Ruthenium complex of bis(benzimidazole-yl-ethyl)sulfide as chemo-sensor for selective recognition of chloride ion, and its application in real bacterial samples

Development and Application of Ruthenium(II) and Iridium(III) Based Complexes for Anion Sensing

Improvements in the design of receptors for the detection and quantification of anions are desirable and ongoing in the field of anion chemistry, and remarkable progress has been made in this direction. In this regard, the development of luminescent chemosensors for sensing anions is an imperative and demanding sub-area in supramolecular chemistry. This decade, in particular, witnessed advancements in chemosensors based on ruthenium and iridium complexes for anion sensing by virtue of their modular synthesis and rich chemical and photophysical properties, such as visible excitation wavelength, high quantum efficiency, high luminescence intensity, long lifetimes of phosphorescence, and large Stokes shifts, etc. Thus, this review aims to summarize the recent advances in the development of ruthenium(II) and iridium(III)-based complexes for their application as luminescent chemosensors for anion sensing. In addition, the focus was devoted to designing aspects of polypyridyl complexes of these two transition metals with different recognition motifs, which upon interacting with different inorganic anions, produces desirable quantifiable outputs.

A Comprehensive Study of N-Butyl-1H-Benzimidazole

Imidazole derivatives have found wide application in organic and medicinal chemistry. In particular, benzimidazoles have proven biological activity as antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumor agents. In this work, we experimentally and theoretically investigated N-Butyl-1H-benzimidazole. It has been shown that the presence of a butyl substituent in the N position does not significantly affect the conjugation and structural organization of benzimidazole. The optimized molecular parameters were performed by the DFT/B3LYP method with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. This level of theory shows excellent concurrence with the experimental data. The non-covalent interactions that existed within our compound N-Butyl-1H-benzimidazole were also analyzed by the AIM, RDG, ELF, and LOL topological methods. The color shades of the ELF and LOL maps confirm the presence of bonding and non-bonding electrons in N-Butyl-1H-benzimidazole. From DFT calculations, various methods such as molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), Fukui functions, Mulliken atomic charges, and frontier molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) were characterized. Furthermore, UV-Vis absorption and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis were calculated. It is shown that the experimental and theoretical spectra of N-Butyl-1H-benzimidazole have a peak at 248 nm; in addition, the experimental spectrum has a peak near 295 nm. The NBO method shows that the delocalization of the aσ-electron from σ (C1-C2) is distributed into antibonding σ* (C1-C6), σ* (C1-N26), and σ* (C6-H11), which leads to stabilization energies of 4.63, 0.86, and 2.42 KJ/mol, respectively. Spectroscopic investigations of N-Butyl-1H-benzimidazole were carried out experimentally and theoretically to find FTIR vibrational spectra.

Review of Chloride Ion Detection Technology in Water

The chloride ion (Cl−) is a type of anion which is commonly found in the environment and has important physiological functions and industrial uses. However, a high content of Cl− in water will do harm to the ecological environment, human health and industrial production. It is of great significance to strictly monitor the Cl− content in water. Following the recent development of society and industry, large amounts of domestic sewage and industrial sewage are discharged into the environment, which results in the water becoming seriously polluted by Cl−. The detection of Cl− has gradually become a research focus. This paper introduces the harm of Cl− pollution in the environment and summarizes various Cl− detection methods, including the volumetric method, spectrophotometry method, electrochemical method, ion chromatography, paper-based microfluidic technology, fluorescent molecular probe, and flow injection. The principle and application of each technology are described; their advantages, disadvantages, and applicability are discussed. To goal of this research is to find a more simple, rapid, environmental protection and strong anti-interference detection technology of Cl−.