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Xing Z, Wang J, Huang J, Chen X, Zong Z, Fan C, Huang G. A Significant Fluorescence Turn-On Probe for the Recognition of Al 3+ and Its Application. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082569. [PMID: 35458765 PMCID: PMC9028138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An easy prepared probe, BHMMP, was designed and synthesized, which displayed a significant fluorescence enhancement (over 38-fold) and obvious color change in the recognition of Al3+. The binding ratio of probe BHMMP to Al3+ was determined as 1:1, according to Job plot. The binding mechanism was fully clarified by the experiments, such as FT-IR spectrum, ESI-MS analysis, and 1H NMR titration. A DFT study further confirmed the binding mode of BHMMP to Al3+. The limit of detection (LOD) for Al3+ was determined as low as 0.70 µM, based on the fluorescence titration of BHMMP. Moreover, the results from real sample experiments, including real water samples, test papers, and cell images, well-demonstrated that BHMMP was capable of sensing Al3+ in environmental and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xing
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (C.F.); (G.H.)
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
- Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Prevention Engineering Center of Ecological Aluminum Industry Base, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Junhui Huang
- Institute of Science and Technology Information, Baise 533000, China;
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (C.F.); (G.H.)
| | - Ziao Zong
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (C.F.); (G.H.)
| | - Chuanbin Fan
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (C.F.); (G.H.)
| | - Guimei Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (C.F.); (G.H.)
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2
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Bordoloi P, Guha AK, Das DK. Condensation Product of 1-Naphthaldehyde and 3-Aminophenol: Fluorescent “on” Probe for Ce3+and “off” Probe for Dichromate (Cr2O72−). J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1189-1198. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Ganesan G, Pownthurai B, Kotwal NK, Yadav M, Chetti P, Chaskar A. Function-oriented synthesis of fluorescent chemosensor for selective detection of Al3+ in neat aqueous solution: Paperstrip detection & DNA bioimaging. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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Hoque A, Islam MS, Khan MMA, Ghosh S, Sekh MA, Hussain S, Alam MA. Biphenyl Containing Amido Schiff base Derivative as a Turn-on Fluorescent Chemosensor for Al3+ and Zn2+ ions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03144b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hydrazine derived Bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-dicarbohydrazide (sensor 1) has been synthesized and its sensing properties towards metal ions has been demonstrated using simple UV-visble spectroscopic, fluorometric technique and visible colour change. The...
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5
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Yan XJ, Gao YY, Liu HB, Qiao X, Xie CZ, Li QZ, Gao WZ, Sun HB, Xu JY. A novel double target fluorescence probe for Al 3+/Mg 2+ detection with distinctively different responses and its applications in cell imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 261:120067. [PMID: 34146827 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metal cations, Al3+ and Mg2+, could affect human health and cell biological processes. Their fast and selective detection using one probe remains a challenge. A novel fluorescence probe, N'-((1-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)methylene)isoquinoline-3-carbohydrazide (NHMI), was developed for selectively monitoring Al3+ and Mg2+. The probe NHMI showed a distinctive "turn-on" fluorescence signal towards Al3+ and Mg2+ (cyan for Al3+ with 2556-folds enhancement and yellow for Mg2+ with 88-folds enhancement), which is quite distinct from other metal cations and allows for naked-eye detection. This interesting response was attributed to the influence of PET, ESIPT process and CHEF effect, when Al3+ or Mg2+ chelated with NHMI. Furthermore, the fluorescence titration experiments manifested that the detection limit of probe NHMI for Al3+/Mg2+ was as low as 1.20 × 10-8 M and 7.69 × 10-8 M, respectively. The formed complexes NHMI-Al3+ and NHMI-Mg2+ were analyzed by Job's plot, ESI-MS, 1H NMR and FT-IR. The coordination pockets and fluorescence mechanisms of two metal complexes were explored by density functional theory calculation. Moreover, NHMI showed low cytotoxicity and good cell permeability. Fluorescence bioimaging of Al3+/Mg2+ in MCF-7 cells with NHMI indicated its potential application in biological diagnostic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Yan
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Yu-Yang Gao
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Hai-Bo Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Xie
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
| | - Qing-Zhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Wei-Zhen Gao
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Hua-Bing Sun
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Xu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
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6
