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Mandal AA, Singh V, Saha S, Peters S, Sadhukhan T, Kushwaha R, Yadav AK, Mandal A, Upadhyay A, Bera A, Dutta A, Koch B, Banerjee S. Green Light-Triggered Photocatalytic Anticancer Activity of Terpyridine-Based Ru(II) Photocatalysts. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7493-7503. [PMID: 38578920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The relentless increase in drug resistance of platinum-based chemotherapeutics has opened the scope for other new cancer therapies with novel mechanisms of action (MoA). Recently, photocatalytic cancer therapy, an intrusive catalytic treatment, is receiving significant interest due to its multitargeting cell death mechanism with high selectivity. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of three photoresponsive Ru(II) complexes, viz., [Ru(ph-tpy)(bpy)Cl]PF6 (Ru1), [Ru(ph-tpy)(phen)Cl]PF6 (Ru2), and [Ru(ph-tpy)(aip)Cl]PF6 (Ru3), where, ph-tpy = 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and aip = 2-(anthracen-9-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline, showing photocatalytic anticancer activity. The X-ray crystal structures of Ru1 and Ru2 revealed a distorted octahedral geometry with a RuN5Cl core. The complexes showed an intense absorption band in the 440-600 nm range corresponding to the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) that was further used to achieve the green light-induced photocatalytic anticancer effect. The mitochondria-targeting photostable complex Ru3 induced phototoxicity with IC50 and PI values of ca. 0.7 μM and 88, respectively, under white light irradiation and ca. 1.9 μM and 35 under green light irradiation against HeLa cells. The complexes (Ru1-Ru3) showed negligible dark cytotoxicity toward normal splenocytes (IC50s > 50 μM). The cell death mechanistic study revealed that Ru3 induced ROS-mediated apoptosis in HeLa cells via mitochondrial depolarization under white or green light exposure. Interestingly, Ru3 also acted as a highly potent catalyst for NADH photo-oxidation under green light. This NADH photo-oxidation process also contributed to the photocytotoxicity of the complexes. Overall, Ru3 presented multitargeting synergistic type I and type II photochemotherapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ali Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Virendra Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sukanta Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Silda Peters
- Departmentof Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Tumpa Sadhukhan
- Departmentof Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Apurba Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Aarti Upadhyay
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Arpan Bera
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Arnab Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Biplob Koch
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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Zhan F, Zhu J, Xie S, Xu J, Xu S. Advances of bioorthogonal coupling reactions in drug development. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 253:115338. [PMID: 37037138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, bioorthogonal coupling reactions have garnered considerable interest due to their high substrate selectivity and less restrictive reaction conditions. During recent decades, bioorthogonal coupling reactions have emerged as powerful tools in drug development. This review describes the current applications of bioorthogonal coupling reactions in compound library building mediated by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction and in situ click chemistry or conjunction with other techniques; druggability optimization with 1,2,3-triazole groups; and intracellular self-assembly platforms with ring tension reactions, which are presented from the viewpoint of drug development. There is a reasonable prospect that bioorthogonal coupling reactions will accelerate the screening of lead compounds, the designing strategies of small molecules and expand the variety of designed compounds, which will be a new trend in drug development in the future.
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Bridgewater HE, Bolitho EM, Romero-Canelón I, Sadler PJ, Coverdale JPC. Targeting cancer lactate metabolism with synergistic combinations of synthetic catalysts and monocarboxylate transporter inhibitors. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:345-353. [PMID: 36884092 PMCID: PMC10036267 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-01994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic anticancer catalysts offer potential for low-dose therapy and the targeting of biochemical pathways in novel ways. Chiral organo-osmium complexes, for example, can catalyse the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of pyruvate, a key substrate for energy generation, in cells. However, small-molecule synthetic catalysts are readily poisoned and there is a need to optimise their activity before this occurs, or to avoid this occurring. We show that the activity of the synthetic organometallic redox catalyst [Os(p-cymene)(TsDPEN)] (1), which can reduce pyruvate to un-natural D-lactate in MCF7 breast cancer cells using formate as a hydride source, is significantly increased in combination with the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor AZD3965. AZD3965, a drug currently in clinical trials, also significantly lowers the intracellular level of glutathione and increases mitochondrial metabolism. These synergistic mechanisms of reductive stress induced by 1, blockade of lactate efflux, and oxidative stress induced by AZD3965 provide a strategy for low-dose combination therapy with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Bridgewater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Centre of Exercise, Sport and Life Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Bolitho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Isolda Romero-Canelón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - James P C Coverdale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Hu L, Li B, Liao Y, Wang S, Hou P, Cheng Y, Zhang S. Nitroreductase-induced bioorthogonal ligation for prodrug activation: A traceless strategy for cancer-specific imaging and therapy. