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Caporale C, Bader CA, Sorvina A, MaGee KDM, Skelton BW, Gillam TA, Wright PJ, Raiteri P, Stagni S, Morrison JL, Plush SE, Brooks DA, Massi M. Investigating Intracellular Localisation and Cytotoxicity Trends for Neutral and Cationic Iridium Tetrazolato Complexes in Live Cells. Chemistry 2017; 23:15666-15679. [PMID: 28782852 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A family of five neutral cyclometalated iridium(III) tetrazolato complexes and their methylated cationic analogues have been synthesised and characterised. The complexes are distinguished by variations of the substituents or degree of π conjugation on either the phenylpyridine or tetrazolato ligands. The photophysical properties of these species have been evaluated in organic and aqueous media, revealing predominantly a solvatochromic emission originating from mixed metal-to-ligand and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer excited states of triplet multiplicity. These emissions are characterised by typically long excited-state lifetimes (∼hundreds of ns), and quantum yields around 5-10 % in aqueous media. Methylation of the complexes caused a systematic red-shift of the emission profiles. The behaviour and the effects of the different complexes were then examined in cells. The neutral species localised mostly in the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets, whereas the majority of the cationic complexes localised in the mitochondria. The amount of complexes found within cells does not depend on lipophilicity, which potentially suggests diverse uptake mechanisms. Methylated analogues were found to be more cytotoxic compared to the neutral species, a behaviour that might to be linked to a combination of uptake and intracellular localisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Caporale
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, 6102 WA, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Karen D M MaGee
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, 6102 WA, Australia
| | - Brian W Skelton
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Todd A Gillam
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Phillip J Wright
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, 6102 WA, Australia
| | - Paolo Raiteri
- Curtin Institute for Computation and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, 6102 WA, Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari"-, University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, 6102 WA, Australia
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Ertl CD, Momblona C, Pertegás A, Junquera-Hernández JM, La-Placa MG, Prescimone A, Ortí E, Housecroft CE, Constable EC, Bolink HJ. Highly Stable Red-Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3237-3248. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin D. Ertl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Momblona
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, ES-46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Antonio Pertegás
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, ES-46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - José M. Junquera-Hernández
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, ES-46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Maria-Grazia La-Placa
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, ES-46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, ES-46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | | | - Edwin C. Constable
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henk J. Bolink
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, ES-46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
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7
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You Y, Cho S, Nam W. Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes for Phosphorescence Sensing of Biological Metal Ions. Inorg Chem 2013; 53:1804-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4013872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin You
- Department of Advanced
Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea
| | - Somin Cho
- Department of Bioinspired Science and Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Daehyun-dong,
Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Bioinspired Science and Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Daehyun-dong,
Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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