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Das R, Bej S, Hirani H, Banerjee P. Trace-Level Humidity Sensing from Commercial Organic Solvents and Food Products by an AIE/ESIPT-Triggered Piezochromic Luminogen and ppb-Level "OFF-ON-OFF" Sensing of Cu 2+: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Outcome. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14104-14121. [PMID: 34124433 PMCID: PMC8190783 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selective and sensitive moisture sensors have attracted immense attention due to their ability to monitor the humidity content in industrial solvents, food products, etc., for regulating industrial safety management. Herein, a hydroxy naphthaldehyde-based piezochromic luminogen, namely, 1-{[(2-hydroxyphenyl)imino]methyl}naphthalen-2-ol (NAP-1), has been synthesized and its photophysical and molecular sensing properties have been investigated by means of various spectroscopic tools. Owing to the synergistic effect of both aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) along with the restriction of C=N isomerization, the probe shows bright yellowish-green-colored keto emission with high quantum yield after the interaction with a trace amount of water. This makes NAP-1 a potential sensor for monitoring water content in the industrial solvents with very low detection limits of 0.033, 0.032, 0.034, and 0.033% (v/v) from tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and methanol, respectively. The probe could be used in the food industry to detect trace moisture in the raw food samples. The reversible switching behavior of NAP-1 makes it suitable for designing an INHIBIT logic gate with an additional application in inkless writing. In addition, an Internet of Things-(IoT) based prototype device has been proposed for on-site monitoring of the moisture content by a smartphone via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. The aggregated probe also has the ability to recognize Cu2+ from a purely aqueous medium via the chelation-enhanced quenching (CHEQ) mechanism, leading to ∼84% fluorescence quenching with a Stern-Volmer quenching constant of 1.46 × 104 M-1 and with an appreciably low detection threshold of 57.2 ppb, far below than recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The spectroscopic and theoretical calculations (density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT), and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis) further empower the understanding of the mechanistic course of the interaction of the host-guest recognition event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyanka Das
- Surface
Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central
Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff
College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar
Pradesh, India
| | - Sourav Bej
- Surface
Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central
Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff
College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar
Pradesh, India
| | - Harish Hirani
- CSIR-Central
Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, India
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Priyabrata Banerjee
- Surface
Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central
Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff
College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar
Pradesh, India
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7
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Abstract
Detection of Al3+ has become important as it is related to several health issues and other problems. Different fluorophoric platforms, such as naphthalene, benzene, rhodamine, etc., have been explored to sense Al3+ and a good number of research articles are being published. This article focuses on the synthesis of recently reported aluminum sensors constructed from 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, rhodamine, coumarin and different metal based-MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, India.
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8
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Zhengfeng Xie, Hao Y, Li Z, Sun F, Ma J, Chen X, Shi W, Feng S. A Novel 2-Phenyl-1,2,3-Triazole Derived Fluorescent Probe for Recyclable Detection of Al3+ in Aqueous Medium and Its Application. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020040214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Condensation Product of p-anisaldehyde and L-phenylalanine: Fluorescent "on-off" Sensor for Cu 2+ and IMPLICATION Logic Gate. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:1513-1521. [PMID: 32833116 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
(Z)-2-(4-methoxybenzylideneamino)-3-phenylpropanoic acid (L) synthesized by condensation of p-anisaldehyde and L-phenylalanine acts as selective fluorescent as well as voltammetric sensor for Cu2+ in 2:1 (v/v) CH3OH:H2O. The fluorescence intensity of L (λmax 425 nm) is quenched ca. 65% by Cu2+. Metal ions - Li+, Na+, K+, Al3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+ do not interfere. The binding constant and the detection limits were calculated to be 0.56 × 102 M-1 and 10-6 M respectively. DFT and TDDFT calculations confirmed 2:1 binding stoichiometry between L and Cu2+ obtained from fluorescence data. The interaction between L and Cu2+ is reversible for many cycles with respect to ethylenediamine tetraacetate anion (EDTA2-) which results in IMPLICATION logic gate.