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106167. [PMID: 36166897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prodrug development is of great interest in cancer therapy. From bio-friendly standpoints, traceless prodrug activation would be an ideal approach for cancer treatment owning to the avoidance of byproduct which might induce side effects in living system. Here, we report a fully traceless strategy for cancer imaging and therapy via a metal-free bioorthogonal ligation triggered by nitroreductase (NTR) overexpressed in solid tumors. The reduction of nitro substrates to amines by NTR and further condensation of amines with aldehydes can be seamlessly combined to yield imine-based resveratrol (RSV) with water as the only byproduct. In comparison with RSV, this precursor exhibited not only the same level of anticancer efficiency both in vitro and in vivo under hypoxia, but also a high sensitivity to hypoxia and much lower perturbation towards normal cells, which holds a great potential of theranostic prodrug for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangkui Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bing Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, 30 South Renmin Road, 442000 Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yulong Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Simeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Peng Hou
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yangyang Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Shiyong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Moura NMM, Serra VV, Bastos A, Biazotto JC, Castro KADF, Faustino MAF, Lodeiro C, da Silva RS, Neves MDGPMS. New Bis-Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with β-Substituted Porphyrin-Arylbipyridine as the Ancillary Ligand: Electrochemical and Photophysical Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147606. [PMID: 35886956 PMCID: PMC9319630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient synthetic access to new cationic porphyrin-bipyridine iridium(III) bis-cyclometalated complexes was developed. These porphyrins bearing arylbipyridine moieties at β-pyrrolic positions coordinated with iridium(III), and the corresponding Zn(II) porphyrin complexes were spectroscopically, electrochemically, and electronically characterized. The features displayed by the new cyclometalated porphyrin-bipyridine iridium(III) complexes, namely photoinduced electron transfer process (PET), and a remarkable efficiency to generate 1O2, allowing us to envisage new challenges and opportunities for their applications in several fields, such as photo(catalysis) and photodynamic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.A.F.F.); (M.d.G.P.M.S.N.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.M.M.); (V.V.S.); Tel.: +351-234-370-710 (N.M.M.M.)
| | - Vanda Vaz Serra
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.M.M.M.); (V.V.S.); Tel.: +351-234-370-710 (N.M.M.M.)
| | - Alexandre Bastos
- CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Juliana C. Biazotto
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil; (J.C.B.); (K.A.D.F.C.); (R.S.d.S.)
| | - Kelly A. D. F. Castro
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil; (J.C.B.); (K.A.D.F.C.); (R.S.d.S.)
| | - Maria Amparo F. Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.A.F.F.); (M.d.G.P.M.S.N.)
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- ProteoMass Scientific Society, Madan Park, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Roberto S. da Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil; (J.C.B.); (K.A.D.F.C.); (R.S.d.S.)
| | - Maria da Graça P. M. S. Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.A.F.F.); (M.d.G.P.M.S.N.)
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Kushwaha R, Kumar A, Saha S, Bajpai S, Yadav AK, Banerjee S. Os(II) complexes for catalytic anticancer therapy: recent update. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4825-4836. [PMID: 35348152 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00341d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent dramatic enhancement in cancer-related mortality and the drawbacks (side effects and resistance) of Pt-based first-generation chemotherapeutics have escalated the need for new cancer medicines with unique anticancer activities for better human life. To overcome the demerits of Pt-based cancer drugs, the concept of catalytic anticancer agents has recently been presented in the field of anticancer metallodrug development research. Many intracellular transformations in cancer cells are catalyzed by metal complexes, including pyruvate reduction to lactate, NAD(P)+ reduction to NAD(P)H and vice versa, and the conversion of 3O2 to reactive oxygen species (ROS). These artificial in-cell changes with non-toxic and catalytic dosages of metal complexes have been shown to disrupt several essential intracellular processes which ultimately cause cell death. This new approach could develop potent next-generation catalytic anticancer drugs. In this context, recently, several 16/18 electron Os(II)-based complexes have shown promising catalytic anticancer activities with unique anticancer mechanisms. Herein, we have delineated the catalytic anticancer activity of Os(II) complexes from a critical viewpoint. These catalysts are reported to induce the in-cell catalytic transfer hydrogenation of pyruvate and important quinones to create metabolic disorder and photocatalytic ROS generation for oxidative stress generation in cancer cells. Overall, these Os(II) catalysts have the potential to be novel catalytic cancer drugs with new anticancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Souvik Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Sumit Bajpai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Ashish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
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