Synthesis, characterization, NMR spectroscopic, and X-ray crystallographic studies of new titanium(IV) Schiff base salen complexes: Formation of intriguing titanium(IV) species

Examining the impact of hydroxy group position on antibacterial activity of copper complexes derived from vanillin-based Schiff bases: Experimental and computational analysis

The positioning of the hydroxy group plays a crucial role in the coordination of Schiff bases with copper ions and their antibacterial effectiveness. This potential is an area of interest for future exploration, although no specific studies have been conducted. This study aims to reveal the significance of the positioning of the hydroxy group in the ability of the Schiff base to coordinate with copper ion and its antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus. By utilizing ortho-vanillin and para-vanillin as precursors, we successfully synthesized Schiff bases HL1 (ortho) and L2 (para), which were confirmed through Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses. HL1 forms the CuL1 complex as a bidentate ligand with N, O donor atoms, while L2 only provides a single N donor atom, forming the CuL2 complex but retaining a free hydroxy group. Crystallographic analysis revealed a tetragonal crystal system for the Schiff base and orthorhombic for the complex. Electronic transition analysis supported by Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies indicated a distorted square plane geometry for the CuL1 and CuL2 complexes. The in vitro antibacterial assessment against E. coli and S. aureus revealed that the CuL1 and CuL2 complexes exhibited significantly better activity than Schiff bases HL1 and L2. Moreover, CuL2 exhibits greater bioactivity against both bacterial strains compared to CuL1. This difference could be attributed to a free hydroxy group, supported by computational analysis. Our findings suggest that the formation of complexes and the presence of free hydroxy groups may enhance the antibacterial activity of the drug.

Spectroscopic characterization, DFT, antimicrobial activity and molecular docking studies on 4,5-bis[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]-1H,1'H-2,2'-biimidazole

The newly synthesized imidazole derivative namely, 4,5-bis[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]-1H,1'H-2,2'-biimidazole (KA1), was studied for its molecular geometry, docking studies, spectral analysis and density functional theory (DFT) studies. Experimental vibrational frequencies were compared with scaled ones. The reactivity sites were determined using average localized ionization analysis (ALIE), electron localized function (ELF), localized orbital locator (LOL), reduced density gradient (RDG), Fukui functions and frontier molecular orbital (FMO). Due to the solvent effect, a lower gas phase energy gap was observed. Through utilization of the noncovalent interaction (NCI) method, the hydrogen bond interaction, steric effect and Vander Walls interaction were investigated. Molecular docking simulations were employed to determine the specific atom inside the molecules that exhibits a preference for binding with protein. The parameters for the molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) and global reactivity descriptors were also determined. The thermodynamic characteristics were determined through calculations employing the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ basis set. Antimicrobial activity was carried out using the five different microorganisms like Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans.

Medicinal importance and chemosensing applications of Schiff base derivatives for the detection of metal ions: A review

Schiff bases, named after Hugo Schiff, are formed when primary amine reacts with carbonyl compounds (aldehyde or ketone) under specific conditions. Schiff bases are economical, simple synthetic routes, and easily accessible in laboratories. They have medicinal and biological applications such as antiviral, antioxidant, antifungal, anticancer, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antiglycation, anti-ulcerogenic, and analgesic potentials. A number of Schiff bases are reported for the detection of various metal ions. They are also used as catalysts, polymer stabilizers, intermediates in organic synthesis, and corrosion inhibitors. In this review, we have highlighted the recent advancements in the development of bioactive Schiff base derivatives and their sensing applications for detecting metal cations. Additionally, various spectroscopic techniques for structural characterization, such as X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), FT-IR, UV-vis, and NMR spectroscopy were also discussed.

Cation-π interactions enabling hard/soft Ti/Ag heterobimetallic cooperativity in lactide ring-opening polymerisation

The combination of a Ti-salen complex with AgBArF reveals unique hard/soft heterobimetallic cooperativity in lactide ring-opening polymerisation (ROP), enabling significant activity at room temperature. Reactivity, mechanistic and computational studies highlight the role of cation-π interactions in the formation of heterobimetallic species and provide key insights into the role of both metals in ROP.