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10
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8-Hydroxyjulolidine aldimine as a fluorescent sensor for the dual detection of Al3+ and Mg2+. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2020.100358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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11
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A novel phenolphthalein-based fluorescent sensor for Al 3+ sensing in drinking water and herbal tea samples. Food Chem 2020; 337:127659. [PMID: 32781355 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 3,3-bis(4-hydroxy-3-((E)-((4-hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl) phenyl)isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (HMBP) was designed as a ''turn-on″ fluorogenic chemosensor to detect Al3+. Studies were performed in C2H5OH-HEPES (v/v, 9/1, pH 7.0) media at λem = 475 nm. The LOD value was found to be 0.113 µM. The stoichiometric ratio of HMBP-Al3+ was determined as 1:2 by Job's plot and ESI-MS as well as 1H NMR titration. The binding constant of chemosensor HMBP with Al3+ from the Benesi-Hildebrand equation was determined to be 1.21 × 108 M-1. The quantum (Φ) yields were obtained as 0.040 and 0.775 for the chemosensor HMBP and HMBP-Al3+, respectively. The response of the chemosensor HMBP towards Al3+ was attributed to the strategies of blocking the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) and CN isomerisation mechanisms. Finally, the sensing of the chemosensor HMBP for the determination of Al3+ in real food samples, drinking waters and herbal teas, were employed.
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12
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Xing C, Hao L, Zang L, Tang X, Zhao Y, Lu J. A highly selective fluorescent probe for Al 3+ based on bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde) oxaloyldihydrazone with aggregation-induced emission enhancement and gel properties. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 224:117406. [PMID: 31351420 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An efficient fluorescent probe, bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde) oxaloyldihydrazone (1), has been prepared for the selective sensing of Al3+ over other common metal ions in water-containing media. The 1:1 stoichiometry of 1 and Al3+ was determined from Job's plot and Benesti-Hildebrand plot. The binding constant was observed as 1.6×105M-1, and the limit of detection was found to be 0.36μM, which was far below the drinking water restriction of Al3+ by EPA (the maximum allowable value is 7.4μM). In addition, the inherent AIEE features of 1 were observed upon addition of water to DMSO solution due to the restriction of the intramolecular motion, which makes the molecular conformations rigid and planar. Moreover, 1 could act as a novel gelator to form thermo-reversible supramolecular organogel with significant green emission in DMSO-H2O (v/v, 9:1) solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Xing
- College of GeoExploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Libo Hao
- College of GeoExploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Libin Zang
- College of GeoExploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
| | - Xiaodan Tang
- College of GeoExploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yuyan Zhao
- College of GeoExploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jilong Lu
- College of GeoExploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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13
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Jia W, Wang Z, Zhi X. Half‐sandwich ruthenium complexes with
S
chiff base ligands bearing a hydroxyl group: Preparation, characterization and catalytic activities. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Guo Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular‐Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Zhi‐Bao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular‐Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Xue‐Ting Zhi
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular‐Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
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14
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Das DK, Deka S, Guha AK. Schiff Base Derived from 4,4′-methylenedianiline and p-anisaldehyde: Colorimetric Sensor for Cu2+, Paper Strip Sensor for Al3+ and Fluorescent Sensor for Pb2+. J Fluoresc 2019; 29:1467-1474. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-019-02443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Xu Y, Wang H, Zhao J, Yang X, Pei M, Zhang G, Zhang Y. A dual functional fluorescent sensor for the detection of Al3+ and Zn2+ in different solvents. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03298c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new fluorescent sensor, X, was designed and synthesized based on imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, which could be used to detect Al3+ in methanol buffer solution and detect Zn2+ in ethanol buffer solution, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Meishan Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Guangyou Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
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16
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Condensation Product of 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde and Ethylenediamine: "Off-On" Fluorescent Sensor for Cerium(III). J Fluoresc 2018; 28:1357-1361. [PMID: 30251063 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The condensation product (L) of 4-methoxybenzaldehyde and ethylenediamine has been synthesised and characterised. L showed a 21 times enhancement in fluorescence intensity on interaction with Ce3+ in CH3OH at λmax = 360 nm when excited with 270 nm photons. Metal ions K+, Na+, Al3+, Co2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ do not interfere. The stoichiometry of binding and the binding constants were determined from spectroscopic data and found to be 1:1 and 104.8 M respectively. The detection limit was found to be 10-5.2 M. The protonation/de-protonation of water molecules coordinated to Ce3+ was found to show interesting behaviour on the fluorescence of L:Ce3+.
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