and the dark excited states of the [Ru(phen) 2(dppz)] 2+ light-switch compound in solution and when bound to DNA. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3075-3084. [PMID: 29997799 PMCID: PMC6005197 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04514b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The [Ru(phen)2(dppz)]2+ complex (1) is non-emissive in water but is highly luminescent in organic solvents or when bound to DNA, making it a useful probe for DNA binding. To date, a complete mechanistic explanation for this "light-switch" effect is still lacking. With this in mind we have undertaken an ultrafast time resolved infrared (TRIR) study of 1 and directly observe marker bands between 1280-1450 cm-1, which characterise both the emissive "bright" and the non-emissive "dark" excited states of the complex, in CD3CN and D2O respectively. These characteristic spectral features are present in the [Ru(dppz)3]2+ solvent light-switch complex but absent in [Ru(phen)3]2+, which is luminescent in both solvents. DFT calculations show that the vibrational modes responsible for these characteristic bands are predominantly localised on the dppz ligand. Moreover, they reveal that certain vibrational modes of the "dark" excited state couple with vibrational modes of two coordinating water molecules, and through these to the bulk solvent, thus providing a new insight into the mechanism of the light-switch effect. We also demonstrate that the marker bands for the "bright" state are observed for both Λ- and Δ-enantiomers of 1 when bound to DNA and that photo-excitation of the complex induces perturbation of the guanine and cytosine carbonyl bands. This perturbation is shown to be stronger for the Λ-enantiomer, demonstrating the different binding site properties of the two enantiomers and the ability of this technique to determine the identity and nature of the binding site of such intercalators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus E Poynton
- School of Chemistry , Trinity College Dublin , The University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI) , Trinity College Dublin , The University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - James P Hall
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Reading RG6 6AD , UK
- Diamond Light Source , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0QX , UK
| | - Páraic M Keane
- School of Chemistry , Trinity College Dublin , The University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Reading RG6 6AD , UK
| | - Christine Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Reading RG6 6AD , UK
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility , Research Complex at Harwell , STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Oxfordshire OX11 0QX , UK
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility , Research Complex at Harwell , STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Oxfordshire OX11 0QX , UK
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry , Trinity College Dublin , The University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI) , Trinity College Dublin , The University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | | | - David J Cardin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Reading RG6 6AD , UK
| | - Susan J Quinn
- School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Conor Long
- The School of Chemical Sciences , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland .
| | - John M Kelly
- School of Chemistry , Trinity College Dublin , The University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
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21
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Sorsche D, Rommel SA, Rau S. Functional Dimming of Pincer-Shaped Bibenzimidazole-Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Improved Anion-Sensitive Luminescence. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Zabarska N, Stumper A, Rau S. CuAAC click reactions for the design of multifunctional luminescent ruthenium complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:2338-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04599a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CuAAC (Cu(i) catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition) click chemistry has emerged as a versatile tool in the development of photoactive ruthenium complexes with multilateral potential applicability. Three general concepts for their synthesis and selected applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zabarska
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Anne Stumper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
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23
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Braumüller M, Schulz M, Staniszewska M, Sorsche D, Wunderlin M, Popp J, Guthmuller J, Dietzek B, Rau S. Synthesis and characterization of ruthenium and rhenium dyes with phosphonate anchoring groups. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:9216-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01047d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of new Ru and Re complexes with elongated phosphonate substituents are presented, enabling their immobilization on electrode surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Schulz
- Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e. V
- D-07745 Jena
- Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Centre of Photonics
- Friedrich-Schiller University Jena
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics
- Gdańsk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdańsk
- Poland
| | | | | | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Centre of Photonics
- Friedrich-Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Julien Guthmuller
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics
- Gdańsk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdańsk
- Poland
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e. V
- D-07745 Jena
- Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Centre of Photonics
