Ultrasonic assisted synthesis, crystallographic, spectroscopic studies and biological activity of three new Zn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes as precursors for nano-metal oxides

Exploring the antimalarial and antioxidant efficacy of transition metal(II) chelates of thiosemicarbazone ligands: spectral investigations, molecular docking, DFT, MESP and ADMET

Malaria, a relentless and ancient adversary, continues to cast its shadow over vast swathes of the globe, afflicting millions of people and have a heavy toll on human health and well-being. Despite substantial progress in the fight against this parasitic disease in recent decades, malaria still persists as a substantial global health concern, especially in some specific region which have limited resources and vulnerable populations. Thus, to ascertain an combating agent for malaria and its associated dysfunction, 4-(4-ethylphenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazide and benzaldehydes based two new thiosemicarbazone ligands (1-2) and their cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II) metal complexes (3-10) were synthesized in the present research work. The synthesized compounds were comprehensive characterized through spectral and physical investigations, demonstrating octahedral stereochemistry of the complexes. Further, the antimalarial and antioxidant potential of the compounds (1-10) were analyzed by micro assay and DPPH assay protocols, respectively, to examine the therapeutic aspect of the compounds. The performed biological evaluations revealed that the complexes are more efficient in controlling infectious ailment in comparison of ligands. The complexes (5), (6), (10) shows significant efficiency for malarial and oxidant dysfunctions whereas Zn(II) complex (6) exhibit highest potency with 1.02 ± 0.07 and 2.28 ± 0.05 µM IC50 value. Furthermore, to support the highest antimalarial potency of the (3-6) complexes and their associated ligand (1), the computational studies like molecular docking, DFT, MESP and ADMET analysis were executed which were supported the biological efficacy of the complex (6) by providing numerous parameters like binding interaction electronegativity, electrophilicity, HOMO value and electron density.

A Family of [Zn6] Complexes from the Carboxylate-Bridge-Supported Assembly of [Zn2] Building Units: Synthetic, Structural, Spectroscopic, and Systematic Biological Studies

The three discrete [Zn₆] complexes [Na₃Zn₆(cpdp)₃(μ-Bz)₃(CH₃OH)₆][ZnCl₄][ZnCl₃(H₂O)]·3CH₃OH·1.5H₂O (1), [Na₃Zn₆(cpdp)₃(μ-p-OBz)₃(CH₃OH)₆]·2H₂O (2), and [Na₃Zn₆(cpdp)₃(μ-p-NO₂Bz)₃(CH₃OH)₆]Cl₃·2H₂O (3), supported by the carboxylate-based multidentate ligand N,N'-bis[2-carboxybenzomethyl]-N,N'-bis[2-pyridylmethyl]-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol (H₃cpdp), have been successfully synthesized and fully characterized (Bz = benzoate; p-OBz = dianion of p-hydroxybenzoic acid; p-NO₂Bz = p-nitrobenzoate). The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-vis, NMR spectroscopy, PXRD, and thermal analysis, including single-crystal X-ray crystallography of 1 and 2. The molecular architectures of 1-3 are built from the self-assembly of their corresponding [Zn₂] units, which are interconnected to the central [Na₃(CH₃OH)₆]³⁺ core by six endogenous benzoate groups, with each linking one Zn(II) and one Na(I) ion in a μ₂:η¹:η¹-syn-anti bidentate fashion. The composition of the (cpdp^3-)₃/(Zn²⁺)₆ complexes in 1-3 has been observed to be 1:2, on the basis of the UV-vis titration and NMR spectroscopic results, which is further supported by X-ray crystallography. Systematic biological studies performed with a mice model suggested possible antidiabetic efficacy as well as anticancer activities of the complexes. When complexes 1-3 were administered intraperitoneally in mice, 1 showed a lowering in the blood glucose level, overall maintenance of the pancreatic tissue mass, restriction of DNA damage in pancreatic cells, and retention of lipid droplet (LD) frequency, whereas 2 and 3 showed hepatic tissue mass consistency by inhibiting the DNA damage in hepatic cells, prior to the exposure to a potent diabetic inducer, alloxan (ALX). Similar trends of results were observed in inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pancreatic and hepatic cells, as examined by spectrofluorometric methods. Thus, 1 seems to be a better compound for overall diabetic management and control, whereas 2 and 3 seem to be promising compounds for designing chemopreventive drugs against hepatic carcinoma.