- Friedrich-Schiller University Jena
| | - Sven Rau
- Universität Ulm
- Anorganische Chemie I
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
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24
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A new method for the utilization of compounds of the type [Ru(bpy)2(CO)Cl]+ as a starting material for the synthesis of [Ru(N6)]2+ type compounds. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Zabarska N, Sorsche D, Heinemann FW, Glump S, Rau S. Towards Ruthenium-Based Building Blocks for CuAAC Click Reactions: Challenges in Generating Ruthenium(II) Polypyridine Alkynes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Urbani M, Medel M, Kumar SA, Ince M, Bhaskarwar AN, González‐Rodríguez D, Grätzel M, Nazeeruddin MK, Torres T. Synthesis of Amphiphilic Ru
II
Heteroleptic Complexes Based on Benzo[1,2‐
b
:4,5‐
b
′]dithiophene: Relevance of the Half‐Sandwich Complex Intermediate and Solvent Compatibility. Chemistry 2015; 21:16252-65. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Urbani
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain)
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
- Instituto Madrileño de, Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Nanociencia c/Faraday, 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain)
| | - María Medel
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain)
| | - Sangeeta Amit Kumar
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
- Ion Adsorption Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology at Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 (India)
| | - Mine Ince
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
- Mersin University, Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Tarsus Technology, 33480, Mersin (Turkey)
| | - Ashok N. Bhaskarwar
- Ion Adsorption Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology at Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 (India)
| | - David González‐Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain)
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional materials Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain)
- Instituto Madrileño de, Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Nanociencia c/Faraday, 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain)
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27
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Meister S, Reithmeier RO, Ogrodnik A, Rieger B. Bridging Efficiency within Multinuclear Homogeneous Catalysts in the Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Meister
- Wacker Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie; TU München; Technische Chemie; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Richard O. Reithmeier
- Wacker Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie; TU München; Technische Chemie; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Alexander Ogrodnik
- Wacker Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie; TU München; Technische Chemie; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Wacker Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie; TU München; Technische Chemie; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
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28
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Cloonan SM, Elmes RBP, Erby M, Bright SA, Poynton FE, Nolan DE, Quinn SJ, Gunnlaugsson T, Williams DC. Detailed Biological Profiling of a Photoactivated and Apoptosis Inducing pdppz Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complex in Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4494-505. [PMID: 25961430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes show great promise as new photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents. However, a lack of detailed understanding of their mode of action in cells poses a challenge to their development. We have designed a new Ru(II) PDT candidate that efficiently enters cells by incorporation of the lipophilic aromatic pdppz ([2,3-h]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) ligand and exhibits photoactivity through incorporation of 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene ancillary ligands. Its photoreactivity toward biomolecules was studied in vitro, where light activation caused DNA cleavage. Cellular internalization occurred via an energy dependent mechanism. Confocal and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the complex localizes in various organelles, including the mitochondria. The complex is nontoxic in the dark, with cellular clearance within 96 h; however, upon visible light activation it induces caspase-dependent and reactive-oxygen-species-dependent apoptosis, with low micromolar IC50 values. This investigation greatly increases our understanding of such systems in cellulo, aiding development and realization of their application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Cloonan
- †School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robert B P Elmes
- ‡School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - MariaLuisa Erby
- †School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sandra A Bright
- †School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fergus E Poynton
- ‡School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Derek E Nolan
- †School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Susan J Quinn
- §School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- ‡School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - D Clive Williams
- †School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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29
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Ritter K, Pehlken C, Sorsche D, Rau S. Optimized synthesis of a tert-butyl-phenyl-substituted tetrapyridophenazine ligand and its Ru(ii) complexes and determination of dimerization behaviour of the complexes through supramolecular “Fingerhakel”. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:8889-905. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A high dimerization constant of a ruthenium complex is observed with the aid of 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The solid state molecular structure indicates that multiple π-interactions are the reason for strong dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Ritter
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry I
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - C. Pehlken
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry I
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - D. Sorsche
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry I
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - S. Rau
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry I
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
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30
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Braumüller M, Schulz M, Sorsche D, Pfeffer M, Schaub M, Popp J, Park BW, Hagfeldt A, Dietzek B, Rau S. Synthesis and characterization of an immobilizable photochemical molecular device for H2-generation. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:5577-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03730h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The immobilizable photocatalyst (4) was synthesized and successfully applied in visible-light-driven hydrogen-generation experiments, supporting its applicability in photoelectrosynthesis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Schulz
- Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e. V
- D-07745 Jena
- Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Centre of Photonics
- Friedrich-Schiller University Jena
| | | | | | - Markus Schaub
- Universität Ulm
- Anorganische Chemie I
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Centre of Photonics
- Friedrich-Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Byung-Wook Park
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 20 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory for Photomolecular Science (LSPM)
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e. V
- D-07745 Jena
- Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Centre of Photonics
- Friedrich-Schiller University Jena
| | - Sven Rau
- Universität Ulm
- Anorganische Chemie I
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
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31
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Ding Y, Wu Q, Zheng K, An L, Hu X, Mei W. Imaging of the nuclei of living tumor cells by novel ruthenium(ii) complexes coordinated with 6-chloro-5-hydroxylpyrido[3,2-a]phenazine. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11127g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel ruthenium(ii) complex 1 can be developed as a low toxicity fluorescence probe for living cell nuclei in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Kangdi Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Linkun An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Xiaoying Hu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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32
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Heussner K, Peuntinger K, Rockstroh N, Rau S, Streb C. Cluster-controlled dimerisation in supramolecular ruthenium photosensitizer–polyoxometalate systems. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:330-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal oxide-triggered dimerisation reaction of Ru-photosensitizer complexes is reported which is triggered by hydroxide ions liberated during the re-arrangement of a molybdate cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Heussner
- Inorganic Chemistry I
- School of Chemistry
- University of Ulm
- Albert-Einstein-Allee 11
- 89081 Ulm
| | - Katrin Peuntinger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Nils Rockstroh
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Inorganic Chemistry I
- School of Chemistry
- University of Ulm
- Albert-Einstein-Allee 11
- 89081 Ulm
| | - Carsten Streb
- Inorganic Chemistry I
- School of Chemistry
- University of Ulm
- Albert-Einstein-Allee 11
- 89081 Ulm
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33
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Matlachowski C, Schwalbe M. Photochemical CO2-reduction catalyzed by mono- and dinuclear phenanthroline-extended tetramesityl porphyrin complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:6480-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03846k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of CO2 into CO is catalyzed by mono- and dinuclear phenanthroline-extended porphyrin complexes. The influence of the central metal center in the porphyrin cavity as well as of an attached ruthenium fragment at the phenanthroline moiety was investigated in wavelength-dependent photolysis experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Schwalbe
- Institute of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
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34
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Petermann L, Staehle R, Pilz TD, Sorsche D, Görls H, Rau S. Synthetic Strategies for Variably Substituted Ruthenium-Imidazophenanthrolinium Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Monczak K, Peuntinger K, Sorsche D, Heinemann FW, Guldi DM, Rau S. Synthesis and Characterization of a Trisheteroleptic RuII-Based Molecular Switch. Chemistry 2014; 20:15426-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Meyer-Ilse J, Bauroth S, Bräutigam M, Schmitt M, Popp J, Beckert R, Rockstroh N, Pilz TD, Monczak K, Heinemann FW, Rau S, Dietzek B. Modified bibenzimidazole ligands as spectator ligands in photoactive molecular functional Ru-polypyridine units? Implications from spectroscopy. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:17659-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Staehle R, Losse S, Filipovic MR, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Vos JG, Rau S. Photocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen from Water under Aerobic Conditions. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Sorsche D, Rau S. A Macrocyclic 2,2′-Bibenzimidazole Ruthenium(II) Chromophore as a Versatile Building Block for Supramolecular Devices. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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An improved synthesis of 4-cyano-1,10-phenanthroline, 4,7-dicyano-1,10-phenanthroline and their bis(4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complexes. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Matlachowski C, Schwalbe M. Synthesis and characterization of mono- and dinuclear phenanthroline-extended tetramesitylporphyrin complexes as well as UV-Vis and EPR studies on their one-electron reduced species. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:3490-503. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32196c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Synthesis and photophysics of a novel photocatalyst for hydrogen production based on a tetrapyridoacridine bridging ligand. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Elmes RBP, Orange KN, Cloonan SM, Williams DC, Gunnlaugsson T. Luminescent ruthenium(II) polypyridyl functionalized gold nanoparticles; their DNA binding abilities and application as cellular imaging agents. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:15862-5. [PMID: 21923121 DOI: 10.1021/ja2061159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and photophysical and biological investigation of Ru(II)-polypyridyl stabilized water-soluble, luminescent gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are described. These structures bind to DNA and undergo rapid cellular uptake, being localized within the cell cytoplasm and nucleus within 4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B P Elmes
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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43
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Reynal A, Palomares E. Ruthenium Polypyridyl Sensitisers in Dye Solar Cells Based on Mesoporous TiO
2. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Reynal
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avda. Paisos Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Fax: +34‐977920823
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avda. Paisos Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Fax: +34‐977920823
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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44
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Fetzer L, Boff B, Ali M, Xiangjun M, Collin JP, Sirlin C, Gaiddon C, Pfeffer M. Library of second-generation cycloruthenated compounds and evaluation of their biological properties as potential anticancer drugs: passing the nanomolar barrier. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:8869-78. [PMID: 21837342 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10322a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A library of 32 organoruthenium compounds has been synthesised. Known and novel C-N cyclometalated compounds as well as N-C-N and N-N-C pincer derivatives of this metal have been used in this purpose. Most of the compounds have been tested for their in vitro antitumoral behaviours, good to excellent activities have thus been found. Several of the newly synthesized compounds pass the symbolic barrier of the nanomolar range for their IC(50) indicating a critical improvement. The level of activity is tentatively correlated to physicochemical properties of the compounds such as their Ru(III/II) redox potential and their lipophilicity (log P).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Fetzer
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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45
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Deshmukh A, Kinage A, Kumar R, Meijboom R. An efficient heterogeneous catalytic system for chemoselective hydrogenation of unsaturated ketones in aqueous medium. Polyhedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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David Pilz T, Rockstroh N, Rau S. Synthesis and characterization of heterooligonuclear ruthenium complexes with tri(phenanthrolino)hexaazatriphenylene ligands. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.508517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. David Pilz
- a Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität-Jena , Jena, Germany
| | - Nils Rockstroh
- a Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität-Jena , Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- a Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität-Jena , Jena, Germany
- b Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen, Germany
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47
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Controlled microwave synthesis of RuII synthons and chromophores relevant to solar energy conversion. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Kuhnt C, Karnahl M, Tschierlei S, Griebenow K, Schmitt M, Schäfer B, Krieck S, Görls H, Rau S, Dietzek B, Popp J. Substitution-controlled ultrafast excited-state processes in Ru–dppz-derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:1357-68. [DOI: 10.1039/b915770k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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49
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Karnahl M, Krieck S, Görls H, Tschierlei S, Schmitt M, Popp J, Chartrand D, Hanan GS, Groarke R, Vos JG, Rau S. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 3,8-Disubstituted 1,10-Phenanthrolines and Their Ruthenium(II) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Happ B, Friebe C, Winter A, Hager M, Hoogenboom R, Schubert U. 2-(1 H-1,2,3-Triazol-4-yl)-Pyridine Ligands as Alternatives to 2,2′-Bipyridines in Ruthenium(II) Complexes. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:154-63. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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